Deck 1: What Is Human Sexuality

Question 1

When looking at Canadian society and sexuality, one of the most notable changes in the Canadian mosaic is

A)an increase in liberal attitudes since the early 90s.
B)the dramatic increase in the proportion of visible minorities.
C)the addition of a variety of less conservative sexual practices.
D)the significant increase of mixed marriage-i.e., marriage between people of different ethnicities.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Imagine that a researcher wanted to examine the relationship between sexual behaviour and unsafe sexual practices among recent immigrants to Australia. Canadian research by Zhou suggests that an important predictor of risky sexual practices would be

A)the willingness to openly discuss sexuality.
B)a formal education in sexual health issues.
C)high levels of exposure to pornography.
D)the strength of gender role endorsement.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Some Canadians have their male children circumcised at a young age. Some immigrants to Canada disagree with this practice on the grounds that children cannot consent to the procedure. This is an example of how immigrants and those born in Canada may differ in their

A)ethics.
B)gender roles.
C)values.
D)education.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When examining sexual attitudes within societies that have greater gender equality, we would expect to find that

A)sexual pleasure is viewed as being as important for women as it is for men.
B)many women will view sex as a marital duty to their husbands.
C)sexual activity is driven by reproductive goals, rather than by pleasure.
D)overall, sexual satisfaction will be lower than in other societies.

Question 5

Ling is an immigrant to Canada from China. Considering the findings from a 1996 study by Health Canada, "Ethnocultural Communities Facing AIDS," Ling is likely to endorse the idea that

A)men should be virgins before marriage.
B)homosexual people should be accepted.
C)women can and should be sexually assertive.
D)men do not have to be faithful to their wives.

Question 6

Liu is a male university student who came to Canada from China. Considering Brotto's research on differences between students from European-Canadian versus Asian backgrounds, Liu is more likely than a European-Canadian student to report

A)low rates of erectile dysfunction.
B)ample previous sexual experience.
C)low levels of sexual satisfaction.
D)relatively liberal sexual attitudes.

Question 7

The discipline that examines cross-cultural similarities and differences in sexual behaviour is

A)medicine.
B)anthropology.
C)psychology.
D)sociology.

Question 8

In a study conducted at the University of Windsor with a visiting researcher from Iran, it was found that immigrants from Iran

A)were fearful of having their children exposed to sexuality from the Canadian media.
B)believed Canadian society allowed them to maintain their traditional marriage system.
C)felt Canadian society would allow their children to grow up in a safe sexual environment.
D)felt that the Canadian media would have minimal impact on their children's sexual value system.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of gender roles?

A)Anatomical differences between male and female sexual anatomy
B)Cultural expectations that males, but not females, initiate sexual contact
C)Political freedom to self-identify as heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual
D)Taboos prohibiting male-male or female-female sexual activities

Question 10

Imagine two relatively isolated populations on opposite sides of the world. An anthropologist finds that one population is relatively sexually conservative, whereas the other population endorses personal sexual freedom. What factor might account for the differences in sexual attitudes and behaviours between these two populations?

A)Latitude
B)Nutrition
C)Culture
D)Biology

Question 11

In which of the following scenarios would sex be considered a leisure activity, according to Meaney and Rye?

A)Julie voluntarily engages in sex with a casual acquaintance.
B)Frank has sex with his wife because he feels it is his obligation.
C)David is a sex worker who accepts both male and female clients.
D)Emma has had sex in exchange for money on only one occasion.

Question 12

A cultural belief among youth in Kenya is that waiting too long after puberty to have sex will result in

A)a male losing the capacity to impregnate a woman.
B)a female losing her desire to become a mother.
C)chronic premature ejaculation.
D)an increased likelihood of developing a bisexual or homosexual identity.

Question 13

In order to understand the complexity of factors influencing sexual attitudes and behaviours in Canada, it is of primary importance to be aware of

A)the diversity within Canadian society.
B)human evolution.
C)the structuring of political systems.
D)the differences between Canada and the United States.

