Deck 4: Sexual Arousal and Response

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Primary erogenous zones are rich in nerve endings.
B)Primary erogenous zones are learned through experience.
C)Primary erogenous zones produce the same response in all humans.
D)Primary erogenous zones are learned through association with sexual stimulation.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The placebo effect may explain why some people experience enhanced sexual arousal with the consumption of

A)oysters.
B)arginine.
C)amyl nitrate.
D)L-dopa.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An aphrodisiac is a

A)drug that causes an erection in the male.
B)substance that increases sexual pleasure and response.
C)treatment for erectile dysfunction.
D)substance that reduces sexual responsiveness.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What does research suggest about the effect of pheromones on the behaviour of men and women?

A)Pheromones increase the frequency of masturbation for both men and women.
B)Pheromones stimulate men's sexual behavior.
C)Pheromones enhance men's sexual attractiveness to their partners.
D)Pheromones affect sexual receptiveness but not moods.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between sexual orientation and body odours?

A)Heterosexual males are attracted to the body odours of both heterosexual and gay men.
B)Gay men are attracted to the body odours of heterosexual men.
C)Lesbians are more attracted to the body odours of heterosexual men than the odours of gay men.
D)Heterosexual females are attracted to the body odours of both lesbians and gay men.

Question 6

Four undergraduate women living in a house together notice that they are all menstruating during the same week. This might be caused by exposure to one another's

A)axillary sweat.
B)menstrual blood.
C)vaginal secretions.
D)nasal secretions.

Question 7

What is potassium nitrate?

A)An aphrodisiac
B)An anaphrodisiac
C)An antihypertensive
D)A tranquilizer

Question 8

Which of the following is not a primary erogenous zone?

A)The anus
B)The breasts
C)The lower back
D)The inner thighs

Question 9

Tamara purchases a custom perfume made from her own underarm secretions. According to research on pheromones, what behavioural effects might she experience?

A)Post-copulatory dietary preferences for carbohydrates
B)A reduction in the length of her menstrual cycle
C)An increase in the amount of sex she has with her mate
D)Negative interactions with women unrelated to her

Question 10

Vashna is going on a date and wants to appear sexually attractive to her date. Considering research on visual stimulation, which of the following would you recommend she do?

A)Forego cosmetics
B)Wear a red dress
C)Curl her hair
D)Use dark make-up

Question 11

A "popper" is

A)a drink made from yohimbe bark.
B)a raw oyster.
C)an ampoule of amyl nitrate.
D)a drink made from reindeer horn.

Question 12

Viagra was originally developed as a treatment for

A)ulcers.
B)enlarged prostate.
C)angina.
D)depression.

Question 13

Which is true regarding the sense of smell?

A)It is the most powerful of the five senses in sexual arousal.
B)The aversion to body odour is a culturally conditioned response.
C)All societies find the odour of genital secretions to be offensive.
D)The use of soaps and perfumes to mask body odours increases sexual attractiveness.

Question 14

The most potent chemical aphrodisiac is

A)Viagra.
B)testosterone.
C)arginine.
D)alcohol.

Question 15

In pheromone research with heterosexual men, which of the following has been a typical result?

A)Men masturbated more frequently.
B)Men had sexual intercourse more frequently.
C)The pheromones directly stimulated sexual behaviour.
D)The pheromones directly affected behaviour.

Question 16

Which statement is true regarding visual cues in human sexual arousal?

A)Both men and women can become sexually aroused by visual stimuli.
B)Men are much more sexually aroused by visual stimuli than women.
C)Women are more visually oriented than men.
D)Visual stimuli do not play an important role for either men or women.

Question 17

Erogenous zones are

A)parts of the body that are especially sensitive to tactile sexual stimulation.
B)genital areas.
C)genital areas plus the buttocks.
D)non-genital areas that cause stimulation like ears, inner thighs, etc.

Question 18

According to research on the reasons why people have sex, Jennifer is more likely than Ryan to have sex

A)for her partner's sexual self-esteem.
B)to communicate positive emotions.
C)because the opportunity presented itself.
D)in exchange for material or monetary goods.

Question 19

Decreases in the rhinoceros population can be partially attributed to myths about the aphrodisiac properties of their

A)testicles.
B)horns.
C)hooves.
D)tails.

Question 20

Which statement is true regarding pheromones?

A)All pheromones have aphrodisiac qualities.
B)The smell of pheromones can only be detected by members of the same species.
C)In humans, the vomeronasal organs (VNOs)are found in the mucous lining of the nose.
D)Sensitivity to pheromones is acquired in adulthood.

Question 21

Hypogonadism is a condition in which the

A)testes produce an overabundance of testosterone.
B)testes or ovaries produce an overabundance of sex hormones.
C)ovaries do not produce enough estrogen.
D)testes produce low levels of testosterone.

