Deck 5: Securing Civil Rights

Question 1

Because they require action to ensure their expression, civil rights are sometimes called ______.

A)assertive liberties
B)positive freedoms
C)negative rights
D)community rights

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who argued the Brown v.Board or Education case for the NAACP before the Supreme Court in 1952?

A)Thurgood Marshall
B)Clarence Gideon
C)Clarence Darrow
D)Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to the majority opinion of Justice Taney in Scott v.Sandford, natural rights had been ______ bestowed.

A)objectively
B)collectively
C)subjectively
D)impartially

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Thurgood Marshall's legal team needed the Supreme Court to ______.

A)affirm the Plessey v. Ferguson case
B)agree that "separate but equal" was legal
C)overturn only the Scott v. Sandford case
D)declare that segregation itself is unequal

Question 5

Ultimately, the Supreme Court's Ruling in Scott v.Sandford (Dred Scott)threatened ______.

A)the constitutionality of any state laws against slavery
B)the objectivity of any ruling dealing with the slave trade
C)the subjectivity of the Constitution's slavery clauses
D)the legality of slavery and segregation in Southern states

Question 6

In response to the slow implementation of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974, individuals across the nation began a series of nonviolent activities called the ______.

A)911 protests
B)411 pickets
C)666 marches
D)504 sit-ins

Question 7

In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton stated that the judiciary is ______.

A)the strongest of the three departments of power
B)without comparison to the three departments of power
C)the weakest of the three departments of power
D)not one of the three departments of power

Question 8

According to the Preamble to the Constitution, what is the central purpose of representative government?

A)to govern the United States and its citizens with authority and dignity
B)to guard and protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of its citizens
C)to establish a set of institutions and create a set of standards over them
D)to create and execute the laws and policies of the United States

Question 9

Which of the following amendments prohibited slavery in the United States?

A)13th
B)14th
C)15th
D)19th

Question 10

The main worry of Thurgood Marshall and his team was that the Court would find ______.

A)segregation had taken place without discrimination
B)black schools were unequal to white schools but not segregated
C)the schools in question were racially segregated but not seriously
D)no segregation or discrimination had taken place in the schools

Question 11

Unlike civil liberties, civil rights require

A)positive action.
B)negative action.
C)positive accountability.
D)negative accountability.

Question 12

Even if it succeeded, the NAACP knew its strategy on winning in the Supreme Court was a risky move because ______.

A)the judicial branch was not designed to be a strong instrument of public policy
B)the executive branch was the only effective mechanism of implementing policy
C)the legislative branch could overturn the actions of the judicial branch
D)new laws could be made and executed that would weaken the power of any Court ruling

Question 13

In which Supreme Court case were slaves, former slaves, and their descendants deemed property and not citizens?

A)Scott v. Sandford
B)Plessey v. Ferguson
C)Missouri ex Gaines v. Canada
D)Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Question 14

The fundamental guarantees ensuring equal treatment and protecting against discrimination under the laws of a nation are called ______.

A)civil liberties
B)civil disobedience
C)civil rights
D)civil responsibilities

Question 15

In December of 1860, the state of ______ made the threat of secession a reality.

A)Texas
B)Virginia
C)South Carolina
D)Florida

Question 16

Legal segregation is best defined as

A)the separation of individuals based upon their racial identities, by law.
B)the separation of groups based upon their ethnicities, by law.
C)the separation of individuals based upon their race or color, by choice.
D)the separation of groups based upon their ethnicities, by choice.

Question 17

Which of the following was true of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A)It applied only to free states.
B)It applied only to states under rebellion.
C)It freed all slaves in every state.
D)It was seen as immediately effective.

Question 18

In the 1950s, Judith Heumann was refused attendance at her local elementary school for

A)protesting for civil rights.
B)exercising her civil liberties.
C)causing a potential fire hazard.
D)causing a disruption to the school.

Question 19

How many cases were included as a part of the Brown v.Board of Education case?

A)one
B)three
C)five
D)seven

Question 20

After the assassination of President Lincoln, President Andrew Johnson's post-Civil War policies pushed for laws that would ______.

A)make readmission of Southern states difficult and for preservation of African American civil rights
B)readmit Southern states with little regard for African American civil rights
C)punish Southern states and protect African American civil rights
D)overturn Southern "black codes" and grant immediate voting rights to African Americans

Question 21

Justice Harlan, the lone dissenter on the Supreme Court in the Plessey decision, argued which of the following?