Question 14

According to a New Brunswick study, approximately what percentage of university students defined oral-genital contact as having sex?

A)10%
B)20%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 15

Meaney and Rye argue that learning about one's own sexual likes and dislikes can lead to

A)sexual self-actualization.
B)a greater probability of conception.
C)sexual selfishness.
D)more frequent masturbation.

Question 16

When comparing Canada to the United States with respect to sexual attitudes and behaviours, it is important to

A)take into account social and demographic differences.
B)focus on similarities before differences.
C)also consider attitudes and behaviours in other English-speaking countries.
D)consider differences in the structure of government.

Question 17

When it comes to sexual activities, children of immigrant parents in Canada

A)tend to leave their traditional cultural value systems and adopt the values of Canadian society.
B)are more likely to participate in risky behaviour due to limited education.
C)tend to be very similar to Canadian children of the same age.
D)often get caught in a cultural clash between the traditional values of their parents and the more permissive values of Canadian society.

Question 18

According to a New Brunswick study, which of the following activities would be considered "having sex" by the majority of university students?

A)Farah engages in oral-genital contact with a male, but does not orgasm.
B)Jacob manually stimulates his own genitals, which results in orgasm.
C)Sarah has penile-anal intercourse with a member of the opposite-sex.
D)Nolan touches the genitals of another man, although he is heterosexual.

Question 19

A leading organization in Canada that promotes sexuality research and education is

A)the Sex Information and Education Council of Canada.
B)the Canadian Association of Sex Educators, Counsellors and Therapists.
C)the Canadian Society for the Study of Sexuality.
D)the Canadian Association of Sexual Health Promotion.

Question 20

Jafir participates in oral-genital contact with a sex partner. According to a New Brunswick study, he is more likely to consider this behaviour as "having sex" if

A)the act is followed by an orgasm.
B)it is his first sexual experience.
C)the other participant is female.
D)it precedes other sexual acts.

Question 21

The Hebrew bible permitted

A)polygamy.
B)incest.
C)homosexual relations.
D)adultery.

Question 22

Which perspective on human sexuality allows us to place sexual behaviour in context and informs us whether certain behaviours are just trends?

A)The historical perspective
B)The biological perspective
C)The evolutionary perspective
D)The cross-cultural perspective

Question 23

Imagine a hypothetical country where it is illegal to have sex without a condom, on the grounds that sexually transmitted infections pose a health risk to the population at large. Which ethical framework does this example most closely reflect?

A)Community
B)Sovereignty
C)Divinity
D)Autonomy

Question 24

Research described in the textbook indicates that Canadians are somewhat more liberal than Americans with respect to

A)pornography/same-sex marriage.
B)premarital sex/same-sex marriage.
C)polygamy/contraception.
D)pornography/contraception.

Question 25

When looking at issues related to sex and politics, Canadian politicians have largely maintained a separation between religion and state. The document that provides support for this approach is

A)the Statistics Canada Census.
B)the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
C)the Criminal Code of Canada.
D)the Parliament Act.

Question 26

When people think critically, they

A)remain skeptical of any behaviour differing from their own.
B)maintain an open mind.
C)criticize abnormal behaviour.
D)are being narrow-minded.

Question 27

Which of the following recent political changes suggests that the United States may be less sexually conservative than it once was?

A)Presidential support for same-sex marriage
B)The elimination of abstinence-only programs
C)Increased federal spending on HIV research
D)State-level funding for abortion services

Question 28

The textbook examines multiple perspectives on human sexuality because

A)scientists have not yet established which perspective is most valid.
B)no single perspective on sexuality captures all of its nuances.
C)each perspective is incompatible with at least one other.
D)biological perspectives cannot explain any aspect of sexual behaviour.

Question 29

Knowledge of paternity is believed to have developed around

A)2000 BCE.
B)5000 BCE.
C)7000 BCE.
D)9000 BCE.