Question 22

Which is true regarding female hormones?

A)Estrogen plays a vital role in sex drive but progesterone does not.
B)Adequate levels of both estrogen and progesterone are required to activate sexual interest.
C)Progesterone plays the more important role in a female's sex drive and response.
D)Neither estrogen nor progesterone plays a role in sex drive or response.

Question 23

Daniel is very nervous about his first sexual experience. To loosen up, his friends suggest that he buy a six-pack of beer and drink it before his date arrives. You disagree. Which explanation should you give Daniel?

A)Alcohol will only increase his sexual inhibitions.
B)Alcohol will simply increase his anxiety.
C)Alcohol will increase the incidence of premature ejaculation.
D)Large amounts of alcohol will impair sexual response.

Question 24

Because of testicular cancer, Sean had to have both testes removed. As a result of the surgery, he can expect

A)little change in sexual desire.
B)a sudden and dramatic decrease in his ability to achieve or maintain an erection.
C)a gradual decrease in sexual desire and performance.
D)no decrease in sexual desire but a dramatic increase in his ability to achieve an erection.

Question 25

Claire feels more sexually aroused after drinking wine. This is because alcohol

A)contains chemicals that increase testosterone.
B)is the only aphrodisiac used cross-culturally.
C)can have disinhibitory effects on behaviour.
D)facilitates central nervous system arousal.

Question 26

Trevor's physician has just prescribed a tranquilizer to help Trevor cope with an anxiety disorder. One of the more common side effects Trevor might experience is

A)reduced levels of testosterone.
B)decreased sexual drive.
C)premature ejaculation.
D)heightened sexual desire.

Question 27

Which is not an example of an anaphrodisiac?

A)Antiandrogen
B)Prozac
C)Nicotine
D)Arginine

Question 28

Two drugs that do have aphrodisiac effects are

A)amyl nitrate and Viagra.
B)bupropion and L-dopa.
C)Prozac and Tofranil.
D)nicotine and alcohol.

Question 29

In experiments with rats, courting and mounting behaviour increased when researchers stimulated the

A)hypothalamus.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)cerebellum.
D)reticular activating system.

Question 30

Substances secreted by endocrine glands are called

A)neurotransmitters.
B)enkephalins.
C)hormones.
D)stimulants.

Question 31

Which part of the brain helps determine whether sensory information is a sexual turn-on or turn-off?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Cerebral cortex
C)Thalamus
D)Medulla

Question 32

Which is not an example of an amphetamine?

A)LSD
B)Speed
C)Crystal meth
D)Cocaine

Question 33

Two psychoactive drugs widely believed to have aphrodisiac effects are

A)nicotine and alcohol.
B)amphetamines and antidepressants.
C)cocaine and alcohol.
D)barbiturates and caffeine.

Question 34

Drugs that have aphrodisiac effects work by directly affecting

A)respiration.
B)blood flow to the genital region.
C)brain receptors for dopamine.
D)blood flow to the heart.

Question 35

Which statement is true regarding sex hormones?

A)Sex hormones act on the body and exert little influence over the brain.
B)Prenatal sex hormones differentiate the genitalia and brain structures of males and females.
C)Sex hormones determine the differentiation of gonads but do not play a role in sexual orientation.
D)Prenatal sex hormones directly influence adult sexual behaviour.

Question 36

When sex hormones influence the type of sexual behaviour that is expressed, it is called

A)a directional effect.
B)an organizational effect.
C)a situational effect.
D)an activating effect.

Question 37

Ahsan has been surgically castrated and has since experienced a slow decline in his sexual interest. Which of the following methods would best counteract this side effect?

A)Transdermal estrogen patches
B)A prescription for Viagra
C)Cognitive behavioural therapy
D)Testosterone injections

Question 38

Calvin thinks that using marijuana might increase the quality of his sexual experiences. Which of the following should Calvin know about marijuana and male sexuality?

A)Marijuana use can increase men's sex drive but it can also inhibit erectile function.
B)Chronic marijuana use is the leading cause of erectile dysfunction in young adult males.
C)Consuming marijuana has no measureable effect on sexual functioning or arousal.
D)Men who consume small amounts of marijuana may have difficulty achieving orgasm.

Question 39

Which statement about alcohol is false?

A)Large amounts can increase sex drive.
B)It lowers sexual inhibitions.
C)It can reduce sexual potency.
D)It reduces central nervous system activity.

Question 40

Cheryl takes the antidepressant imipramine. Her physician is careful to explain that she might experience

A)decreased vaginal lubrication.
B)hot flashes.
C)lack of sexual desire.
D)decreased sexual inhibition.

