Deck 19: Commercial Sex

Question 1

Throughout recorded history, the major motive for prostitution has been

A)economic.
B)sexual pleasure.
C)the procurement of drugs.
D)unusual sexual acts.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Streetwalkers tend to come from

A)poverty and unhappy childhoods.
B)religious parents.
C)small towns.
D)educated backgrounds.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Prostitution has been referred to as

A)the best job in the world.
B)a religious calling.
C)the world's oldest profession.
D)the easiest job in the world.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Melissa Farley and her colleagues reported two-thirds of the prostitutes they interviewed had

A)abusive fathers.
B)grown up with a lot of siblings.
C)very creative personalities.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 5

Historically, prostitution has been traced back as far as

A)Victorian England.
B)cave dwelling hominids.
C)the Middle Ages.
D)ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 6

The only state in the United States where prostitution is legal (in some counties) is

A)Nevada.
B)Alaska.
C)Hawaii.
D)Maine.

Question 7

The type of prostitutes who are most likely to face violence in their work are

A)brothel workers.
B)call girls.
C)streetwalkers.
D)Mustang Ranch workers in Nevada.

Question 8

In Kinsey's studies, approximately what percentage of White males reported visiting a prostitute at least once?

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)65%

Question 9

In their interviews with prostitutes, Farley and her colleagues (1998) found that nearly two-thirds could be diagnosed with

A)a sexual addiction.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)narcissistic personality disorder.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Question 10

Pimps typically provide a streetwalker with

A)a car.
B)a secret identity.
C)protection and clients.
D)All of the above

Question 11

Sex as commerce includes which of the following?

A)strip clubs.
B)streetwalkers.
C)cybersex.
D)All of the above

Question 12

What type of prostitution earns the lowest income?

A)Call girls
B)Streetwalkers
C)Escorts
D)Massage parlor workers

Question 13

By definition, prostitution is the exchange of sexual services for

A)money.
B)drugs.
C)valued objects.
D)Any of the above

Question 14

Some prostitutes die young from

A)drug abuse.
B)disease.
C)suicide.
D)All of the above

Question 15

In Kinsey's sample, visits to prostitutes were higher among

A)men over age 50.
B)non-college-educated men.
C)men under age 18.
D)married men over age 25.

Question 16

The most common service requested by clients of streetwalkers is

A)vaginal sex.
B)oral sex.
C)anal sex.
D)a hand job.

Question 17

In the hierarchy of prostitution, the bottom rung of the ladder goes to

A)escorts.
B)brothel workers.
C)streetwalkers.
D)massage parlor workers.

Question 18

A "fluffer" is

A)a prostitute who is notorious for being willing to satisfy her/his clients.
B)a prostitute willing to engage in paraphilic behaviors.
C)a prostitute in the porn industry who keeps male actors aroused.
D)a prostitute who is obese.

Question 19

Prostitution is illegal everywhere in the United States EXCEPT in

A)New York City.
B)the San Francisco Bay area.
C)some rural counties of Nevada.
D)some southern counties of Texas.

Question 20

In surveys of the mental health of streetwalkers, researchers typically find which of the following?

A)Streetwalkers show high frequencies of abuse, assault, and symptoms of PTSD.
B)Streetwalkers rarely show signs of mental illness or psychological distress.
C)Although some streetwalkers show signs of mental distress, most negotiate their dealings with clients with few problems and leave the life when they have made enough money to support themselves.
D)Streetwalkers typically show high job satisfaction and desire to continue their trade until they can no longer support themselves through sex work.

Question 21

The clients of prostitutes are often called

A)pimps.
B)gigolos.
C)johns.
D)hardies.

Question 22

Some men who are compulsive users of prostitution suffer from a stereotyped view of women known as the

A)paraphilic female-roled disorder.
B)sex-slave complex.
C)Oedipus complex.
D)whore-madonna complex.

Question 23

Most male prostitutes service

A)older, wealthy women.
B)young, bored housewives.
C)gay men.
D)middle-aged, wealthy, married women.

