Deck 2: The Living Units

Question 1

This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the DNA molecule?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates histones?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

B

Question 4

This organelle detoxifies a number of toxic substances.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 5

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the microvilli?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 8

This organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 9

Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 10

This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 11

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the Golgi apparatus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

This organelle is involved in production of cellular energy.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 13

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the nucleolus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

This organelle has both a cis and a trans face.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 15

These organelles are often called the "demolition crew" of the cell.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 16

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the mitochondrion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the metaphase chromosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a nucleosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

When a phagocytic white blood cell ingests a foreign bacterial cell, the vesicle fuses with this organelle.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 20

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the chromatid?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during

A) interphase G₁.
B) interphase S.
C) prophase I.
D) prophase II.

Question 22

Hormones are secreted by

A) phagocytosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) osmosis.

Question 23

This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 24

Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is False?

A) Most extend all the way through the membrane.
B) Some attach to the glycocalyx.
C) They determine which molecules are transported through the membrane.
D) They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids.

Question 25

Which type of proteins are required for exocytosis?

A) caveolin
B) coatomer proteins
C) clathrin
D) SNARE proteins

Question 26

This organelle contains a single DNA molecule and is capable of self-replication.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 27

This organelle is defective in the inherited disorder Tay-Sachs disease.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 28

During anaphase, motor proteins attached to mitotic spindle fibers serve to

A) pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
B) pull together the replicated chromosomal strands.
C) re-form the nuclear envelope.
D) form the aster.

Question 29

The longest arrays of microtubules that assemble from each centrosome during prophase form filaments called

A) mitotic spindle fibers.
B) kinetochores.
C) asters.
D) the nuclear envelope.

Question 30

Functions of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except

A) synthesis of lysosomes.
B) DNA replication.
C) plasma membrane formation.
D) production of secretory granules.

Question 31

Which type of endocytosis ingests the most specific type of molecule?

A) fluid-phase endocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 32

This organelle produces ATP molecules.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 33

This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 34

Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter?

A) microtubules
B) microfilaments
C) intermediate filaments
D) centrioles

Question 35

In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called

A) nucleotides.
B) codons.
C) integral protein.
D) histones.

Question 36

Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the

A) centriole.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) mitochondrion.

Question 37

Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is

A) meiosis.
B) karyokinesis.
C) cytokinesis.
D) telophase.

Question 38

Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged

A) around a central layer of cholesterol.
B) in a single layer with polar heads facing outwards.
C) as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads.
D) as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum is False?

A) It consists of stacked envelopes called cisternae.
B) It makes the digestive enzymes contained in the lysosomes.
C) It stores lipids as inclusions.
D) It makes the integral proteins of the cell membrane.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?

A) microtubule
B) microfilament
C) intermediate filament
D) centriole

Question 41

Which membranous organelle stores calcium and is a primary site of lipid metabolism?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome

Question 42

The mitotic spindle forms from the

A) nucleus.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) centrosome matrix.
D) nucleolus.

Question 43

Peroxisomes

A) are the toxic waste removal system of the cell.
B) are involved in the production of ATP.
C) contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication.
D) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell.

Question 44

The endocytotic process in which small vesicles of fluid are brought into the cell is called

A) phagocytosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) xenocytosis.

Question 45

Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome

Question 46

Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) microtubule organizing center.
C) cytoskeleton.
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 47

The double membrane structure is unique to the

A) lysosome.
B) peroxisome.
C) mitochondrion.
D) nucleolus.

Question 48

The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except

A) it determines what substances enter and exit the cell.
B) it separates the ECF from the ICF.
C) it acts as a site for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) it is an important site for DNA transcription.

Question 49

Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are enclosed in vesicles synthesized by the

A) nucleosome.
B) ribosome.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) mitochondrion.

Question 50

Cell division is analogous to

A) two buildings duplicating their parts and fusing.
B) a building duplicating its blueprint and then forming a new building by splitting in two.
C) a building forming another building by random accumulation of materials.
D) a building forming another building through a loss of some of its parts.

