Deck 9: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label F
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label G

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label F
C) Label E
D) Label J
E) Label A

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) insulin
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) cortisol

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 5

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The glands that produce a hormone that is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label E
C) Label I
D) Label F
E) Label C

Question 6

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The female glands that are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label F
C) Label J
D) Label I
E) Label H

Question 7

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?

A) thymus
B) pineal gland
C) thyroid gland
D) pituitary gland

Question 8

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label B
D) Label G
E) Label F

Question 9

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by ________.

A) Label B
B) Label D
C) Label J
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 10

Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?

A) hormonal
B) humoral
C) neural
D) direct gene activation

Question 11

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) cortisol; aldosterone
C) growth hormone; prolactin
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin

Question 12

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The pancreas is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label E
C) Label I
D) Label A
E) Label B

Question 13

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label I
C) Label G
D) Label E
E) Label F

Question 14

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A) adrenal
B) pineal
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 15

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label J
C) Label E
D) Label F
E) Label I

Question 16

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.

A) direct gene activation
B) the second-messenger system
C) steroid hormone action
D) diffusion

Question 17

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label J
C) Label D
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 18

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The pineal gland is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label D
C) Label F
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 19

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label A
C) Label D
D) Label E
E) Label J

Question 20

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The thymus is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label H
C) Label F
D) Label J
E) Label A

Question 21

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

A) epinephrine
B) glucagon
C) insulin
D) growth hormone

Question 22

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

A) thymosin
B) cortisol
C) melatonin
D) aldosterone

Question 23

The hormone produced by male testes which is necessary for sperm production is ________.

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) testosterone
D) prolactin

Question 24

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________.

A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells
B) catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)
C) enter the nucleus
D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus
E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis

Question 25

Which of the following is a potent stimulator of aldosterone release?

A) thymosin
B) calcitonin
C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D) angiotensin II

Question 26

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

A) follicle
B) parafollicular
C) beta
D) alpha

Question 27

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.

A) Addison's disease
B) Graves' disease
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) goiter

Question 28

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A) diabetes insipidus
B) hypoglycemia
C) diabetes mellitus
D) goiter

Question 29

A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
B) cortisol
C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) glucagon

Question 30

In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?

A) cyclic AMP (cAMP)
B) DNA
C) ATP
D) the hormone
E) mRNA

Question 31

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

A) steroid hormone
B) amine hormone
C) prostaglandin
D) protein hormone
E) peptide hormone

Question 32

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

A) nervous system
B) immune system
C) endocrine system
D) integumentary system
E) muscular system

Question 33

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?

A) Plasma membrane permeability changes.
B) Cellular mutations occur.
C) Enzymes are activated or inactivated.
D) Mitosis is stimulated.
E) Proteins are synthesized in the cell.

Question 34

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________.

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 35

What gland releases catecholamines?

A) pancreas
B) thyroid gland
C) adrenal cortex
D) adrenal medulla

Question 36

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________.

A) Cushing's syndrome
B) Graves' disease
C) diabetes insipidus
D) Addison's disease

Question 37

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) sex hormones
D) catecholamines

Question 38

What is the primary function of thymosin?

A) Thymosin regulates the salt content of the blood, particularly sodium and potassium.
B) Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.
C) Thymosin plays an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle.
D) Thymosin controls the rate at which glucose is oxidized and converted to body heat and ATP.

Question 39

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

A) insulin; glucagon
B) glucagon; insulin
C) cortisol; glucagon
D) epinephrine; cortisol

Question 40

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________.

A) estrogens
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) mineralocorticoids

Question 41

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________.

A) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) glucagon
D) oxytocin
E) prolactin (PRL)

Question 42

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

A) sex hormones
B) aldosterone
C) cortisone
D) glucocorticoids
E) epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 43

Where is calcitonin made?

A) hypothalamus
B) parafollicular cells of the parathyroid gland
C) anterior pituitary
D) parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
E) follicular cells of the thyroid gland

Question 44

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

A) T₃ and T₄
B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) oxytocin and prolactin
D) insulin and glucagon
E) melatonin and glucocorticoids

Question 45

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.

