Deck 16: The Special Senses

Question 1

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the anterior segment, which is filled with aqueous humor.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid.

A) palpebrae
B) tarsal glands
C) lacrimal apparatus
D) conjunctiva
E) lacrimal caruncle

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the middle ear ossicle that is known as the stirrup.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye.

A) aqueous humor
B) vitreous humor
C) synovial fluid
D) serous fluid
E) endolymph

Question 5

Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule.

A) vestibule
B) macula lutea
C) macula densa
D) ora serrate
E) scala vestibule

Question 6

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that contains receptors for rotational acceleration.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ciliary body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the retina that contains only cones and provides maximal visual acuity.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the portion of the fibrous layer known as the sclera.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Region of the forebrain overlying the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

A) olfactory epithelium
B) temporal lobe
C) olfactory bulb
D) thalamus
E) insula

Question 11

Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic.

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) ciliary body
D) cornea
E) lens

Question 12

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers.

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) ciliary body
D) cornea
E) lens

Question 14

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is called the cochlea.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is the boundary between the external and middle ear.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Sensory receptor for taste.

A) taste bud
B) taste pore
C) tongue papilla
D) olfactory bulb
E) gustatory epithelial cells

Question 17

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the transparent portion of the fibrous layer.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Membrane attached to the stapes.

A) tympanic membrane
B) pharyngotympanic
C) oval window
D) round window
E) tectorial membrane

Question 19

Filaments of the olfactory receptor cells synapse with these cells of the olfactory tract.

A) mitral cells
B) glomeruli
C) support epithelial cells
D) olfactory stem cells
E) cells in the lamina propria

Question 20

Microvilli from gustatory cells project through this structure.

A) taste bud
B) taste pore
C) tongue papilla
D) olfactory bulb
E) gustatory epithelial cells

Question 21

Calcium carbonate crystals of the macula.

A) stapedius
B) modiolus
C) otoliths
D) helicotrema
E) scala tympani

Question 22

Endolymph is made

A) from perilymph.
B) from the dura mater.
C) in the scala vestibuli.
D) in the stria vascularis.

Question 23

In Chapter 12 on the CNS, we learned that the inferior olivary nucleus and medial lemniscus are a relay nucleus and a fiber tract in general somatic sensory pathways in the brain. The superior olivary nucleus and the lateral lemniscus are entirely different structures belonging to what sensory pathway?

A) taste
B) olfactory
C) visual
D) auditory

Question 24

Hair cells are receptor cells for

A) fine touch.
B) both hearing and equilibrium.
C) taste.
D) smell.

Question 25

Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.

A) vestibule
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) cochlear duct
E) semicircular canals

Question 26

Along with the saccule, this structure senses linear acceleration.

A) vestibule
B) spiral organ
C) utricle
D) cochlear duct
E) semicircular canals

Question 27

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti?

A) High-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the basal end of the basilar membrane.
B) The "hairs" of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane.
C) The spiral organ is part of the cochlear duct, which equals the scala media.
D) The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.

Question 28

Which of the following structures in the eye are pigmented?

A) the cornea
B) sclera
C) the retina
D) lens

Question 29

Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells.

A) basilar membrane
B) tectorial membrane
C) tympanic membrane
D) scala tympani
E) scala vestibule

Question 30

Clouding of which of the following structures would lead to a clinical condition known as a cataract?

A) lens
B) cornea
C) aqueous humor
D) vitreous humor

Question 31

Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?

A) the optic disc
B) the macula lutea
C) the fovea centralis
D) the ora serrata retinae

Question 32

"Uncinate fits" are characterized by

A) auditory hallucinations.
B) photo sensitivity.
C) imaginary odors.
D) vertigo.

Question 33

Of the following glands, which does not help keep the anterior part of the eye from drying out?

A) lacrimal caruncle
B) tarsal glands
C) goblet cells in the conjunctiva
D) lacrimal gland

Question 34

The ora serrata is a

A) type of papilla that houses taste buds.
B) part of the modiolus.
C) part of the choroid layer.
D) part of the retina.

Question 35

The basilar membrane supports the

A) spiral lamina.
B) modiolus.
C) spiral ganglion.
D) bony labyrinth.
E) spiral organ.

Question 36

What axons decussate in the optic chiasma?

A) the fibers in the optic radiation of white matter
B) all fibers from both eyes
C) those from the lateral half of each retina
D) axons from the medial half of each eye

Question 37

Hyperopia and presbyopia may have some features in common, but a key difference between these two conditions is that

A) one is farsightedness, and the other is nearsightedness.
B) nearsighted people never develop presbyopia, but they can develop hyperopia.
C) in hyperopia the lens can accommodate, but in presbyopia it cannot.
D) people with astigmatism never develop presbyopia, but they can develop hyperopia.

Question 38

Which is true about a retinal detachment?

A) It can result from a blow to the eye.
B) It is a detachment of the complete thickness of the retina from the choroid.
C) It causes blindness immediately.
D) The detached portion contains no capillaries.

Question 39

Of the following structures, which is the only one that contains perilymph (instead of endolymph)?

A) scala media
B) saccule
C) scala tympani
D) semicircular ducts

Question 40

Where do tears drain?

A) into the Eustachian tube
B) into the nasal cavity
C) into the lacrimal gland
D) into the pharynx

Question 41

The first "way station" (relay nucleus) in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the

A) superior colliculi.
B) lateral geniculate nucleus.
C) primary visual cortex.
D) temporal lobe.

Question 42

The cristae in the inner ear contain the receptors for

A) rotational equilibrium.
B) all aspects of hearing.
C) all aspects of equilibrium.
D) static equilibrium.

Question 43

Receptors for hearing are located in the

A) cochlear duct.
B) middle ear.
C) semicircular canals.
D) tympanic membrane.