Question 30

A friend tells Salima that if she starts the birth control pill too early, she could eventually become infertile. If Salima uses the principles of critical thinking, she will

A)accept what her friend told her.
B)challenge what she was told and evaluate the premises of the information and its logic.
C)not begin taking the birth control pill and wait until new information is published.
D)agree with the statement as it is a commonly held belief.

Question 31

If you wanted to conduct a study of how Canadians differ from Americans on the issue of same-sex marriage, an important factor to consider would be how Canada and the United States differ in the importance given to

A)religion.
B)economics.
C)adoption.
D)television.

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of polygamy?

A)A woman divorces her first husband and then marries another man.
B)A man has two children, and each child is from a different mother.
C)A man is married to three different women at the same time.
D)A brother and sister get married to each other in adulthood.

Question 33

Maticka-Tyndale and Smylie argue that a potentially effective approach to promoting the sexual rights of people around the world is to focus on

A)broader international human rights commitments.
B)developing global protocols for condom distribution.
C)promoting sexual rights on a country-by-country basis.
D)linking international aid to an agreement to grant sexual rights.

Question 34

Which of the following initiatives by Stephen Harper's Conservatives reflect a Canadian governmental shift toward more conservative values concerning sexuality?

A)Lowering the age of sexual consent from 16 to 14
B)Reduced funding for abortions in developing countries
C)Abolishing the separation of church and state in Canada
D)Increasing the budget for sexual health education programs

Question 35

Ling wants to wait until she is married to have sex, because her religion prohibits premarital sex. According to Meaney and Rye, which ethical framework is this an example of?

A)Community
B)Autonomy
C)Divinity
D)Pluralism

Question 36

If Hans concludes that it is OK for him to satisfy his own sexual needs as long as it does not interfere with the rights of others, he is using the ethics of

A)autonomy.
B)divinity.
C)phenomenology.
D)community.

Question 37

In the Stone Age, emphasis on the female reproductive role might have signified

A)male superiority within the culture.
B)ignorance of the male's contribution to reproduction.
C)an agrarian society.
D)a prehistoric division of labour.

Question 38

Janice believes that sex partners should be honest with each other about their sexual histories, and should also take equal responsibility for safe sex practices. According to sociologist Ira Reiss, Janice's beliefs reflect the concept of

A)utilitarianism.
B)sexual pluralism.
C)individuality.
D)gender roles.

Question 39

Phallic worship may have begun as

A)women's roles became more subservient.
B)people grew aware of the male role in reproduction.
C)religious ceremonies gained precedence.
D)men hunted wild animals.

Question 40

Peggy Kleinplatz and Stanley Krippner believe that sexual relations can be more fulfilling when they incorporate

A)music.
B)sex toys.
C)spirituality.
D)liberal attitudes.

Question 41

The ancient Greeks viewed men and women as

A)heterosexual.
B)bisexual.
C)homosexual.
D)androgynous.

Question 42

In the Hindu doctrine of karma, sexual fulfillment was regarded as

A)leading to reincarnation at a lower level of existence.
B)one way to become reincarnated at a higher level of existence.
C)not affecting reincarnation.
D)a way to increase one's chances of being reincarnated.

Question 43

Which of the following statements best characterizes the status of women in Greek society?

A)They did not have many rights, but they had more rights than slaves.
B)They were educated if their husbands were high-ranking officials.
C)They were allowed to take part in economics and could hold public office.
D)They were subject to the authority of male next-of-kin or their husbands.

Question 44

The ancient Hebrews viewed sex as a fulfilling experience intended to satisfy the divine injunction to be

A)spiritual.
B)fruitful and multiply.
C)loved.
D)physically active.

Question 45

In ancient Greek culture, pederasty involved

A)sexual activity between an adult male and a prepubescent boy.
B)sexual intercourse between an adult male and his daughters.
C)sexual activity between two adult males.
D)sexual activity between an adult male and an adolescent boy.

