Deck 13: Power and Violence in Families

Question 1

Walter and Tabatha have been married for 10 years. Walter has an accounting degree and a high-paying job with a large corporation. Tabatha works as a secretary with the same company. According to the __________ hypothesis, Walter has more power in the marriage.

A) conjugal power
B) resource
C) expert power
D) authority

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The text suggests six bases or sources of power. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) coercive
B) reward
C) expert
D) authoritative

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Personal power is also referred to as

A) authority.
B) autonomy.
C) autocracy.
D) ascription.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

George is a high-school senior and wants very much to go to college. His mother and father promise to pay his tuition, provided he agrees to attend the school of their choice. George's mother's and father's behavior illustrate which source of power?

A) expert
B) reward
C) coercive
D) authoritative

Question 5

According to Gillespie, the resource hypothesis (which presents resources as neutral and power as gender-free) is

A) "rationalizing the preponderance of the male sex."
B) "the most adequate explanation of gender equality."
C) "thoroughly supported by research findings on gender inequality."
D) "useless, since marriage is a free contract between equals."

Question 6

Resource theory explains marital power only when there is no overriding __________ norm or __________ norm of marital power.

A) transitional/relative
B) egalitarian/patriarchal
C) dominant/subordinate
D) matriarchal/superior

Question 7

In a traditional society, __________ is legitimate power.

A) egalitarianism
B) female authority
C) male authority
D) child-focused decision-making

Question 8

Daniel and Judith are married. Daniel makes most of the decisions, Judith does most of the housework, and both feel free to raise complaints to each other about their relationship. These observations reflect the different components of

A) oligarchy.
B) egalitarianism.
C) marital power.
D) social power.

Question 9

Victor and Tanya have a fairly "traditional" marriage. Tanya regards Victor as possessing superior judgment in terms of most decisions and always defers to his opinions. This illustrates which source of power?

A) expert
B) reward
C) coercive
D) authoritative

Question 10

One way in which women come to have fewer resources is through their __________ and resulting economic dependence.

A) comparative weakness
B) reproductive roles
C) vocational lag
D) lack of higher education

Question 11

In Joe and Paulette's marriage, Paulette does most of the housework and participates very little in major decision making. She perceives the relationship as fair and equitable. Joe makes most of the important decisions and does relatively little housework, but feels the relationship is unfair. This example illustrates which of the following?

A) subjective measure of fairness
B) personal power
C) conjugal power
D) objective measure of power

Question 12

Social scientists Robert Blood and Donald Wolfe interviewed about 900 wives in greater Detroit and asked who made the final decision in various areas. From their interviews, they drew the conclusion that most families had a(n) "__________" decision-making structure.

A) relatively egalitarian
B) authoritative
C) patriarchal
D) very traditional

Question 13

Virtually all research indicates that women's satisfaction with __________ is strongly associated with women's (and sometimes men's) relationship happiness, marital commitment, and depression and with the risk of marital disruption.

A) the fairness of their partners' contributions to household work
B) their sexual fulfillment
C) their career and outside pursuits
D) relationships with in-laws

Question 14

The text describes several components of marital power. Which of the following is NOT one of these components?

A) decision making
B) division of labor
C) allocation of money
D) career importance

Question 15

The text points out that there are important areas of family life that were NOT included in the Blood and Wolfe study. Which of the following was, in fact, included in their investigation?

A) sexual life
B) how many children to have
C) how much freedom for same or opposite-sex friendships
D) decision making

Question 16

The text points out that it is only in the present __________ situation, in which neither patriarchal nor egalitarian norms are firmly entrenched, that marital power is negotiated by individual couples and the power of husbands and wives may be a consequence of their resources.

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) power non-specific
D) transitional egalitarian

Question 17

Studies comparing traditional societies with more modern ones suggest that in a traditional society, norms of patriarchal authority may be so strong that they override personal resources and give considerable power to all husbands. This perspective is termed

A) resources in cultural context.
B) family ecology.
C) relative love and need.
D) egalitarian normative.