Question 51

Which is not part of interphase?

A) G₁
B) G₂
C) M
D) S

Question 52

Dyneins and kinesins are motor proteins that ________.

A) enable a cell to send out and retract extensions called pseudopods.
B) move organelles along microtubules through the cytoplasm.
C) are molecular components of telomeres
D) resist pulling forces that are placed on cells.

Question 53

Embedded in the plasma membrane of cells, cholesterol molecules act to

A) stabilize the membrane.
B) make the membrane more resistant to freezing.
C) destabilize the membrane, leading to heart attacks.
D) participate in pinocytosis.

Question 54

The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except

A) glycoproteins.
B) tubulin protein.
C) cholesterol.
D) phospholipids.

Question 55

The ________ face of the Golgi apparatus is ________ to receive spherical vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A) cis; convex
B) trans; concave
C) cis; flattened
D) trans; convex

Question 56

Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis?

A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) chloroplasts
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 57

Peroxisomes function to

A) synthesize and degrade hydrogen peroxide.
B) store cellular free radicals.
C) produce pigments.
D) regulate membrane permeability.

Question 58

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

A) separation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
B) regulation of passage of substances into and out of the cell membrane
C) transcription of DNA
D) protein synthesis

Question 59

The stiffest elements of the cytoskeleton, analogous to the bones of the human body, are

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) the cytosol.

Question 60

Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores?

A) chromatin
B) messenger RNA
C) proteins
D) ribosomal RNA

Question 61

The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA.

Question 62

During what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle break down and disappear?

A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) telophase
D) late prophase

Question 63

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, but it differs from the rough ER in that it

A) is not associated with ribosomes.
B) has unique pores.
C) consists of two membranes separated by a space.
D) consists of tubes, like the smooth ER.

Question 64

In the process of phagocytosis, the organelles whose enzymes break down ingested foreign cells are the

A) nucleoli.
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisomes.
D) lysosomes.

Question 65

The cell that gathers information and controls body functions is a

A) macrophage.
B) fat cell.
C) sperm cell.
D) neuron.

Question 66

Which of the following is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A) lysosome
B) microtubule
C) mitochondrion
D) glycosome

Question 67

Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide.

Question 68

The cytoskeletal elements that form a ring to "squeeze" the two daughter cells apart during cytokinesis are

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) the microtrabecular lattice.

Question 69

The temporary structures in the cytoplasm include all of the following except

A) pigments.
B) glycosomes.
C) lipid droplets.
D) the Golgi apparatus.

Question 70

The nucleolus serves as the cell's ribosome-producing machine.

Question 71

During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA duplicated?

A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase

Question 72

Transcription of DNA requires the presence of

A) centrosomes.
B) extended chromatin.
C) histones.
D) nucleosomes.

Question 73

During mitosis, the kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle

A) attach to chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate.
B) push on the chromatids.
C) anchor the centriole to the cell membrane.
D) push the two poles of the cell apart.

Question 74

Membrane-bound organelles have the same type of membrane as the plasma membrane except

A) for the absence of a glycocalyx.
B) for the absence of cholesterol.
C) the nonpolar tails face outward.
D) they are all covered with ribosomes.

Question 75

The process of cellular aging may involve all of the following except

A) accumulated damage by free radicals.
B) decreased production of lysosomes.
C) excessive metabolic rate.
D) progressive shortening of telomeres.

Question 76

The plasma membrane is

A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.
B) a single-layered membrane enclosing the plasma.
C) the membrane surrounding the cell.
D) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae.

Question 77

Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in which the body's cells lack the protein receptors that bind to cholesterol-delivering LDLs.

Question 78

Ribosomes consist of two subunits, each surrounded by a membrane.

Question 79

The theory proposing that aging results from the effects of free radicals is primarily a theory of

A) wear and tear.
B) genetically programmed aging.
C) progressive disorder of immunity.
D) cross-linking of glucose.

Question 80

The cytoskeletal elements that are analogous to the muscles of the body which generate pseudopodia and contractile forces in conjunction with myosin are

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) integral proteins.