A)Separate but equal is inherently unequal and should not be the law of the land.
B)Our Constitution is color blind and does not know or tolerate classes.
C)Our nation does not need Court-created policies to grant African American rights.
D)States should have full and sovereign control over their own laws and policies.

Question 22

Which of the following was Thurgood Marshall's most important contribution as chief counsel in the NAACP's fight for desegregation?

A)litigation skills
B)ability to coordinate multiple cases
C)organizational skills
D)attention to detail

Question 23

Having won major victories in the 1866 elections, the Republican Congress passed the

A)First Reconstruction Act.
B)14th Amendment.
C)15th Amendment.
D)Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 24

Which of the following institutions were seen as particularly dangerous to the white order?

A)churches
B)schools
C)federal offices
D)state legislatures

Question 25

In a speech before the Republican Party Convention in 1872, ______, a former slave, abolitionist leader, and noted orator, highlighted the incompleteness of efforts on behalf of African American civil rights and the dangers many continued to face.

A)Frederick Douglass
B)Sojourner Truth
C)Harriet Tubman
D)George Washington Carver

Question 26

According to your textbook, which of the following was a central question in the NAACP's strategy to address racial segregation in Southern schools?

A)Should Plessey v. Ferguson be overturned, or should it remain policy?
B)Is separate but equal a fair and balanced social policy?
C)Should the organization push for integration or focus on internal change?
D)Should the NAACP use nonviolent protest as a means of forcing desegregation?

Question 27

Which two major legal victories did the NAACP and Thurgood Marshall win in 1950?

A)Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
B)Brown v. Board of Education and Regents of California v. Bakke
C)Loving v. Virginia and Korematsu v. United States
D)Bowder v. Gale and Bowling v. Sharpe

Question 28

Which of the following was the Court's main defense for its decision in Plessey v.Ferguson?

A)Social prejudices cannot be overcome by legislation.
B)Separate but equal is inherently unequal.
C)The 14th Amendment does not apply to African Americans.
D)The Court has no authority to establish policy in state matters.

Question 29

What part of the 14th Amendment served as the Constitutional basis for the NAACP assault on educational segregation in the South?

A)the Free Exercise Clause
B)the Establishment Clause
C)the Equal Protections Clause
D)the Due Process Clause

Question 30

In the case of Missouri ex rel Gains v.Canada, the Supreme Court

A)called for the immediate desegregation of Missouri's law school program.
B)ruled that Missouri's law school program was constitutional.
C)required separate but equal law schools within Missouri.
D)failed to take a close look at the question of equality in Missouri's law school program.

Question 31

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court uphold the constitutionality of legalized racial segregation?

A)Scott v. Sandford
B)Marbury v. Madison
C)Brown v. Board of Education
D)Plessey v. Ferguson

Question 32

The 14th Amendment explicitly excluded women from the right to vote by

A)specifically prohibiting female enfranchisement.
B)specifying its application only to African Americans.
C)using the word "male" for the first time in the Constitution.
D)associating itself only with the issue of slavery and reconstruction.

Question 33

As the Democratic party gained political power in Southern states and the will of the Republican Party began to fade, what happened to the gains made by African Americans?

A)They grew in size and strength.
B)They began to disappear.
C)They stayed the same.
D)They were inconsequential.

Question 34

In 1865, Congress created the ______, which took steps to provide former slaves with land and education.

A)NAACP
B)Freedman's Bureau
C)Reconstruction Commission
D)"black codes"

Question 35

Which of the following would be an example of a Jim Crow law?

A)literacy tests
B)prohibition of poll taxes
C)mandatory voter registration
D)intense desegregation efforts

Question 36

According to Thurgood Marshall, one Mississippi registrar was asking black voters to ______.

A)identify all presidents of the United States
B)identify the three branches of U.S. government
C)cite specific Supreme Court cases
D)state "how many bubbles are in a bar of soap"

Question 37

Laws passed by Southern states in order to preserve segregation and prevent African American men from exercising their 15th Amendment right to vote were called ______ laws.

A)John Brown
B)antireconstruction
C)Jim Crow
D)white supremacy

Question 38

Which Amendment to the Constitution allowed Congress to make laws necessary to affirm the voting rights of all freed men?

A)13th
B)14th
C)15th
D)19th

Question 39

Which of the following magazines was founded by W.E.B.Du Bois and the NAACP?