Question 18

Blood and Wolfe's investigation involving interviews with 900 wives in Detroit, Michigan, had the important effect of encouraging people to see marital power as

A) patriarchal.
B) matriarchal.
C) shared.
D) traditional.

Question 19

Research on marital power began

A) after the second wave of the feminist movement in the 1970s.
B) after the development of family therapy.
C) after the identification of family violence as a social problem
D) in the 1950s.

Question 20

The text points out that the silent treatment is a form of __________ power.

A) reward
B) expert
C) coercive
D) authoritative

Question 21

Power asymmetry was found more often among __________ couples.

A) egalitarian
B) dissatisfied
C) satisfied
D) younger

Question 22

In peer marriages, all EXCEPT which of the following is true of the couple?

A) no worse than a 60-40 split on childrearing and housework
B) total freedom to excel in their career of choice
C) shared control of discretionary funds
D) each considered themselves to have 'equal' status or standing in the relationship

Question 23

In 1965, women did seven hours of housework for every hour that men put in; in 2005, it was nearly__________.

A) one hour
B) one and a half hours
C) two hours
D) three hours

Question 24

Pepper Schwartz's research on __________ offers an example of a strong equality norm at work.

A) peer marriage
B) traditional families
C) patriarchal marriage
D) asymmetrical power

Question 25

The text observes that both equal and unequal partners may engage in a cycle of power politics, the cumulative effect of which is to create

A) clearer communication.
B) a special dynamic of closeness in terms of teamwork.
C) distance and loneliness for both spouses.
D) greatly exacerbated conflict.

Question 26

The early and continuing research of __________, and colleagues has shaped the social science study of family violence.

A) Straus, Gelles
B) Parsons, Bales
C) Ritzer, Macionis
D) Durkheim, Merton

Question 27

Of the kinds of data on violence collected by the Department of Justice, which is the more important?

A) the National Crime Victimization Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reports
C) the Bureau of the Census Annual Report
D) U.S. Government Documents

Question 28

Cohabitants and those who have been previously divorced are especially likely to maintain separate __________.

A) homes
B) social lives
C) money
D) pets

Question 29

In conjunction with the National Family Violence Surveys, respondents were asked about the following acts: threw something at the other; pushed, grabbed, or shoved; slapped or spanked; kicked, bit, or hit with a fist; hit or tried to hit with something; beat up the other; burned or scaled (for children) or choked (for spouses); threatened with knife or gun; and used a knife or gun. On the basis of this information, researchers developed an instrument known as the

A) family violence paradigm.
B) conflict tactics scale.
C) domestic conflict indicator.
D) family violence barometer.

Question 30

With a goal for couples of developing relationships best suited to partners' individual needs and assets, marriage counselors today are virtually unanimous in asserting that greater intimacy takes place insofar as partners are equal. Social scientist Peter Blau terms this situation

A) "equitable."
B) "no-power."
C) "egalitarian."
D) "non-authoritative."

Question 31

One small study of twelve fairly equal newlywed couples found that some of them either consciously or unconsciously avoided issues about conjugal power and developed a(n)

A) equal partnership.
B) "myth of equality."
C) division of labor.
D) platform of equality.

Question 32

Recent research suggests that spouses think of their marital relationship as fair when they

A) know their spouses support egalitarianism.
B) feel that there is an absence of conflict.
C) feel listened to and emotionally supported.
D) have equal income.

Question 33

In Pepper Schwartz's investigation of peer marriage, a category known as "__________" emerged: couples who believed in equality, but the combination of the arrival of children and wanting to maximize income meant that the husband did not participate as much as the couples' egalitarian ideals required.

A) traditionals
B) feminists
C) semi-egalitarians
D) near peers

Question 34

WFamily researcher Steven Nock views the future as one of __________ couples.

A) mutually economically dependent
B) dual-career
C) childless
D) unmarried

Question 35

The text observes that changing marital power patterns can be difficult, even for couples who talk about it, because these patterns

A) usually have been established from the earliest days of the relationship.
B) are grounded in patriarchy.
C) require a feminist stance.
D) are hazy and confusing.