Question 24

The highest status on the social ladder of prostitution goes to

A)hotel prostitutes.
B)bar prostitutes.
C)brothel workers.
D)call girls.

Question 25

All of the following are reasons cited in the text for utilizing a prostitute, EXCEPT

A)you can have sex without negotiation.
B)you can test your sexual identity.
C)you can obtain sexual variety.
D)you can have sex with no commitment.

Question 26

Which of the following reasons is NOT one cited by prostitution clients for why they seek out sex with prostitutes?

A)They are curious about sex with various females.
B)They want to improve their sexual skills so as to become better lovers.
C)They need to satisfy a strong sex drive.
D)They are lonely.

Question 27

Call girls are not only expected to provide sex but also

A)charming and gracious company.
B)soothing massage.
C)business connections.
D)All of the above

Question 28

Which type of prostitute is generally well-educated, provides conversation and companionship, and generally accompanies her client on "dates"?

A)Streetwalker
B)Call girl
C)Massage parlor prostitute
D)Brothel prostitute

Question 29

In the business of prostitution, "Johns" refer to

A)pimps.
B)customers.
C)pornographic web sites.
D)male prostitutes.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a reason prostitutes could feel "trapped" into remaining prostitutes?

A)They want to run their own business.
B)They lack the training to find other forms of work.
C)They are often supporting children and have bills to pay.
D)They are living in extreme poverty and see no way out.

Question 31

In the United States and Canada, many initiates into prostitution are

A)teenage runaways.
B)drug dealers.
C)college dropouts.
D)young single mothers.

Question 32

Today the brothel has largely been replaced by

A)cat houses.
B)massage parlors.
C)streetwalkers.
D)bar prostitutes.

Question 33

In some Third World countries, daughters of poor families may enter sex work

A)purposefully in order to support their families.
B)by having their parents sell them to recruiters.
C)after running away from the impoverished conditions of their homes.
D)in order to elevate their social status from poverty.

Question 34

Which type of prostitute generally works on her own?

A)Streetwalker
B)Brothel worker
C)Escort
D)Call girl

Question 35

Prostitutes who work for escort services typically come from

A)backgrounds involving physical or sexual abuse.
B)lower-class families with little education.
C)middle-class backgrounds and are well-educated.
D)upper-class families but are not well-educated.

Question 36

All of the following is a motive for using prostitution, EXCEPT

A)sex for eroticism and variety.
B)sex without commitment.
C)sex without negotiation.
D)sex as a dirty secret.

Question 37

Which is not a place of prostitution?

A)Joy house
B)Bordello
C)Tea group
D)Cat wagon

Question 38

The typical clients of prostitutes in the United States are

A)men over 55.
B)young, unmarried teen boys.
C)poor, black teen boys.
D)middle to upper class, educated, married men.

Question 39

Which characterizes the most typical customer of prostitutes?

A)Low-class single men
B)Middle-class single men
C)Middle-class married men
D)Low-class married men

Question 40

Men who are classified as "habitual" Johns use prostitutes

A)as their major or exclusive sexual outlet.
B)because they desire novelty or sexual variety.
C)to meet specific fetishes.
D)as an outlet for their transvestism.

Question 41

The word "prurient" means to

A)seek artistic expression.
B)be sexually explicit.
C)be obscene.
D)excite lust.

Question 42

In defining pornography as "writing, pictures, etc., intended to arouse desire," the most problematic word is

A)desire.
B)intended.
C)arouse.
D)etc.

Question 43

The majority of male prostitutes describe themselves as

A)gay.
B)heterosexual.
C)bisexual.
D)unsure about their sexual orientation.

Question 44

In 1873, the anti-obscenity bill passed by the United States Congress was called the

A)Roth Act.
B)Comstock Act.
C)Miller Act.
D)Stanley Act.

Question 45

"Sex trafficking" typically refers to

A)the forcing of children or young adults into sex work, often in conditions of slavery.
B)prostitution on street corners or in the street.
C)the sale of sex for money.
D)the work of call girls in major metropolitan areas.

