Deck 15: Endocrine System

Question 1

The gland that is called the master gland is the:

A) adrenal
B) pancreas
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Answer 1

pituitary

Question 2

A hormone that is made by the adrenal glands and is important in the regulation of body metabolism is:

A) cortisone
B) growth hormone
C) insulin
D) thyroxine

Answer 2

cortisone

Question 3

Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults and results in abnormal enlargement of the extremities, including the nose, jaw, fingers, and toes?

A) acromegaly
B) adrenalitis
C) diabetes mellitus
D) myxedema

Answer 3

acromegaly

Question 4

The term for a substance that produces or stimulates the development of male characteristics is:

A) adrenaline
B) androgen
C) estrogen
D) thyroxine

Question 5

Which of the following is the gland that lies above the kidney?

A) adrenal
B) pancreas
C) pineal body
D) thyroid

Question 6

Glands that open onto a body surface and discharge their secretions through ducts are collectively called _____ glands.

A) endocrine
B) exocrine
C) hypophysis
D) sweat

Question 7

Which of the following is a test in which a radioactive substance is administered and then an image of the spatial distribution of the radiation is taken?

A) cortisone measurement
B) palpation
C) thyroid scan
D) thyrotoxicosis test

Question 8

A disorder associated with a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone is:

A) diabetes insipidus
B) hypoglycemia
C) type 1 diabetes mellitus
D) type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 9

Increased thirst is called:

A) glycosuria
B) hyperglycemia
C) polydipsia
D) polyuria

Question 10

Normal thyroid function is described as:

A) euthyroid
B) hyperthyroidism
C) hypothyroidism
D) inactive thyroid

Question 11

Excessive secretion of insulin is called:

A) cretinism
B) hyperinsulinism
C) hypoinsulinism
D) myxedema

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true concerning endocrine glands?

A) They are the same as target organs.
B) They empty their hormones directly onto a body surface.
C) They generally secrete their hormones into the bloodstream.
D) They usually have ducts.

Question 13

A disorder that results from inadequate production or use of insulin is:

A) diabetes mellitus
B) hypoparathyroidism
C) hypothyroidism
D) thyrotoxicosis

Question 14

A swelling in the front part of the neck that results from enlargement of the thyroid gland is called:

A) euthyroid
B) goiter
C) hyperglycemia
D) melatonin

Question 15

Increased blood sugar is:

A) glycosuria
B) hyperglycemia
C) polydipsia
D) polyuria

Question 16

The four glands that lie beside the thyroid gland and are responsible for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body are called the:

A) adrenals
B) parathyroids
C) pineals
D) pituitaries

Question 17

An important therapeutic intervention for type 1 diabetes mellitus is administration of:

A) calcium
B) insulin
C) sugar
D) thyroxine

Question 18

Which of the following structures is not an endocrine gland?

A) ovary
B) pancreas
C) sudoriferous gland
D) testis

Question 19

A condition caused by congenital deficiency of thyroid secretion that is marked by arrested mental and physical development is:

A) cretinism
B) dwarfism
C) gigantism
D) myxedema

Question 20

Which of the following glands secretes insulin?

A) adrenal
B) pancreas
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 21

Protrusion of the eyeballs is frequently associated with:

A) cretinism
B) hyperglycemia
C) hyperinsulinism
D) hyperthyroidism

Question 22

The clusters of cells within the pancreas that perform an endocrine function are the:

A) hypophyseal bodies
B) islets of Langerhans
C) pineal bodies
D) thyroxine cells

Question 23

A term for sugar in the urine is:

A) glycosuria
B) hyperglycemia
C) polydipsia
D) polyuria

Question 24

An abnormal condition characterized by marked protrusion of the eyeball is:

A) astigmatism
B) exophthalmos
C) hyperopia
D) myopia

Question 25

A general term that means increased release of a chemical substance by a gland is:

A) hyperglycemia
B) hypersecretion
C) hypoglycemia
D) hyposecretion

Question 26

Increased activity of the parathyroid glands is termed:

A) hyperparathyroidism
B) hyperthyroidism
C) polydipsia
D) polyuria

Question 27

A disease caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood is:

A) cretinism
B) diabetes insipidus
C) dwarfism
D) hypoparathyroidism

Question 28

In the term polyuria, the suffix -uria means :

A) frequent
B) growth
C) many
D) urination

Question 29

The hypophysis is also called the:

A) adrenal gland
B) pancreas
C) pituitary gland
D) thyroid gland

Question 30

A term for decreased activity of the parathyroid glands is:

A) hypoglycemia
B) hypoparathyroidism
C) hypophysis
D) hypothyroidism

Question 31

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A) kidney
B) hypophysis
C) pineal gland
D) testis

Question 32

Which of the following is a condition that results from hypofunction of the thyroid gland and is characterized by a dry, waxy swelling of the skin?

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) diabetes insipidus
D) myxedema

Question 33

Tumor of a gland is referred to as:

A) acromegaly
B) adenectomy
C) adenoma
D) adrenal

Question 34

An endocrine gland that can be palpated and examined in a physical examination is the:

A) adrenal
B) salivary gland
C) sweat gland
D) thyroid

Question 35

A general term for chemical substances that are discharged into the bloodstream and used in some other part of the body is:

A) ducts
B) endocrines
C) exocrines
D) hormones

Question 36

A term for a morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion is:

A) hyperglycemia
B) hyperparathyroidism
C) thyrotoxicosis
D) thyroxine

Question 37

The term for the organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are directed is:

A) hormone
B) neuron
C) pineal body
D) target organ

Question 38

An important female sex hormone that is made by the ovaries and acts on the female genitalia is:

A) adrenaline
B) androgen
C) epinephrine
D) estrogen

Question 39

A term for abnormally low blood sugar is:

A) hypoglycemia
B) hypoparathyroidism
C) hypophysis
D) hypothyroidism

Question 40

Three of the following statements are true and one is false. Which statement is false?

A) Some endocrine glands have the ability to manufacture chemical substances.
B) Some endocrine glands open onto an external body surface and discharge their secretions through ducts.
C) Some endocrine glands respond to hormones produced by the master gland.
D) Some hormones of the endocrine glands are released in response to the nervous system.

Question 41

In the term gonadotropin, the suffix -tropin means :

A) growth
B) stimulate
C) that which stimulates
D) urination

Question 42

A condition in which an abnormal stature is caused by increased secretion of growth hormone during childhood is:

A) acromegaly
B) exophthalmos
C) gigantism
D) myxedema

Question 43

A 62-year-old man needs to have the gland above his kidney removed. This surgery is called a(n):

A) adenectomy
B) adrenalectomy
C) parathyroidectomy
D) thyroidectomy

Question 44

Which of the following is a general term that means diminished release of a chemical substance by a gland?

A) hyperglycemia
B) hypersecretion
C) hypoglycemia
D) hyposecretion

Question 45

Gigantism results as excessive amounts of which hormone are secreted by the pituitary gland?

A) adrenaline
B) androgen
C) growth hormone
D) thyroxine

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true concerning the parathyroid glands?

A) They are attached by a stalk at the base of the brain.
B) They are attached to the anterior part of the brain.
C) They are located near the thyroid.
D) They are the same as the thyroid gland.

Question 47

Decreased thyroid activity is referred to as:

A) euthyroid
B) hyperthyroidism
C) hypoparathyroidism
D) hypothyroidism

Question 48

A 31-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a portable battery-operated instrument that delivers a measured amount of insulin through the abdominal wall and delivers doses of insulin according to the body's needs. This instrument is called:

A) a hypoglycemia pump
B) a hyperglycemia pump
C) an insulin pump
D) islets of Langerhans

Question 49

A patient exhibits exophthalmos and tests indicate an increased activity of the gland located in the neck. Which if the following medicines may be an effective intervention?

A) antidiuretics
B) antithyroid drugs
C) cortisone
D) thyroxine

Question 50

A patient has a problem with frequent urination. Which type of hormone can be administered to suppress the formation of urine?