Question 36

The text discusses several alternatives to power politics. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) partners growing increasingly separate in their decision making
B) both partners agree not to argue
C) the subordinate spouse disengages from power struggles
D) the more powerful partner consciously relinquishes some power

Question 37

The couples' respect for each other as described in Pepper Schwartz's study of peer marriage is essentially a "__________" relationship.

A) no-power
B) conflict
C) functional
D) dysfunctional

Question 38

Carlfred Broderick has offered an exercise to help people disengage from power struggles. Four options are presented for dealing with contentious issues without provoking a power struggle. Which of the following is NOT one of these options?

A) resign the crown
B) do it yourself
C) make an offer your partner can't refuse
D) avoid being assertive

Question 39

Carlfred Broderick encourages spouses to delegate to the other person full control and responsibility for his or her own life in a certain area in order to disengage from power struggles. He calls this technique:

A) resign the crown
B) do it yourself
C) make an offer your partner can't refuse
D) avoid being assertive

Question 40

Research on couples' __________-whether they pool their money and who controls pooled or separate money-is relatively recent.

A) allocation systems
B) financial marital status
C) fund typing
D) cash decisions

Question 41

The early National Family Violence Surveys reported

A) approximately equal amounts of both minor and serious partner violence on the part of men and women.
B) more serious partner violence on the part of men.
C) less serious partner violence on the part of women.
D) more minor and serious partner violence on the part of men.

Question 42

The text observes that intimate partner murder rates have declined dramatically, especially for men. The drop in the male homicide victim rate is attributed to

A) a decline in patriarchy.
B) stronger law enforcement.
C) an increase in egalitarianism.
D) a decline in male domination.

Question 43

Between 1993 and 2005, the number of violent crimes against women

A) increased by almost 50 percent.
B) increased by about 25 percent.
C) declined dramatically.
D) stayed the same.

Question 44

The text points out that men may abuse the women in their lives, using fear and intimidation in an attempt to gain control. This type of violence has been called

A) diverted wrath.
B) intimate terrorism.
C) batterers' syndrome.
D) conjugal violence.

Question 45

__________ violence is not focused on a particular matter of dispute between the partners, but is intended to establish a general pattern of dominance in the relationship.

A) Common couple
B) Conjugal
C) Intimate
D) Patriarchal terroristic

Question 46

Estimates are that __________ percent of women experience marital rape.

A) less than 5
B) about 10
C) between 10 and 14
D) over 25

Question 47

Battered women's lack of personal power begins with

A) economic hardship.
B) subordinate status.
C) fear.
D) anger.

Question 48

The text mentions several ways to stop relationship violence. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) telephone hotlines
B) the shelter movement
C) counseling and group therapy directed toward abusive male partners (or the couple)
D) the criminal justice system

Question 49

Unusually low self-esteem interacts with fear, depression, confusion, anxiety, feelings of self-blame, and loss of a sense of personal control that can create the __________ syndrome.

A) cycle of violence
B) conjugal
C) battered woman
D) confusion

Question 50

Studies show that __________ percent of women on welfare are in situations at risk for domestic violence.

A) 5 to 10
B) 10 to 15
C) 15 to 20
D) 20 to 30

Question 51

The 1975 and 1985 National Family Violence Surveys found that in __________ percent of the couples surveyed, at least one of the partners had engaged in a violent act against the other during the previous year.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 16

Question 52

__________ violence appears to be perpetrated by women as well as men, producing the gender-balanced rates found in some studies.

A) Patriarchal terroristic
B) Situational couple
C) Matriarchal
D) Gender-reversal

Question 53

What body of literature is the primary basis for Bureau of Justice Statistics reports on intimate-partner violence?

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) Conflict Tactics Scale
D) National Family Violence Survey

Question 54

According to the National Family Violence Survey, during the course of the marriage, a violent act occurred in about __________ of all married couples.