Question 46

Baral et al. (2012) found that worldwide rates of HIV infection in prostitutes was

A)disproportionately low.
B)disproportionately high.
C)the same as the general population.
D)lower in areas where prostitution was illegal.

Question 47

The major motive cited by male sex workers is typically

A)money.
B)desire for frequent sex.
C)desire for kinky sex.
D)a need to feel loved.

Question 48

Legislative bodies usually write laws about ________ rather than pornography.

A)obscenity
B)prostitution
C)language
D)homosexuality

Question 49

Among male sex workers, the entry point into sex work

A)is after abduction and abuse by a pedophile.
B)occurs after being kicked out of their home for being gay.
C)is typically a choice and is associated with fewer family disturbances and difficulties than with female sex workers.
D)typically comes after a life of drug abuse.

Question 50

Which of the following pieces of evidence is cited in the text as evidence given in support of legalizing prostitution?

A)Prostitutes, as adults, can give informed consent for the decision to enter a life of prostitution.
B)Toleration of prostitution within a country will not be likely to reduce the market for sex slaves worldwide.
C)Not one case of HIV has been reported to have been transmitted in regulated U.S. brothels.
D)Rates of STI transmission in the Netherlands are high.

Question 51

The average age of a hustler is

A)14.
B)18.
C)21.
D)26.

Question 52

Which of the following books was once considered obscene in the United States?

A)The Wizard of Oz
B)Treasure Island
C)Huckleberry Finn
D)Oliver Twist

Question 53

In cities and states where prostitution is illegal,

A)police focus on the clients, not the prostitutes.
B)buying sex is against the law.
C)the person buying sex faces far stiffer penalties than does the prostitute.
D)selling sex is against the law, but buying sex is not.

Question 54

The Comstock Act regulated obscene materials by

A)banning obscene materials from entering (and thus leaving)printing presses.
B)banning obscene materials from supermarkets, department stores, and barber shops.
C)regulating what could be mailed through the U.S. postal service.
D)regulating the sales and distribution of obscene materials by requiring a federal stamp on all such materials, which the government never printed.

Question 55

In the 1960s, approximately what percentage of prostitutes surveyed by Gebhard had contracted syphilis or gonorrhea?

A)10%
B)35%
C)65%
D)90%

Question 56

Pornographic material that includes very graphic or sexually explicit depictions of sexual acts is commonly classified as

A)soft-core pornography.
B)moderate pornography.
C)explicit pornography.
D)hard-core pornography.

Question 57

In a recent survey of prostitutes in Miami, Florida, ________ of the prostitutes tested positive for HIV.

A)5%
B)12%
C)22%
D)54%

Question 58

One of the major contributing factors to the spread of HIV in Africa is

A)male-male oral sex with prostitutes.
B)male-female sexual intercourse with prostitutes.
C)the high rate of STIs other than HIV in the male population of Africa.
D)male-male anal sex with prostitutes.

Question 59

Unlike female prostitutes, male prostitutes

A)engage in a wider variety of sexual behaviors.
B)are happier in their jobs.
C)sell their services primarily to the same sex, males.
D)charge far less.

Question 60

Historically, legalizing prostitution leads to

A)increased tax revenue.
B)safer settings for prostitutes.
C)safer settings for clients.
D)All of the above

Question 61

In the late 1960s, some feminists attempted (unsuccessfully) to join forces with ____________ in an attempt to try to ban pornography.

A)the Moral Majority
B)the American Civil Liberties Union
C)the Supreme Court
D)the Libertarian Party

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a concern cited in response to the Meese Commission findings?

A)Critics fought against recommendations that child pornography be made a felony.
B)Critics noted that the commission failed to distinguish between violent materials and sexually explicit materials.
C)Critics argued that the findings were not the final authority on the matter.
D)Critics contend that the commission over-generalized laboratory-based findings.

