Deck 5: The State

Question 1

"Sovereignty" is

A) the idea that all nations should be states.
B) the idea that the power potential of a state defines how it can act in the international system.
C) the idea that there is a coincidence between state and nation.
D) the authority of a nation to define its own state.
E) the authority of a state to govern matters that are within its own borders.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

"National self-determination" is

A) the idea that states should respect other cultures.
B) the idea that only certain cultures can make up a state.
C) the idea that people of the same nation have the right to determine how and under what conditions they should live.
D) the idea that states should incorporate many different cultures.
E) the idea that the state defines what makes up a nation.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A state is a group of people who share a common set of characteristics such as a common language or culture, while a nation is a geographically defined entity with a stable population and a government diplomatically recognized by others.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Different states with different cultures have different styles of negotiating.

Question 5

While ethnonationalist movements challenge the state, they have never been labeled as terrorists because of the legitimacy of their claims.

Question 6

Palestine was upgraded from an observer entity to an observer state in the UN General Assembly.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Realists believe states have a clear national interest.
B) Liberals believe states have a clear national interest.
C) Radicals believe states have a clear national interest.
D) Constructivists believe states have a clear national interest.
E) Idealists believe states have a clear national interest.

Question 8

To which theory of international relations is the concept of power most important?

A) realism
B) liberalism
C) radicalism
D) constructivism
E) behavioralism

Question 9

Which of the following has "nationalism," the belief that nations should form their own states, led to?

A) the break-up of Germany in the nineteenth century
B) the formation of Turkey to represent the nation of the Kurds
C) the unification of Italy in the nineteenth century
D) the formation of India to represent one nation
E) the creation of Russia in the post-Soviet era to represent one nation

Question 10

According to radicals, states have few choices in terms of how foreign policy is made. The economic imperatives of capitalism must be heeded.

Question 11

For which of the following two international relations theories is the state paramount?

A) realism and constructivism
B) realism and idealism
C) constructivism and idealism
D) constructivism and radicalism
E) realism and liberalism

Question 12

A nation is

A) a group of people who share a common history, language, and lifestyle.
B) any group of people living within a particular state's borders.
C) a group of people considered patriots within their own country.
D) one of the legal criteria for a state.
E) the same thing as a state.

Question 13

Globalization, transnational crime, and ethnonational movements all strengthen the state today more than ever before.

Question 14

Which of the following is required for an entity to be considered a state?

A) It must be diplomatically recognized by other states.
B) It must have a population greater than 1 million people.
C) It must have a democratic government.
D) Its people must share a common history.
E) Its people must be considered a "nation."

Question 15

In a state,

A) there is a congruence between state and nation.
B) there is no congruence between nation and state.
C) the state encompasses many nations.
D) the nation occupies many states.
E) the country is composed of a number of smaller areas coordinated together by the central government.

Question 16

Liberals believe there is a uniform national interest in terms of strategic commodities such as oil: states always desire stability of availability and price.

Question 17

Which of the following is a nation that is not a state?

A) United States
B) Danes
C) Kurds
D) Ottoman Empire
E) Canada

Question 18

While geography, population, and natural resources are important sources of state power, they are not the only ones. Intangible factors such as a positive national image and good leadership can increase state power as well.

Question 19

Most states are failing to control transnational crimes such as smuggling, counterfeiting, and money laundering, thereby undermining their own sovereignty.

Question 20

Using IR theory, it is easy to recognize which groups of people form a state and which groups do not.

Question 21

Power can be described as

A) the ability to control outcomes.
B) focused on only by realist international relations theory.
C) unidimensional.
D) non-dynamic.
E) working in the same way, regardless of the situation.

Question 22

The "two-level game" of international negotiation refers to

A) the fact that states must often negotiate not only with an opponent state, but third-party states as well.
B) the fact that bargaining occurs between states as well as between state negotiators and their various domestic constituencies.
C) when diplomatic negotiations are also coupled with economic statecraft.
D) when diplomatic negotiations are also coupled with the use of force.
E) the use of a mediator in negotiations.

Question 23

Intangible power ingredients include

A) national image, public support, and leadership.
B) natural resources, public support, and industrial capacity.
C) geography, military capability, and national image.
D) public support, leadership, and geography.
E) leadership, national image, and population.

Question 24

An example of the realist interpretation of the state with regard to natural resources is

A) the fact that the state's policy toward natural resources reflects the interests of the capitalist owner classes.
B) the desire of a state to create a "level playing field" for different actors in the oil market.
C) the fact that states pay little attention to material resources.
D) the desire of a state to guarantee the stability and availability of natural resources such as oil.
E) the desire of the state to focus on the interest of exporters of natural resources.

Question 25

Being "credible" in a negotiation refers to

A) having more power than one's opponents.
B) having less power than one's opponents.
C) using economic statecraft in addition to negotiating.
D) using force in addition to negotiating.
E) being able to make believable statements.