A) one tenth
B) one quarter
C) one third
D) one half

Question 55

The text observes that absent a reward power base for family power, some men resort to what is referred to as

A) coercive power.
B) homicide.
C) aggravated assault.
D) menacing.

Question 56

According to race/ethnicity, victimization rates are strikingly higher for __________ women.

A) Native American
B) black
C) non-Hispanic white
D) Hispanic

Question 57

If women are the primary victims of male intimate partner violence, this outcome is referred to as

A) symmetrical.
B) convex.
C) asymmetrical.
D) concave.

Question 58

Under traditional common law, marital rape was not considered rape at all because

A) women are expected to have sex with their husbands.
B) wives were considered their husbands' property.
C) of the rules of patriarchy.
D) women could not vote.

Question 59

The text points to three of the most convincing explanations for contradictory findings-that men are the more violent sex (asymmetrical violence) or that men and women are both violent (symmetrical violence). Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) sample differences
B) methodological differences
C) measures
D) typologies of intimate-partner violence

Question 60

Although intimate partners commit only 5 percent of murders of men, they account for __________ percent of homicides of women.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 25
D) 30

Question 61

Another way of looking at marital power is that men are far less powerful in the private, intimate sphere than they are in the public world.

Question 62

Those who favor the __________ approach to combating child abuse and willful neglect believe that one or both parents should be held legally responsible for abusing a child.

A) punitive
B) therapeutic
C) clinical
D) counseling

Question 63

The text discusses three major approaches to combating child abuse and willful neglect. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) the punitive approach
B) the therapeutic approach
C) the authoritarian approach
D) the social welfare approach

Question 64

For the most part, research shows that partners' subjective perception of fairness is more powerful than actual fairness in determining marital satisfaction.

Question 65

Social scientists generally agree that the cultural ideal today is one of spousal and partner equality and of shared work and family roles.

Question 66

Of the various forms of sexual abuse, which is the most emotionally charged?

A) fondling
B) incest
C) rape
D) exposure

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT categorized as child neglect?

A) failing to seek medical attention for conditions such as poor eyesight or bad teeth.
B) lack of immunization against childhood disease
C) withholding love
D) failure to ensure that the child attends school regularly

Question 68

George is accused of fondling the sexual organs of a minor child not related to him. This reflects

A) incest.
B) sexual violence.
C) sexual abuse.
D) menacing.

Question 69

As an aspect of marital power, the division of labor is the only standard by which women and men judge the equality or lack of equality in their marriage.

Question 70

Researchers agree that the resource hypothesis fully explains marital power.

Question 71

When women kill a partner, it is usually

A) malicious and intentional.
B) a matter of manslaughter.
C) out of desperation to exit a violent relationship.
D) out of rage against the partner.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT categorized as child abuse by current American standards?

A) whipping
B) hitting with a heavy object
C) kicking
D) hitting a child with a hair brush

Question 73

Current evidence indicates that equitable relationships are generally more apt to be stable and satisfying.

Question 74

Most couples knowingly choose power politics, and this decision is made knowledgeably rather than by default.

Question 75

If traditional norms of male authority are strong, husbands will almost inevitably dominate regardless of personal resources.

Question 76

The National Family Violence Survey found which of the following to be the most pervasive form of family violence?

A) sibling violence
B) child abuse
C) spouse abuse
D) elder abuse

Question 77

Abused children live in families of all socioeconomic levels, races, nationalities, and religious groups, although child abuse is reported more frequently among __________ families.

A) middle-class white
B) upper-middle-class white
C) upper-class white
D) poor and nonwhite

Question 78

Allowing children to witness violence between partners might be construed as

A) emotional child abuse.
B) sexual abuse.
C) incest.
D) sibling violence.

Question 79

Robert Blood and Donald Wolfe's book Husbands and Wives: The Dynamics of Married Living was based on interviews with husbands and wives.

Question 80

Feminist Dair Gillespie pointed out that power-giving resources tend to be evenly distributed between the sexes.