Deck 38: Antibiotics Part 1

Question 1

The nurse is reviewing the sputum culture results of a patient with pneumonia and notes that the patient has a gram-positive infection. Which generation of cephalosporin is most appropriate for this type of infection?

A) First-generation
B) Second-generation
C) Third-generation
D) Fourth-generation

Answer 1

First-generation

Question 2

A patient is admitted with a fever of 102.8° F ( 39.3° C ), origin unknown. Assessment reveals cloudy, foul-smelling urine that is dark amber in color. Orders have just been written to obtain stat urine and blood cultures and to administer an antibiotic intravenously. The nurse will complete these orders in which sequence?

A) Blood culture, antibiotic dose, urine culture
B) Urine culture, antibiotic dose, blood culture
C) Antibiotic dose, blood and urine cultures
D) Blood and urine cultures, antibiotic dose

Answer 2

Blood and urine cultures, antibiotic dose

Question 3

The nurse is preparing to use an antiseptic. Which statement is correct regarding how antiseptics differ from disinfectants?

A) Antiseptics are used to sterilize surgical equipment.
B) Disinfectants are used as preoperative skin preparation.
C) Antiseptics are used only on living tissue to kill microorganisms.
D) Disinfectants are used only on nonliving objects to destroy organisms.

Answer 3

Disinfectants are used only on nonliving objects to destroy organisms.

Question 4

During antibiotic therapy, the nurse will monitor closely for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction. Which of these assessment findings may be an indication of a hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.)

A) Wheezing
B) Diarrhea
C) Shortness of breath
D) Swelling of the tongue
E) Itching
F) Black, hairy tongue

Question 5

The nurse is monitoring a patient who has been on antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks. Today the patient tells the nurse that he has had watery diarrhea since the day before and is having abdominal cramps. His oral temperature is 101° F ( 38.3° C ). Based on these findings, which conclusion will the nurse draw?

A) The patient's original infection has not responded to the antibiotic therapy.
B) The patient is showing typical adverse effects of antibiotic therapy.
C) The patient needs to be tested for Clostridium difficile infection.
D) The patient will need to take a different antibiotic.

Question 6

A patient will be having oral surgery and has received an antibiotic to take for 1 week before the surgery. The nurse knows that this is an example of which type of therapy?

A) Empirical
B) Prophylactic
C) Definitive
D) Resistance

Question 7

A patient will be receiving penicillin G potassium, 12 million units daily in divided doses every 4 hours IVPB. How many units will the patient receive for each dose?

Question 8

A patient has a urinary tract infection. The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?

A) Macrolides
B) Carbapenems
C) Sulfonamides
D) Tetracyclines

Question 9

When reviewing the allergy history of a patient, the nurse notes that the patient is allergic to penicillin. Based on this finding, the nurse would question an order for which class of antibiotics?

A) Tetracyclines
B) Sulfonamides
C) Cephalosporins
D) Quinolones

Question 10

A patient is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling "anxious" and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?

A) Notify the prescriber.
B) Take the patient's vital signs.
C) Stop the antibiotic infusion.
D) Check for allergies.

Question 11

The nurse is reviewing the medication history of a patient who will be taking a sulfonamide antibiotic. During sulfonamide therapy, a significant drug interaction may occur with which of these drugs or drug classes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Opioids
B) Oral contraceptives
C) Sulfonylureas
D) Antihistamines
E) phenytoin (Dilantin)
F) warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 12

A patient will be receiving amoxicillin suspension 300 mg via a gastrostomy tube every 8 hours. The medication comes in a bottle that contains 400 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer with each dose? (Record answer using one decimal place.)

Question 13

The nurse is monitoring for therapeutic results of antibiotic therapy in a patient with an infection. Which laboratory value would indicate therapeutic effectiveness of this therapy?

A) Increased red blood cell count
B) Increased hemoglobin level
C) Decreased white blood cell count
D) Decreased platelet count

Question 14

During drug therapy for pneumonia, a female patient develops a vaginal superinfection. The nurse explains that this infection is caused by

A) large doses of antibiotics that kill normal flora.
B) the infection spreading from her lungs to the new site of infection.
C) resistance of the pneumonia-causing bacteria to the drugs.
D) an allergic reaction to the antibiotics.

Question 15

A patient with a long-term intravenous catheter is going home. The nurse knows that if he is allergic to seafood, which antiseptic agent is contraindicated?

A) chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens)
B) hydrogen peroxide
C) povidone-iodine (Betadine)
D) isopropyl alcohol

Question 16

When reviewing the medication orders for a patient who is taking penicillin, the nurse notes that the patient is also taking the oral anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin). What possible effect may occur as the result of an interaction between these drugs?

A) The penicillin will cause an enhanced anticoagulant effect of the warfarin.
B) The penicillin will cause the anticoagulant effect of the warfarin to decrease.
C) The warfarin will reduce the antiinfective action of the penicillin.
D) The warfarin will increase the effectiveness of the penicillin.

Question 17

During drug therapy with a tetracycline antibiotic, a patient complains of some nausea and decreased appetite. Which statement is the nurse's best advice to the patient?

A) "Take it with cheese and crackers or yogurt."
B) "Take each dose with a glass of milk."
C) "Take an antacid with each dose as needed."
D) "Drink a full glass of water with each dose."

Question 18

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient taking an oral tetracycline antibiotic. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

A) "Avoid direct sunlight and tanning beds while on this medication."
B) "Milk and cheese products result in increased levels of tetracycline."
C) "Antacids taken with the medication help to reduce gastrointestinal distress."
D) "Take the medication until you are feeling better."