Question 63

In the 1960s, the first congressional commission on Obscenity and Pornography found that

A)pornography was basically harmless, and Congress enacted resolutions based on the commission's recommendations.
B)pornography was basically harmless, but the commission's report was rejected on political grounds.
C)pornography caused violence and should be banned.
D)pornography caused violence, but the commission's report was rejected due to pressure from lobbyists.

Question 64

The First Amendment protections for pornography have been extended to all of the following, EXCEPT

A)to produce materials.
B)to be free from governmental regulations on pornography.
C)to act in pornographic media.
D)to possess or own pornographic materials.

Question 65

In the NHSLS study, how many men had purchased an X-rated video in the past year?

A)16%
B)23%
C)50%
D)62%

Question 66

Approximately what percentage of Internet visits are directed to sexually oriented websites, chatrooms, or newsgroups?

A)One-tenth
B)One-third
C)Half
D)Three-fourths

Question 67

A recent study found what proportion of all college students in the U.S. had used the Internet for some kind of sexual purpose?

A)About one tenth
B)About one third
C)About half
D)About three quarters

Question 68

In the NHSLS study, how many women had purchased an X-rated video in the past year?

A)2%
B)11%
C)18%
D)30%

Question 69

In Stanley v. Georgia, the United States Supreme Court ruled that

A)the possession of child pornography is illegal.
B)sexual material is obscene if it lacks any serious literary or artistic value.
C)communities could determine what is obscene based on community standards.
D)the possession of obscene material in one's home is not illegal.

Question 70

In 1986, the Meese Commission claimed to find

A)that the incidence of violent pornography was decreasing in the United States.
B)no evidence that exposure to pornography led to sexual offenses.
C)a causal link between exposure to violent pornography and sexual violence.
D)a causal link between violent pornography and non-sexual criminality.

Question 71

Which statement is True regarding male or female reactions to pornography?

A)Men, but very few women, are physiologically aroused by pornography.
B)Men tend to rate romantic scenes as more arousing.
C)Both women and men are physiologically aroused by pornography.
D)Women are more accepting of pornography that is very sexually explicit.

Question 72

People in the United States are typically introduced to pornography during their

A)elementary school years.
B)middle school years.
C)high school years.
D)college years.

Question 73

Which of the following most accurately describes feminist views on pornography?

A)Feminists believe all pornography is degrading to women.
B)Some feminists are strong advocates against pornography, while other feminists are not.
C)Feminists embrace pornography as the sphere in which women can objectify men equally.
D)Feminist theories of pornography place the burden of proof of no-harm on the producer of the materials.

Question 74

The increasingly easy availability of pornography can be traced to

A)cable television.
B)Megan's Law.
C)facebook.
D)the Internet.

Question 75

The 1973 Supreme Court case of Miller v. California was significant for setting which standard in regards to defining obscenity?

A)It set the standard for determining obscenity based on "community standards" and a lack of literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
B)It set the standard for determining obscenity as materials intended to appeal to prurient interest.
C)It set the standard for determining obscenity as material that would be devoid of value to a reasonable person, as opposed to the average person.
D)It set the standard that materials in one's private home were not illegal.

Question 76

In Roth v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that portrayal of sexual activity was

A)illegal.
B)legal as long as it was not offensive.
C)protected by the Fifth Amendment.
D)protected by the First Amendment.

Question 77

The quote, "the proper inquiry is not whether an ordinary member of any given community would find serious literary, artistic, or political values in allegedly obscene material, but whether a reasonable person would find value in the material..." is taken from the United States Supreme Court case of

A)Pope v. Illinois.
B)Miller v. United States.
C)Roth v. United States.
D)Stanley v. Georgia.

Question 78

Sexually explicit material that is not obscene is called

A)library porn.
B)titillation press.
C)pornography.
D)erotica.

Question 79

The 1973 Supreme Court decision relating to obscenity allows which group to define what is obscene?

A)the federal government
B)state governments
C)local governments
D)international governments

Question 80

Research into the correlation between sex offenders and their viewing of pornography is

A)conclusively positive.
B)conclusively negative.
C)mixed.
D)based on laboratory findings.