Question 26

Which international relations theory pays most attention to intangible material sources of power?

A) realism
B) radicalism
C) constructivism
D) liberalism
E) idealism

Question 27

"Soft power" is

A) the ability to influence others by using natural sources of power.
B) the ability to influence others by using tangible sources of power.
C) the ability to exert national self-determination.
D) the ability to influence others by using economic statecraft.
E) the ability to influence others by setting an example of values and/or policies viewed as legitimate.

Question 28

A state's power potential depends on its natural sources of power, the most important of which are

A) natural resources, industrial development, and public support.
B) geography, natural resources, and population.
C) industrial development, national image, and public support.
D) geography, industrial development, and leadership.
E) national image, public support, and leadership.

Question 29

How do constructivists characterize the national interest?

A) There is one objective national interest based on material considerations.
B) National interests are socially constructed and constantly changing.
C) There is one single socially constructed national interest that is fixed.
D) There is one national interest identical to the interests of the capitalist class.
E) There are several national interests based on material considerations.

Question 30

________ diplomacy involves trying to create an overall image that enhances a state's ability to achieve its objectives.

A) Two-level
B) Realist
C) Public
D) Sanctions
E) Open

Question 31

Constructivists argue that sources of power include

A) money and influence.
B) international organizations.
C) ideas and language.
D) multinational corporations.
E) friends and relatives.

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a tangible source of power?

A) a charismatic national leader
B) a reputation as a neutral nation
C) a highly developed industrial economy
D) strong domestic support for the national government
E) a large amount of territory

Question 33

An example of positive sanctions would be

A) freezing a target state's assets.
B) boycotting goods and services of a target state.
C) granting most favored nation status to a target state.
D) closing domestic markets to products from a target state.
E) blacklisting companies that conduct business in a target state.

Question 34

For liberals, the state is

A) a pluralist arena involving contending interests.
B) guided by a clear national interest.
C) an agent of the capitalist class.
D) an imaginary construct.
E) narrowly defined in terms of power.

Question 35

Which of the following activities is an example of public diplomacy?

A) the national security adviser trying to improve the U.S. image by appearing on the Arabic TV network, Al Jazeera
B) the U.S. secretary of defense briefing foreign leaders
C) conducting an opinion poll
D) using public funds to lobby foreign governments
E) holding a televised summit of foreign leaders

Question 36

Realists believe the state is a sovereign, ________ actor.

A) national
B) autonomous
C) capitalist
D) fungible
E) societal

Question 37

"Smart power" is

A) using soft power to influence others.
B) using hard power to influence others.
C) using a combination of hard and soft power to influence others.
D) using economic statecraft to influence others.
E) using military statecraft to influence others.

Question 38

Radicals believe that a state's behavior reflects

A) economic goals.
B) multiple identities.
C) a single national interest based on security.
D) the will of the workers.
E) a desire to spread communism.

Question 39

Which of the following is True of the liberal view of diplomacy?

A) Liberals believe that the goals of states are too conflictual for diplomacy to work.
B) Liberals believe that diplomacy cannot work without the use of economic statecraft.
C) Liberals believe that diplomacy cannot work without the use of force.
D) Liberals believe that diplomacy can work without the use of economic statecraft or force.
E) Liberals believe that diplomacy will not work because capitalist elites will prevent states from working together to solve problems.

Question 40

Placing an arms embargo on Sudan beginning in 2004 because of its treatment of its citizens is an example of

A) a deterrence strategy.
B) public diplomacy.
C) negative sanctions.
D) positive sanctions.
E) diplomatic negotiations.

Question 41

A "fragile state" is one that

A) no longer exists.
B) loses its seat at the United Nations.
C) has a budget deficit.
D) has recently changed government types.
E) is unable to perform one of its vital functions.

Question 42

The rational model of foreign policy decision making

A) is the worst model that can be applied in times of crisis.
B) conceives of national governments as choosing policies that maximize their strategic objectives.
C) is only applicable if a state has a democratic government.
D) takes into account organizational procedures.
E) has been adopted by virtually every Western country.

Question 43

Which of the following is True of Islamic fundamentalism?

A) There are divides between different groups, but those divides are not theological.
B) The sectarian division between Shiites and Sunnis has never become political in nature.
C) They all support the same strategies for reaching their end goal.
D) The Muslim religion is the only religion with extremist groups.
E) They all believe that political and social authority should be based in the Koran.

Question 44

Constructivists argue that foreign policy decisions are based on which two factors?

A) rational thinking and bureaucratic interactions
B) rational thinking and leaders' interpretation of salient international norms
C) bureaucratic interactions and leaders' interpretation of salient international norms
D) bureaucratic interactions and the country's strategic culture
E) the country's strategic culture and leaders' interpretation of salient international norms

Question 45

What does the democratic peace theory posit?