Question 46

Which of the following historical perspectives promoted a positive view of homosexuality?

A)The ancient Hebrews
B)The Victorians
C)The ancient Romans
D)The Hindus

Question 47

Abdul believes that men should be able to marry as many women as they desire, but that each woman should have only one husband. This is an example of

A)regional variation in morals.
B)utilitarian concepts of sex.
C)a sexual double standard.
D)an ethical appeal to culture.

Question 48

The Islamic tradition encourages

A)husbands and wives to separate sexual pleasure from procreation.
B)sexual fulfillment in marriage.
C)oral sex among married couples.
D)married couples to keep their eyes closed during love making.

Question 49

Early Christian views on sexuality were largely shaped by

A)Julius Caesar and Homer.
B)Aristotle and Socrates.
C)Moses and Jesus.
D)Saint Paul and Saint Augustine.

Question 50

If you were in ancient Rome, as opposed to Greece, which would be true regarding male-male sexual behaviour?

A)The behaviour would be acceptable if both men were adults.
B)The behaviour would be viewed as a threat to the Roman family and Roman women.
C)The behaviour would be acceptable if you were a member of the lower class.
D)The behaviour would be viewed as a threat to masculinity.

Question 51

Greeks believed that their gods

A)never had sexual relations.
B)had sex only with mortals.
C)could not have sex with mortals.
D)had sex with each other and could seduce mortals.

Question 52

To evaluate the credibility of sexuality and sexual health information on a website, it is a good idea to

A)not be concerned with how the website is organized.
B)give considerable weight to the anecdotes provided on the site.
C)take into account its Google ranking.
D)check out who is responsible for creating the site.

Question 53

The incest taboo that discourages sexual intercourse between close blood relatives

A)was strictly applied to royal families.
B)was disregarded in ancient Egypt.
C)can be found in all human societies.
D)was first established by the ancient Hebrews.

Question 54

The first detailed sex manual was produced by the

A)Japanese.
B)Chinese.
C)Hindus.
D)Christians.

Question 55

Hebrew wives who committed adultery could be punished by

A)imprisonment.
B)a penance.
C)a stiff fine.
D)death.

Question 56

Aphrodite was the goddess of

A)lesbian love.
B)prostitution.
C)carnal love.
D)sexual modesty.

Question 57

Which of the following ideas most influenced early Christian views of sexuality?

A)Jesus's idea that love and tolerance are paramount in human relations
B)Augustine's idea that sexual lust began with the original sin of Adam and Eve
C)Paul's idea that it was better to marry than to burn
D)Moses's idea that sex is reserved for procreation alone

Question 58

The ancient Hebrews and early Christians were similar because both

A)sought to restrict sex to marriage.
B)practised polygamy.
C)believed that marriage was inferior to celibacy.
D)viewed sex as sinful.

Question 59

To Taoist masters of China, masturbation was

A)equally acceptable for men and women.
B)seen as a way to develop sexual skills.
C)acceptable for women.
D)considered a healthy way to relax the mind.

Question 60

Modern Western culture may be thought of as considerably more sexually liberal than other cultures in the past. Which of the following historical cultures' sexual attitudes and practices most challenges that view?

A)The Victorians
B)The Early Christians
C)The Hindus
D)The Protestant Reformers

Question 61

During the Victorian era, women were commonly believed to be

A)naturally bisexual.
B)privately very interested in sex.
C)easily aroused by pornography.
D)uninterested in sex.

Question 62

The theory that the sex drive is our principle motivating force was developed by

A)Havelock Ellis.
B)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Alfred Kinsey.

Question 63

When looking at the history of desire, Professor Shorter from the University of Toronto found that

A)sex was seen as an adventure.
B)sex for pleasure was common even under religious prohibition.
C)aspects of everyday life, such as poor hygiene, poor diet, etc., put a damper on sexual desire.
D)lack of privacy did not hamper desire and sexual activity.