Question 41

Mia is listening to a sexually explicit audiobook. According to research by Chivers and colleagues, which of the following is most likely to describe Mia's sexual response?

A)Mia will experience a higher level of genital arousal if the story involves friends rather than strangers.
B)Mia would report more subjective sexual arousal in response to stories involving women versus men.
C)Like most women, Mia will not be genitally or subjectively aroused by sexually explicit audio material.
D)Whether the story focuses on male or female actors will influence Mia's subjective, but not genital, arousal.

Question 42

The period following orgasm, in which the body returns to its pre-aroused state, is called the

A)final phase.
B)rest phase.
C)resolution phase.
D)relaxation phase.

Question 43

What propels ejaculate through the urethra and out of the body?

A)Relaxation of the vas deferens and prostate gland
B)Contraction of the external sphincter of the bladder
C)Contractions of the muscles surrounding the urethral bulb and base of the penis
D)Contractions of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland

Question 44

Peter and Jane are having sex. According to Masters and Johnson, which of the following would indicate that Jane has reached the plateau phase?

A)A reddish rash located on the chest
B)Diffuse, rhythmic muscle contractions
C)A lightening in colour of the labia majora
D)The onset of vaginal lubrication

Question 45

Some researchers have noted that a woman's sexual activity increases at points in the menstrual cycle when

A)estrogen levels are high.
B)androgen levels in the bloodstream are high.
C)both progesterone and estrogen levels are high.
D)progesterone levels in the bloodstream drop.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of sexual concordance?

A)Kelly is a homosexual female who only has sex with women she is attracted to.
B)When Maria and her husband Jose have sex, they reach orgasm at the same time.
C)Amal feels sexually aroused and becomes erect when he views pornography.
D)Cari experiences clitoral and vaginal orgasms each time she has sexual intercourse.

Question 47

The term "refractory period" refers to the

A)relaxation and drowsiness that follows orgasm and leads to sleep.
B)period when vasocongestion and myotonia dissipate.
C)post-orgasmic period when men no longer respond to sexual stimulation.
D)period where both men's and women's bodies return to a pre-aroused state.

Question 48

The second phase of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is the plateau phase and consists of

A)ejaculation, for males.
B)contractions in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and prostate gland.
C)an advanced state of arousal.
D)the first signs of erection or vaginal lubrication.

Question 49

Orgasm in the female results in contractions of the

A)vaginal barrel, uterus, and anal sphincter.
B)uterus and cervix.
C)vaginal barrel and urethral bulb.
D)uterus and urethra.

Question 50

The "sex flush" is

A)a darkening of the labia to a deep wine colour.
B)more pronounced in women.
C)the dilation of the capillaries in the skin.
D)the flow of blood to the vaginal area during sexual stimulation.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is false regarding the orgasmic phase?

A)It consists of three distinctive phases.
B)In males it consists of muscular contractions.
C)The internal sphincter of the urinary bladder contracts preventing seminal fluid from entering the bladder in a backward, retrograde ejaculation.
D)In the second stage, the external sphincter of the bladder relaxes, allowing the passage of semen.

Question 52

Sari has had surgery to remove her adrenal glands and ovaries. What side effects might she experience after the surgery?

A)A slow decline in sexual desire
B)A graduate increase in sex drive
C)An inability to reach orgasm
D)Reduced orgasm intensity

Question 53

In females, vasocongestion swells the clitoris, flattens the labia majora, and increases the size of the ______ in the excitement phase.

A)labia minora
B)clitoral hood
C)uterus
D)perineum

Question 54

According to research by Chivers, which of the following statements best captures the relationship between sexual arousal and sexual orientation?

A)Biological sex is a better predictor of sexual arousal than is sexual orientation.
B)Bisexuality more accurately reflects patterns of genital than subjective sexual arousal.
C)Sexual orientation is a relatively poor predictor of sexual arousal patterns in men.
D)Men's sexual orientation predicts arousal in response to male versus female actors.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is false regarding the effects of ovariectomies?

A)Women usually experience a loss of sexual desire.
B)Women no longer produce female sex hormones.
C)Vaginal dryness may make intercourse painful.
D)Angdrogens continue to be produced.

Question 56

In the sexual response cycle, myotonia refers to

A)increased respiration.
B)elevated blood pressure.
C)dilation of the blood vessels.
D)muscle tension.

Question 57

Which of the following is an indication that a male is in the plateau phase?

A)Erection occurs.
B)The scrotal skin thickens.
C)The Cowper's gland secretes a few drops of fluid.
D)Seminal fluid collects in the urethral bulb.

