Deck 9: An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Question 1

Classification is necessary to ______.

A)establish criteria for identifying organisms
B)arrange related organisms into groups
C)provide information on how organisms evolved
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Binomial nomenclature was originated by ______.

A)Louis Pasteur
B)Robert Koch
C)Hans Delbruck
D)Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The five kingdom system of classification was developed by _____.

A)Charles Darwin
B)Robert Hooke
C)Louis Pasteur
D)Robert Whittaker

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Organisms are generally classified according to _____.

A)cell size
B)evolutionary relationships
C)colony color
D)None of these choices

Question 5

Which of the following levels of classification would contain the greatest number of organisms?

A)Phylum
B)Order
C)Genus
D)Class

Question 6

Organisms in the same ________ are more closely related than are organisms in the same ________.

A)phylum, genus
B)class, order
C)family, phylum
D)phylum, order

Question 7

Which one of the following microorganisms was once called blue-green algae?

A)Mycoplasmas
B)Cyanobacteria
C)Chlamydiae
D)Rickettsia

Question 8

Which one of the following is a prokaryote without a cell wall?

A)Virus
B)Cyanobacterium
C)Mycoplasma
D)Rickettsia

Question 9

Which of the following organisms shows the proper use of binomial nomenclature?

A)escherichia coli
B)Escherichia Coli
C)Escherichia coli
D)escherichia Coli

Question 10

A bacterial strain contains _____.

A)several species
B)several families
C)a subgroup of a species with some of the same characteristics
D)a subgroup of a genus which have permanent genetic differences

Question 11

A strain is a subgroup of a _____.

A)phylum
B)class
C)family
D)species

Question 12

Which one of the following microorganisms has its own kingdom in the five-kingdom of classification?

A)Viruses
B)Algae
C)Bacteria
D)Fungi

Question 13

The correct order of taxonomic hierarchies (from most broad to most specific)is _____.

A)class, order, family, phylum
B)order, family, class, phylum
C)phylum, class, order, family
D)phylum, class, family, order

Question 14

Which of the following questions would not be a good choice for a dichotomous key?

A)Are the cells rod shaped?
B)Are the cells Gram negative?
C)Do the cells ferment glucose?
D)Where is the cell usually found?

Question 15

A tool used by biologist that involves asking a series of "either-or" questions which eventually leads to the identification of an organism is a/an _____.

A)species key
B)evolutionary tree
C)dichotomous key
D)binary chart

Question 16

In the name Escherichia coli,Escherichia refers to the ________ of the bacteria.

A)class
B)phylum
C)species
D)genus

Question 17

The science of classification is generally known as _____.

A)nomenclature
B)taxonomy
C)morphology
D)dichotomy

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason that bacteria cannot be classified in the same way as animals?

A)Some bacteria are not motile.
B)Bacteria do not reproduce sexually.
C)Bacteria are single celled organisms.
D)Bacteria are eukaryotic organisms.

Question 19

All of the following are considered eukaryotes except:

A)Archea
B)Fungi
C)Protozoa
D)Humans

Question 20

The binomial name of a microbe is composed of its _____.

A)kingdom and genus names
B)genus name and a species modifier
C)family and class names
D)genus and family names

Question 21

Bacteria found in extreme environments (e.g.,high heat,very high salt concentration)would best be described as a member of the _____.

A)eubacteria
B)prokaryotae
C)cyanobacteria
D)archaeobacteria

Question 22

In the five-kingdom system of classification,_____.

A)viruses cannot be classified
B)all prokaryotic organisms are found in the kingdom eubacteria
C)all organisms that can photosynthesize are found in the plant kingdom
D)a domain is a division of a kingdom

Question 23

Fossil studies indicate that life on earth first arose about 4 billion years ago. How many billion years ago did multicellular living organisms appear in the fossil record?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 24

According to the three-domain classification system,modern plants and animals belong to which Domain?

A)bacteria
B)eukarya
C)archaea
D)none of the above

Question 25

A eukaryotic,multicellular organism that has no cell wall would be classified as a/an:

A)moneran
B)animal
C)fungus
D)protist

Question 26

Which of the following characteristics is not found in all cellular life forms?

A)Cells that are bounded by a membrane
B)Genetic information carried in the form of DNA
C)Ability to convert light energy to chemical energy
D)Ribosomes that produce proteins

Question 27

The three-domain system of classification does not include the _____.

A)archaea
B)eukarya
C)monera
D)bacteria

Question 28

A eukaryotic,unicellular organism with no cell wall would be classified as _____.

A)Monera
B)Animal
C)Fungi
D)Protista

Question 29

Within the Kingdom Monera,the group of most interest to medical microbiologists is the:

A)cyanobacteria
B)eubacteria
C)archaeobacteria
D)prokaryotic bacteria

Question 30

Fungi can be differentiated from plants by the fact that _____.

A)fungi are all unicellular, plants are all multicellular
B)fungi do not have a cell wall, plants have a cell wall
C)fungi cannot photosynthesize, plants can photosynthesize
D)fungi are prokaryotic, plants are eukaryotic

Question 31

A prokaryotic cell would have been assigned to which of the taxonomic Kingdoms?