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) antithyroid hormone
C) cortisone
D) thyroxine

Question 51

Adrenals, testicles, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas, and thyroid are all examples of _____ glands.

A) endocrine
B) exocrine
C) mesocrine
D) reproductive

Question 52

In the term gonadotropic, the suffix -tropic means :

A) origin
B) ovaries or testes
C) secrete
D) stimulate

Question 53

A patient underwent a hypophysectomy to remove a tumor that was causing:

A) hypoparathyroidism
B) hypophysis
C) hypopituitarism
D) hypothyroidism

Question 54

A general term for surgical excision of a gland is:

A) adenectomy
B) pancreatectomy
C) parathyroidectomy
D) thyroidectomy

Question 55

The pineal gland is:

A) a cluster of cells in the pancreas
B) a cluster of cells in the thyroid
C) attached by a stalk to the pituitary gland
D) attached to the posterior part of the brain

Question 56

Which hormone is associated with the endocrine gland located in the neck?

A) adrenaline
B) androgen
C) cortisone
D) thyroxine

Question 57

In the term myxedema, the prefix myx or myxo means :

A) increased
B) male or masculine
C) mucus
D) secrete

Question 58

A 56-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes takes oral medication to manage her blood sugar. The medicine is referred to as a(n):

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) glucose-lowering agent
C) hypoglycemia
D) insulin

Question 59

A 24-year-old man has a disorder associated with a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH. This disorder is:

A) diabetes insipidus
B) diabetes mellitus
C) hypopituitarism
D) hyposecretion

Question 60

In the term hypophysis, the suffix -physis means :

A) above
B) below
C) growth
D) secretion

Question 61

Epinephrine is synonymous with _____.

Question 62

Which surgical intervention is indicated for a patient with decreased growth hormone that was caused by a pituitary tumor?

A) adenectomy
B) adrenalectomy
C) hypophysectomy
D) lobectomy

Question 63

Tumor of a gland is referred to as a(n) _____.

Question 64

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in children can lead to gigantism, whereas it can lead to _____ in adults if secreted after maturity.

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) dwarfism
D) myxedema

Question 65

_____ is defined as increased blood sugar.

Question 66

A(n) _____ is the surgical removal of a gland.

Question 67

Excision of the pituitary is called a(n) _____.

Question 68

_____ is the term describing normal thyroid function.

Question 69

Increased thirst can be indicative of both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. The term for this symptom is:

A) hyperdipsia
B) hyperuria
C) polydipsia
D) polyuria

Question 70

Sugar in the urine is called _____.

Question 71

A patient with type 1 diabetes inadvertently administered too much insulin. Which of the following is the biggest concern for this patient?

A) glycosuria
B) hyperglycemia
C) hypoglycemia
D) hypoinsulinism

Question 72

Increased thirst is called _____.

Question 73

A(n) _____ is the removal of the thyroid gland.

Question 74

Which hormone increases blood pressure and cardiac output to produce the "fight or flight" response?

A) adrenaline
B) androgen
C) cortisone
D) thyroxine

Question 75

A 36-year-old woman is diagnosed as having an abnormal endocrine condition characterized by hyperactivity of any of the four small glands located in the neck. This disease is termed:

A) hyperparathyroidism
B) hyperthyroidism
C) hypoparathyroidism
D) hypothyroidism

Question 76

What is the name of the rice-sized glands that are located near another endocrine gland in the neck?

A) euthyroid
B) parathyroid
C) hypothyroid
D) thyroid

Question 77

Islets of Langerhans are _____ cells that perform an endocrine function.

A) adrenal
B) parathyroid
C) pancreatic
D) thyroid

Question 78

Which of the following terms indicates an increased production of a hormone by the pancreas?

A) hyperglycemia
B) hypoglycemia
C) hyperinsulinism
D) hypoinsulinism

Question 79

Results of a urinalysis indicate glycosuria. What was found in the urine?

A) blood
B) hormone
C) protein
D) sugar

Question 80

Frequent urination is referred to as _____.