Question 64

Malinowski found the Trobriander society less anxiety-ridden than the Amphett Islander society. This was attributed to differences in

A)location.
B)sexual orientation.
C)sexual freedom.
D)ratio of boys to girls.

Question 65

In his studies of sexuality, Havelock Ellis concluded that homosexuality

A)could be altered with therapeutic approaches adapted from Freud.
B)was a symptom of a more generalized pathology.
C)was caused by a lack of discipline in early childhood.
D)was a naturally occurring variation within the range of normal sexuality.

Question 66

The first large-scale scientific study of sexual behaviour was conducted by

A)Masters and Johnson.
B)Alfred Kinsey.
C)D. H. Lawrence.
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.

Question 67

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, it was widely believed that

A)sexual activity promoted better health.
B)sexual activity drained men of fluids essential to health.
C)women derived great pleasure from sexual activity.
D)frequent intercourse helped maintain health.

Question 68

According to Ford and Beach's survey of 200 preliterate societies, kissing was

A)common but not universal.
B)a part of sexual activity in all societies.
C)common only in societies with written languages.
D)a part of sexual activity in about a quarter of societies.

Question 69

Doris wants to reduce her strong sexual desire. Which of the following would the Reverend Sylvester Graham, inventor of the Graham cracker, recommend to lower her sexual desire?

A)A bland diet
B)Silent prayer
C)Cold baths
D)Epsom salts

Question 70

Which of the following statements is the most accurate reflection of views on gender and sexual orientation in Aboriginal culture?

A)Dominant, assertive men may be either heterosexual or homosexual.
B)Transgendered men and women are accepted and viewed positively.
C)Women may be both nurturing mothers and strong group warriors.
D)Non-heterosexual men are typically rejected from leadership roles.

Question 71

Biology overrides environmental influences and is the only important factor in sexual behaviour.

Question 72

When examining the gender gap in casual sex, researchers at the University of Guelph found that

A)most women reported a definite desire to engage in casual sex.
B)men and women strongly desire casual sex in equal numbers.
C)casual sex is desired by a higher number of men than women.
D)neither men nor women want to engage in casual sex.

Question 73

The Rev. Sylvester Graham, inventor of the Graham cracker, believed that a diet high in whole grains helped

A)young women become more fertile.
B)young women to have orgasms.
C)young men to last longer during sex.
D)young men to control their sex drive.

Question 74

According to Ford and Beach's survey of 200 preliterate societies, childhood masturbation was

A)condemned or ignored in all societies.
B)condemned in some societies but ignored or encouraged in others.
C)either strongly condemned or strongly encouraged in all societies.
D)encouraged in all societies.

Question 75

Margaret Mead's research laid the groundwork for research

A)on cross-cultural infertility problems.
B)on extramarital affairs.
C)on challenging gender-role stereotypes.
D)on homosexual orientation.

Question 76

Which of the following correctly summarizes a conclusion of the cross-species perspective on sexuality?

A)Foreplay is a uniquely human behaviour.
B)Sexual behaviour is more directly controlled by instinct among lower mammals compared to higher mammals.
C)Humans are the only species to have sex in a variety of coital positions.
D)Male-male and female-female sexual behaviour is found only in humans.

Question 77

As we move up the evolutionary ladder,

A)the sexual behaviours of humans become more and more similar to those of other animals.
B)instincts become increasingly more important in determining sexual behaviour.
C)experience and learning play increasingly more important roles in sexual behaviour.
D)the social behaviour of animals and humans becomes remarkably similar.

Question 78

The sexual revolution of the 1960s reflected

A)social ambivalence and political liberalism.
B)social permissiveness and political conservatism.
C)social permissiveness and political liberalism.
D)social ambivalence and political cohesiveness.

Question 79

Compare the similarities and differences between Canada and the United States and how they affect sexual attitudes and behaviours.

Question 80

Describe how the religious right has a greater influence on laws related to sexuality in the United States as compared to Canada.