A)The Crisis
B)The Radical
C)The African-American
D)The Protester

Question 40

What did Southern states do in reaction to the 14th Amendment?

A)accepted it as law and adhered to it
B)refused to acknowledge its passage
C)placed its future in jeopardy through court action
D)rejected or ratified modified versions of it

Question 41

The first state or territory in the U.S.to make moves toward compliance with the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v.Board of Education was

A)Texas.
B)South Carolina.
C)Virginia.
D)Washington, DC.

Question 42

In announcing its decision in the Brown v.Board cases, the Supreme Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently ______."

A)unfair
B)unenforceable
C)unequal
D)uncommon

Question 43

Justice Felix Frankfurter was considered to be a sharp critic of Chief Justice Vinson's refusal to be more

A)active in the protection of civil rights
B)affirmative in the quest for civil liberties
C)decisive in civil rights cases before the Court
D)defensive of the Court's separate but equal policy

Question 44

Why did Oliver Brown pursue his case against the Topeka Board of Education?

A)He wanted to create a test case for the NAACP.
B)He believed Plessey v. Ferguson was an unjust case and needed to be overturned.
C)He was concerned for his daughter's daily safety as she made her way to and from school.
D)He believed separate but equal facilities were inherently unequal and unfair.

Question 45

The Court's decision in Brown had intentionally avoided stating a

A)definition of desegregation.
B)timeline on achieving integration.
C)remedy for segregated schools.
D)requirement for the desegregation of schools.

Question 46

The Case of Brown v.Board of Education was responsible for overturning which of the following Supreme Court decisions ?

A)Bakke v. California
B)Sweatt v. Painter
C)Dred Scott v. Sandford
D)Plessey v. Ferguson

Question 47

Arguments presented by John W.Davis for South Carolina highlighted the

A)impact of centralized educational policies.
B)importance of local control in education.
C)negative effects of segregated school districts.
D)need for federal educational funding for all schools.

Question 48

In the case of McLaurin v.Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, the Supreme Court found

A)separate but equal treatment may remain as the preferred public educational policy.
B)separate treatment within Oklahoma's graduate school violated Mr. McLaurin's civil rights.
C)educational quality may be measured as a function of equal access to research materials.
D)equality of resources can be used as a defense for segregated educational programs.

Question 49

Justice Vinson's replacement as Chief Justice was

A)Felix Frankfurter.
B)Earl Warren.
C)Thurgood Marshall.
D)Warren Burger.

Question 50

By 1964, 10 years after the Court's Brown ruling, what percentage of African American children attended integrated schools?

A)3%
B)10%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 51

The results of Drs.Clark and Clark's psychological experiments were used as evidence of the

A)need for continued segregation in social settings.
B)psychological damage caused by desegregation.
C)neutral impact of segregation in educational settings.
D)psychological damage caused by segregation.

Question 52

By 1970, slightly more than ______ of African American children in the South were attending integrated schools.

A)3%
B)10%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 53

Which of the following best describes the level of compliance of Southern states to Brown II?

A)slow at best
B)decisive and conclusive
C)reluctantly compliant
D)fast and comprehensive

Question 54

In its 1955 Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka II decision, the Court ordered compliance with the Brown I case with all "______."

A)immediacy
B)urgency
C)deliberate speed
D)available resources

Question 55

In order to implement the Brown decision as a reality on the ground, the Court placed ______ in charge of actual desegregation efforts.

A)local officials
B)state legislators
C)U.S. Marshalls
D)federal district judges

Question 56

Which of the following arguments was key to the NAACP's case in Sweatt v.Painter?

A)One must look only at physical facilities when evaluating educational quality.
B)Education quality is a factor of equal access and equal opportunity.
C)One must look beyond physical facilities when evaluating educational quality.
D)Educational quality cannot be determined by equal access or equal opportunity alone.

Question 57

In the Brown v.Board decision, the Court found that legal segregation in public education is in conflict with which of the following?

A)the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution
B)the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
C)the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D)the Cruel and Inhumane Punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment

Question 58

The reaction of the nation to the Brown v.Board decision was

A)strong yet weakly divided.
B)strong and immediate but not uniform.
C)weak and uniformly immediate.
D)weak and heavily divided.

Question 59

The research findings of psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark were based on which of the following experiments?