Question 44

Which cranial nerve does not innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?

A) abducens
B) facial
C) oculomotor
D) trochlear

Question 45

The oil component found in tears is produced by the

A) lacrimal glands.
B) tarsal glands.
C) conjunctiva.
D) endocrine glands.

Question 46

Ringing in the ears, vertigo, and gradual loss of hearing typify the disorder called

A) conjunctivitis.
B) Ménière's syndrome.
C) strabismus.
D) glaucoma.

Question 47

Which of the following would not be associated with strabismus?

A) damage to the oculomotor nerve
B) paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye
C) damage to the optic nerve
D) lesions of the midbrain

Question 48

The oval window of the ear is connected directly to which passageway?

A) pharyngotympanic tube
B) external auditory canal
C) scala vestibuli
D) scala tympani

Question 49

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is/are the

A) spiral organ (of Corti).
B) cupula.
C) scala media.
D) otoliths.

Question 50

The eyelids house all of the following except the

A) tarsal glands.
B) superior tarsal muscle.
C) orbicularis oculi muscles.
D) lacrimal sac.

Question 51

The sensation of taste involves

A) bending of cilia.
B) chemicals binding to microvilli.
C) movement of crystals embedded in gelatinous masses.
D) photons altering pigment molecules.

Question 52

Farsightedness is more properly called

A) myopia.
B) presbyopia.
C) hyperopia.
D) emmetropia.

Question 53

Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study the body's few mitotic neurons. These neurons are the

A) photoreceptors.
B) olfactory stem cells.
C) basal cells in the taste buds.
D) auditory hair cells.

Question 54

The muscle that opens the eye is the

A) superior rectus.
B) orbicularis oculi.
C) frontalis on forehead.
D) levator palpebrae superioris.

Question 55

Nearsightedness is more properly called

A) myopia.
B) hyperopia.
C) presbyopia.
D) emmetropia.

Question 56

Which of the following lies closest to the anterior pole of the eye?

A) center of the lens
B) center of the cornea
C) tip of an eyelash
D) sclera

Question 57

What structure is handled by an "eye bank"?

A) whole eyes for eye transplants
B) just the lens
C) just the cornea
D) just the retina

Question 58

The external ear consists of each of the following structures except the

A) auricle.
B) helix.
C) lobule.
D) vestibule.

Question 59

Another name for the ciliary zonule is

A) olfactory glomerulus.
B) cochlear duct.
C) the bitter taste zone on the tongue.
D) the suspensory ligament of the lens.

Question 60

The middle ear cavity is normally filled with

A) perilymph.
B) endolymph.
C) air.
D) mucus.

Question 61

The ossicle that is shaped like the stirrup of a saddle is the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) incus.
C) malleus.
D) stapes.

Question 62

The transmission of sound vibrations through the external acoustic meatus occurs chiefly through

A) nerve fibers.
B) air.
C) fluid.
D) bone.

Question 63

Which of the following membranes is not part of the cochlea?

A) basilar
B) tectorial
C) tympanic
D) vestibular

Question 64

Abraham spoke so softly that Jason rolled a piece of paper into a funnel shape and put one end into his external auditory canal to signal Abraham to speak up. Abraham then shouted that a certain anatomical structure serves exactly the same function as Jason's paper funnel. That structure is the

A) round window.
B) pinna.
C) pharyngotympanic tube.
D) mastoid antrum.

Question 65

Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex?

A) hypothalamic appetite centers
B) solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata
C) thalamic nuclei
D) vagus nerve

Question 66

The sclera of the eye develops from

A) the lens placode.
B) head mesenchyme.
C) the optic cup.
D) the optic stalk.

Question 67

Each of the following structures participates in bending of light entering the eye except the

A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) lens.
D) vitreous humor.

Question 68

The superior oblique muscle turns the eye both laterally and

A) medially.
B) superiorly.
C) inferiorly.
D) laterally.

Question 69

Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the eye?

A) ciliary muscle
B) dilator/sphincter pupillae muscles
C) levator palpebrae
D) medial rectus

Question 70

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. Which of the following neurons have axons that form the optic nerves?

A) bipolar cells
B) ganglion cells
C) cone cells
D) rod cells

Question 71

During embryonic development, the retina of the eye develops from

A) the surface ectoderm.
B) an outpocketing of the diencephalon.
C) the mesoderm.
D) the mesoderm and the endoderm.

Question 72

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

A) aqueous humor
B) vitreous humor
C) lens
D) pupil

Question 73

The center for vision in the cerebral cortex is located in the

A) temporal lobe.
B) frontal lobe.
C) occipital lobe.
D) parietal lobe.

Question 74

Nerve axons from the lateral portion of each retina

A) cross over to the opposite side of the retina.
B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma.
C) branch at the chiasma, some branches crossing and some not crossing.
D) carry information from the lateral half of the visual field.

Question 75

Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?

A) macula lutea
B) optic chiasma
C) fovea centralis
D) optic disc

Question 76

Filaments that pass through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate belong to

A) axons of the olfactory receptor cells.
B) dendrites of the olfactory receptor cells.
C) axons of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.
D) dendrites of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.

Question 77

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another without rejection, yet corneas can be transplanted with impunity. This is because the cornea

A) is not a human structure.
B) has no nerve supply.
C) has no blood supply, except around the periphery.
D) is exposed and easily accessible.

Question 78

The bony labyrinth is located in which portion of the temporal bone?

A) mastoid
B) petrous
C) squamous
D) tympanic

Question 79

The cristae ampullares in the inner ear are located in the

A) saccule.
B) utricle.
C) semicircular ducts.
D) cochlear duct.

Question 80

The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the

A) hypoglossal.
B) glossopharyngeal.
C) olfactory.
D) facial.