A)Monera
B)Animalia
C)Fungi
D)Protista

Question 32

Which groups of animals are not usually of concern to the microbiologist?

A)ticks
B)tapeworms
C)fleas
D)moths

Question 33

Which Kingdom includes all animals derived from zygotes?

A)Fungi
B)Plantae
C)Animalia
D)Protista

Question 34

According to the three-domain classification system an organism with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan would belong to the _____.

A)Bacteria
B)Archaea
C)Eukarya
D)none of the above

Question 35

In the five-kingdom scheme of classification,algae are classified along in the Kingdom:

A)Monera
B)Protista and Fungi
C)Fungi
D)Protista

Question 36

All members of the historic Kingdom Monera are:

A)cyanobacteria
B)prokaryotes
C)fungi
D)protists

Question 37

The Kingdom Monera was also known as the Kingdom _____.

A)Bacteria
B)Eubacteria
C)Prokaryotae
D)Archaeobacteria

Question 38

Before bacteria received a kingdom of their own they were generally classified along with:

A)protists
B)animals
C)fungi
D)viruses

Question 39

The historic two-kingdom system of classification divided all organisms into either ________ or ________ .

A)animals, bacteria
B)plants, animals
C)eukaryotic, prokaryotic
D)motile, nonmotile

Question 40

According to the three-domain classification system an organism with cells measuring more than 10 micrometers across would most likely belong to the ______.

A)eukarya
B)bacteria
C)archaea
D)eukarya, bacteria and archaea would be equally likely

Question 41

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is used to separate _____.

A)DNA by GC content
B)proteins by size
C)DNA by nucleotide sequence
D)proteins by amino acid sequence

Question 42

Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae are unusual in that they _____.

A)are sometimes Gram-negative and sometimes Gram-positive
B)have no cell walls
C)must live inside other living cells
D)are extremely large

Question 43

Organisms that degrade organic molecules to methane belong to the domain _____.

A)Archaea
B)Eukarya
C)Bacteria
D)Monera

Question 44

Use the following dichotomous key to determine the identity of an organism with the following characteristics: not Gram (+),not Gram (-),not rod-shaped,not spherical-shaped,and it is comma-shaped.

A)Spirochetes
B)Vibrioids
C)Corynebacteria
D)Mycoplasma

Question 45

How do lateral gene transfer and symbiosis complicate both the three-domain or five-kingdom treelike structure? Where do viruses,viroids and prions fit in today's taxonomy? Are they classified based on phylogeny or morphology?

Question 46

Genetic homology determines evolutionary relationships among organisms based on:

A)the similarity of antibody reactions between species
B)the similarity of DNA between species
C)morphological similarities between species
D)the number of traits shared by two organisms

Question 47

What is a species? How are species determined for bacteria and plants/animals? Is the notion of a species still relevant when morphology,ecology/environmental pressures and phylogeny may present such differing ways in which to organize organisms and their relatedness.

Question 48

In a bacterial species with multiple chromosomes,_____.

A)having one or two chromosomes has no evolutionary impact
B)it is very simple to distinguish between a chromosome and plasmid purely based on size
C)scientists postulate the use of a microfilament structure to ensure partition of both chromosomes to each daughter cell
D)duplicate genes that differ by mutations classify the organism as diploid

Question 49

A useful technique for comparing different bacterial species based on if they are susceptible to infection by the same virus is called _____.

A)protein profile
B)virus profile
C)phage typing
D)serology

Question 50

Viruses are not assigned to any Kingdom because _____.

A)there are too few viruses to bother
B)viruses are not cellular life forms
C)virology is not a recognized branch of microbiology
D)none of the above, viruses are grouped with the bacteria

Question 51

The organisms represented in this illustration are members of the Kingdom _____.

A)Protista
B)Monera
C)Plantae
D)Fungi

Question 52

If an organism contains 13% adenine in its DNA,its GC content is _____.

A)13%
B)26%
C)74%
D)37%

Question 53

.Which of the following criteria is not commonly used to classify Bacteria?

A)Morphology
B)Shape of ribosomes
C)Staining characteristics
D)Biochemical characteristics

Question 54

In the three-domain classification system _____.

A)all prokaryotes are grouped into the same domain
B)eukaryotes are found in two of the domains
C)archea may be more closely related eukaryotes than to bacteria
D)two of the above

Question 55

In DNA hybridization experiments,DNA from two closely related organisms will show _____.

A)very little annealing
B)a high percentage of annealing
C)100% annealing
D)it is impossible to tell

Question 56

To classify new microbes,modern genetic techniques are employed. Why would the evolutionarily relatedness of genes (genetic homology)be more useful than morphology? How are ribosomal RNAs used to study evolutionary relationships among organisms?

Question 57

The 16S rRNA is used to study evolutionary relatedness because _____.

A)it is the easiest type of RNA to sequence
B)ribosomes have evolved very slowly due to their essential roles in cells
C)ribosomes evolve very quickly so differences are easy to spot
D)None of the above

Question 58

In phage typing,bacteria that are lysed by the same type of bacteriophage are thought to be:

A)more closely related to one another
B)less closely related to one another
C)more closely related to the bacteriophage
D)less closely related to the bacteriophage