Question 58

Jorge is a 50-year-old male who is unable to orgasm until 24 hours have passed since his last ejaculation. This is an example of

A)the resolution phase.
B)a refractory period.
C)erectile dysfunction.
D)delayed onset myotonia.

Question 59

The research of Meredith Chivers (2007) on sexual arousal indicates that

A)women are more flexible than men in terms of which gender arouses them.
B)men become aroused more quickly than women.
C)women are not as responsive as men to sexually explicit materials.
D)level of sexual activity depicted in videos was more important for men than for women.

Question 60

According to Masters and Johnson, which of the following is not a phase in the sexual response cycle?

A)Foreplay
B)Plateau
C)Orgasm
D)Resolution

Question 61

A "dry orgasm"

A)is an orgasm where a woman fails to ejaculate fluid from the Skene's glands.
B)is an orgasm produced through masturbation rather than vaginal intercourse.
C)is a series of uterine orgasms resulting from deep intravaginal penetration.
D)is a male orgasm that occurs without ejaculation.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a stereotype associated with people with intellectual disabilities?

A)They are excessively sexual.
B)They are asexual.
C)They cannot control their sex drive.
D)They are bisexual.

Question 63

The menstrual cycles of women who live together tend to synchronize.

Question 64

The brain is a primary erogenous zone.

Question 65

People with developmental disabilities may display inappropriate sexual behaviour because

A)they can't control their sexual urges.
B)they can't understand socially accepted standards and rules regarding sexuality.
C)sexual education has encouraged an interest in sexual matters.
D)they lack education about sexuality and appropriate social conventions.

Question 66

Barbara has arthritis. She may be limited to

A)certain types of coital positions.
B)the use of a diaphragm for contraception.
C)non-coital intimacy.
D)having infrequent sexual activity.

Question 67

A study of the relationship between body odour and sexual orientation found that gay men preferred the scent of other gay men to that of heterosexual men.

Question 68

Most women with spinal cord injuries can

A)engage in intercourse, become pregnant, and deliver vaginally.
B)engage in intercourse and become pregnant, but cannot deliver vaginally.
C)engage in intercourse, but cannot become pregnant.
D)engage in intercourse, but only become pregnant in rare cases.

Question 69

Canadian researchers Mah and Blink (2002) studied university students to determine what characteristics were common to human experience of orgasm. Their findings supported a two-dimensional model of the psychological experience of orgasm. The two dimensions were

A)sensory and emotional.
B)physical and sensory.
C)cognitive-affective and physical.
D)sensory and interpersonal.

Question 70

Jodie is a homosexual female who has only ever had sex with women. According to Freud, Jodie has been unable to

A)reach sexual maturity.
B)resolve the oral stage.
C)experience orgasms.
D)integrate her id and ego.

Question 71

There is evidence that perspiration from one female dabbed on the lips of another directly stimulates sexual response.

Question 72

The brain is not an erogenous zone because it is not stimulated directly by touch.

Question 73

Researchers in Quebec (Courtois et al. 2007) found that

A)some vibrators are better than others in helping men with spinal cord injuries ejaculate.
B)men with spinal cord injuries report vibratory stimulation of the A-spot.
C)ejaculation is impossible with a vibrator in men with spinal cord injuries.
D)men with spinal cord injuries cannot achieve erections.

Question 74

In terms of sexual responsiveness and performance, cerebral palsy

A)may limit types of sexual activity and positions.
B)causes infertility.
C)decreases sexual interest and desire.
D)impairs the ability to achieve orgasm.

Question 75

When studying men with spinal cord injuries, researchers note that

A)many are still able to ejaculate naturally.
B)about 75% are able to achieve erection.
C)only 50% still produce semen.
D)25% have received a penile implant.

Question 76

Arthur is a paraplegic who injured his spine in a boating accident. The nerves affected were just above the lumbar region. In terms of sexual response, Arthur

A)will never be able to achieve an erection.
B)is still capable of achieving psychogenic and reflexive erections.
C)will only be able to achieve psychogenic erections.
D)will only be able to achieve reflexive erections.

Question 77

Which of the following is not one of the five factors that Margaret Nosek and colleagues have identified as being essential for sexual wellness?

A)Positive self-concept
B)Knowledge about sexuality
C)Long-term, monogamous relationships
D)Maintenance of good general health and sexual health, within personal limitations

Question 78

Rosemary Basson (2001), a Vancouver therapist, developed an intimacy-based model of female sexual response. She argues that her model is especially relevant for

A)women with sexual dysfunctions.
B)single men.
C)women in long-term relationships.
D)men having issues around intimacy.

Question 79

Describe the terms "aphrodisiac" and "anaphrodisiac," and give two examples of each.

Question 80

Kaplan's model of sexual response best captures women's sexual experience.