A) Democracies are more peaceful than other regime types.
B) All nondemocratic governments are war prone.
C) Democracies are less likely to fight each other than nondemocracies.
D) Democracies are the most domestically stable governments, and are thus prone toward peace.
E) Democracies rarely have large armies, and are thus prone toward peace.

Question 46

The bureaucratic/organizational model and pluralist model of decision-making are highlighted by which theoretical perspective?

A) realism
B) liberalism
C) radicalism
D) constructivism
E) idealism

Question 47

When decisions are made to satisfy the most different constituents without alienating any, they are said to be decisions that

A) rationalize.
B) satisfice.
C) organize.
D) bureaucratize.
E) pluralize.

Question 48

The fight over trade policy formation that takes place within the government between the ministries of agriculture, industry, and labor illustrates which foreign policy model at work?

A) rational
B) bureaucratic/organizational
C) realist
D) pluralist
E) radical

Question 49

Which of the following statements about ethnonational movements is correct?

A) All ethnonational movements use violence.
B) Ethnonational movements only challenge strong states.
C) All ethnonationalist movements have the same goal: to form their own state.
D) Even the strongest states can face challenges from ethnonationalist movements.
E) The conflict over Kashmir between India and Pakistan is not due to ethnonationalist sentiments.

Question 50

The growing integration of the world in terms of politics, economics, and culture is known as

A) sovereignty.
B) globalization.
C) diplomatic expansionism.
D) transnationalism.
E) compellence.

Question 51

Force (and the threat of force) is central to ________ thinking.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) radicalist
D) constructivist
E) diplomatic

Question 52

What is required to make compellence and deterrence effective?

A) States need to have strong economies.
B) States need to have the willingness and ability to follow through with their commitments.
C) States need to have good defenses.
D) States need to have nuclear weapons.
E) States need to have charismatic leaders.

Question 53

Deterrence is a strategy that

A) is more effective for small states than for large states.
B) ultimately requires the use of force.
C) involves a commitment by one state to punish another state if it takes an undesired action.
D) works even if states lack the capacity to follow through with their commitments.
E) seldom requires a clear communication of objectives.

Question 54

Globalization has

A) made the bureaucratic model of decision making inapplicable to international affairs.
B) prevented leaders from using the rational model of decision making.
C) challenged the state as the primary actor in international affairs.
D) reinforced traditional state sovereignty.
E) grown from the Montevideo Convention.

Question 55

________ is the use (or threat) of force to get a target state to do something or to undo something it has done.

A) Diplomacy
B) Compellence
C) Sanctions
D) Deterrence
E) Invasion

Question 56

How do radicals believe states determine their foreign policies?

A) by relying on game theory
B) as a result of bureaucratic politics
C) by following the economic imperatives of the dominant class
D) by compromising among competing economic interest groups
E) by relying on precedent and standard operating procedures

Question 57

When decisions heavily depend on precedent and major changes are unlikely, decision makers are likely to be following

A) a standard operating procedure.
B) the rational model of decision making.
C) public diplomacy.
D) a two-level negotiation.
E) compellence.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is True about transnational crime?

A) Transnational crime does not pose a challenge to state sovereignty.
B) States have been largely incapable of responding effectively.
C) States themselves do not actively participate in transnational criminal activities.
D) Transnational crime only occurs in failed states.
E) Transnational criminal activities have declined with the spread of globalization.

Question 59

A realist explanation for the democratic peace is that democratic states tend to

A) have leaders that are more peace-oriented.
B) share membership in many international institutions.
C) share similar norms.
D) trade more with each other.
E) belong to the same alliances.

Question 60

________ puts special emphasis on the use of diplomacy and less coercive aspects of power, while ________ believes it is necessary to resort to sanctions or force on a more regular basis.

A) Liberalism; realism
B) Realism; liberalism
C) Radicalism; liberalism
D) Realism; radicalism
E) Liberalism; constructivism

Question 61

State A has made a credible threat to invade its neighbor, State B. As an influential world leader, you have been asked to submit a proposal recommending a course of action to be taken by the coalition of states responding to the situation. Since the coalition has stated its opposition to the use of military force, your suggestions must rely on techniques of diplomacy and economic statecraft. Present a proposal that provides a series of specific actions that can be taken by the coalition.

Question 62

Do you think that the challenges of globalization, transnational movements, ethnonational movements, transnational crime, and failed states significantly limit state power and/or sovereignty? Provide an answer for each of these potential challenges, presenting an argument as to why you do or do not think that potential challenge represents a real challenge to states.

Question 63

Using your understanding of the key ingredients of state power potential-natural, tangible, and intangible-and supporting your position with specific examples, choose a country and present an argument for or against the following statement: "________ is a powerful state."

Question 64

Choose two of the four key theories of international relations and compare and contrast their view of the state. Based on your knowledge of these theories, why do you think these different conceptualizations of the state exist?

Question 65

State A is deciding whether or not to enter into a trade agreement with State B. Using any two of the three models of foreign policy decision making, present contrasting interpretations of State A's hypothetical decision making process.