Deck 17: Corporate and White-Collar Crime

Question 1

An individual who violate the law in the course of practicing a legitimate occupation has committed:

A) White-collar crimes
B) Occupational crime
C) Organizational crime
D) Professional crimes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is closest in meaning to an economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour?:
A) Underground economy

A) Corporate anomie
B) Criminogenic market structure
C) Juristic disengagement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime is that:

A) occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class
B) occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class
C) people commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation
D) occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Research by Mann et al.showed that corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences because:

A) they have done little harm
B) they have been better lawyers
C) judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction
D) judges and corporate executives come from the same background

Question 5

Which is NOT an example of the principle that the organizational form of a corporation is a crucial feature in understanding most white-collar crime?

A) corporate concentration
B) juristic person
C) executive disengagement
D) sentencing practices

Question 6

Goff and Reasons (1978)argued that Canada's parliament enacted anticombines laws to:

A) protect consumers
B) increase competition
C) satisfy the demands of small businesses
D) protect government taxes

Question 7

White-collar crime is related to class position because:

A) their positions allow the employee more opportunities for committing crime.
B) they are considered victimless crimes and, unlike street crimes, are committed relatively frequently by the middle class..
C) individuals who lack the education do not have the knowledge it takes to commit most white-collared crimes.
D) white-collar positions are positions of power that carry with them a freedom from control, allowing for opportunities to carry out the crimes.

Question 8

Crimes committed on behalf of corporations are called

A) White-collar crimes
B) Occupational crime
C) Organizational crime
D) Professional crimes

Question 9

Britain's Barings Bank,a bank which had been controlled by the same family since 1762,was bankrupted by the actions of a 28 year old trader in the bank's Singapore office. This is an example of

A) Business crime
B) Internal fraud
C) Executive disengagement
D) Criminogenic disregard

Question 10

The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself,withdrawing funds from clients' accounts.This is an example of:

A) executive disengagement
B) occupational crime
C) organizational crime
D) corporate crime

Question 11

The Johns-Manville case study (asbestos poisoning among workers)is an example of:

A) employers knowingly withholding information from workers that would protect them or save their lives
B) corporate concentration
C) executive disengagement
D) a criminogenic market

Question 12

The concept of "white-collar" crime was first used by:

A) John Hagan
B) E.A. Ross
C) E. Sutherland
D) S. Wheeler

Question 13

The chief marketing officer of a tire-manufacturing corporation meets with his counterpart from a competitor company and they make a deal to divide up a sales region and fix their prices.This is an example of

A) executive disengagement
B) occupational crime
C) organizational crime
D) fraud

Question 14

The fact that top members of a corporation do not know about the criminal activity engaged in for the benefit of the corporation is known as:

A) executive disengagement
B) juristic person
C) anti-trust violation
D) criminogenic market

Question 15

White-collar crime that is committed by an individual exclusively for personal gain is known as

A) Occupational crime
B) Conventional crime
C) Organized crime
D) Political crime

Question 16

The concept of a "juristic person" refers to:

A) equality before the law
B) the concept of intention or mens rea
C) judges and other members of the court
D) the legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals

Question 17

An example of an occupational crime is

A) following orders from your place of employment to dump toxic wastes in the river.
B) not honouring repair and warranty contracts for items sold at your store.
C) not scanning items purchased by members of your family cashing out at your cash register.
D) death or accidents resulting from the employee carelessness.

Question 18

Reasons (1981)estimated that about ________of all workplace accidents are due to illegal working conditions.

A) one in ten
B) one in five
C) one in three
D) one in two