A)division of subjects into two segregated groups
B)heterogeneous groups of desegregated subjects
C)presentation of black and white dolls to young children
D)model classrooms comprised of both black and white students

Question 60

According to your text, the act of eliminating laws or practices that intentionally separate individuals based upon personal characteristics such as racial identity is defined as

A)antisegregation.
B)desegregation.
C)subjugation.
D)integration.

Question 61

The national women's rights meeting organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton at a Methodist chapel 1848 was known as the

A)Cincinnati Convention.
B)Seneca Falls Convention.
C)Syracuse Convention.
D)Philadelphia Convention.

Question 62

For the purposes of the courts, women

A)did not exist.
B)were a protected class.
C)were subject to legal segregation.
D)had all equal rights of citizenship.

Question 63

For the first 10 years following the Brown v.Board decision, which branch of government had the greatest role in the fight for desegregation?

A)the legislative branch
B)the executive branch
C)the judicial branch
D)Congress

Question 64

In the case of Grutter v.Bollinger, the Court affirmed the possibility of using ______ in admission decisions.

A)racial and ethnic identity
B)physical and social maturity
C)entrance exams and interviews
D)academic transcripts and essays

Question 65

In the case of Gratz v.Bollinger, the Court ruled ______ was/were unconstitutional.

A)affirmative action
B)entrance exams
C)application essays
D)a points system

Question 66

After citizens began to take action with events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, what reaction did the executive and legislative branches of government have in response?

A)They became more directly involved.
B)They became even less involved.
C)They seemed indifferent.
D)They urged the Court for more decisions.

Question 67

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 authorized the federal government to

A)withhold grants from districts that did not integrate their schools.
B)call out federal troops for states or districts that refused to desegregate.
C)place federal overseers in charge of districts that did not integrate their schools.
D)declare martial law in cities that did not comply with court ordered desegregation.

Question 68

In the 1978 Supreme Court decision Regents of the University of California v.Bakke, the court outlawed the use of ______ as a part of the application and enrollment process.

A)quotas
B)exams
C)transcripts
D)essays

Question 69

In 1957, what did President Eisenhower do in order to enforce a desegregation order in Little Rock, Arkansas?

A)sent U.S. Marshalls
B)appointed more federal district judges
C)declared martial law
D)sent federal troops

Question 70

The actions of Claudette Colvin and Rosa Parks became the basis of which of the following?

A)Dr. Martin Luther King's March to Selma
B)the Montgomery Bus Boycotts
C)the Greensboro, North Carolina sit-ins
D)the "freedom rider" protests

Question 71

Many early activists for women's rights were also active in the ______ movement-the movement to end the practice of slavery.

A)abolitionist
B)protectivist
C)segregationist
D)collectivist

Question 72

The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the

A)first piece of Civil Rights legislation since Reconstruction.
B)lynchpin of NAACP arguments in the Brown v. Board case.
C)foundation for arguments against Southern desegregation.
D)essential basis for the protection of voting rights in the South.

Question 73

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed which of the following requirements?

A)residency
B)voter registration
C)literacy tests
D)voter ID

Question 74

The suppression of women's rights was often justified by the claim that women

A)did not have 14th Amendment rights.
B)were not considered citizens under the Bill of Rights.
C)needed to be protected and shut out of normal elements of public life.
D)got their rights through their husbands and fathers.

Question 75

African Americans began to make their presence felt in Washington, DC, by

A)violent action.
B)nonviolent protest.
C)calling for new legislation.
D)voting in larger numbers.

Question 76

The intentional refusal to obey a law in order to call attention to its injustice is defined as

A)popular dissonance.
B)civic disorder.
C)civil disobedience.
D)Posse Comitatus.

Question 77

Early efforts by women to secure their rights often centered around

A)gender.
B)education.
C)ethnicity.
D)race.

Question 78

A policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing advantages to individuals based upon their identities is defined as

A)assistive policy.
B)administrative law.
C)assertive justice.
D)affirmative action.

Question 79

In 1959, the Board of Supervisors of Prince Edward County, Virginia, did which of the following in order to get around the Brown decision without openly defying it?

A)funded only segregated white public schools
B)cut all funding to the county's public schools
C)publicly funded segregated private schools
D)privately funded desegregated private schools

Question 80

In the case of Griffin v.Prince Edward County, the United States Supreme Court ordered Prince Edward county to

A)equally fund public and private schools within the county.
B)desegregate both public and private schools.
C)reopen its public schools on an integrated basis.
D)close both its public and private schools.