A) calcitonin and thyroid hormone
B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
E) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 46

Select the statement that best describes the function of tropic hormones.

A) Tropic hormones stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones.
B) Tropic hormones stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones.
C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
D) Tropic hormones stimulate nervous tissue to produce neurotransmitters.
E) Tropic hormones stimulate production of prostaglandins.

Question 47

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a ________.

A) hormonal stimulus
B) humoral stimulus
C) neural stimulus
D) messenger stimulus
E) steroid stimulus

Question 48

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (T₄)?

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) gonadotropic hormones
D) thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 49

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

A) prolactin (PRL)
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 50

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?

A) goiter
B) pituitary dwarfism
C) myxedema
D) exophthalmos
E) cretinism

Question 51

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) adrenal gland
D) posterior pituitary gland
E) thyroid gland

Question 52

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.

A) luteinizing hormone (LH)
B) prolactin (PRL)
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) glucagon
E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 53

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormones
B) growth hormone (GH) and glucagon
C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormones
E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 54

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.

A) pituitary dwarfism
B) Cushing's disease
C) acromegaly
D) myxedema
E) gigantism

Question 55

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

A) thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH)
B) prolactin (PRL)
C) growth hormone (GH)
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 56

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ________.

A) prolactin (PRL)
B) growth hormone (GH)
C) adrenaline
D) thyroid hormone
E) calcitonin

Question 57

Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood pressure by causing constriction of arterioles (small arteries)?

A) oxytocin
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) growth hormone (GH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 58

Most hormones are ________.

A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism
B) classified as steroids
C) released upon stimulation by other hormones
D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients
E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells

Question 59

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

A) Graves' disease
B) cretinism
C) pituitary dwarfism
D) goiter
E) myxedema

Question 60

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A) on top of the kidneys
B) directly below the Adam's apple
C) within the mediastinum
D) within the pancreas
E) posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Question 61

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

A) polyuria
B) polydipsia
C) moon face
D) polyphagia
E) acidosis

Question 62

Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

A) help resist long-term stress
B) increase blood glucose levels
C) decrease edema
D) suppress inflammation
E) regulate salt content of the blood

Question 63

The pineal gland produces ________.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) estrogen
D) insulin
E) cortisol

Question 64

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to stimulation production of red blood cells by the bone marrow?

A) relaxin
B) resistan
C) secretin
D) cholecystokinin (CCK)
E) erythropoietin

Question 65

Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?

A) growth of hair and nails
B) calcium supplement
C) increase metabolism
D) sleep aid
E) blood glucose regulation

Question 66

As the efficiency of the ovaries declines in middle age, a woman's ability to bear children ends. What is this known as?

A) pregnancy
B) menstruation
C) menopause
D) puberty
E) menses

Question 67

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?

A) glucocorticoids
B) epinephrine
C) growth hormone
D) insulin
E) glucagon

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?

A) stimulation of the posterior pituitary
B) deepening of the voice
C) growth of facial hair
D) sperm production
E) development of heavy bones and muscles

Question 69

Which hormone, produced by the placenta, stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterine is not sloughed off in menses?

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) human placental lactogen (hPL)
E) oxytocin

Question 70

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms?

A) bronze skin tone
B) high blood pressure and edema
C) weak muscles
D) hypoglycemia
E) inability to cope with stress

Question 71

Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas?

A) epinephrine and norepinephrine
B) aldosterone and cortisone
C) insulin and glucagon
D) cortisol and cortisone
E) glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 72

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________.

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) prolactin (PRL)
C) growth hormone (GH)
D) epinephrine
E) melatonin

Question 73

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) thymus
C) parathyroid glands
D) adrenal cortex
E) posterior pituitary

Question 74

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________.

A) reabsorb potassium ions
B) reabsorb sodium ions
C) reabsorb calcium ions
D) reabsorb iodine atoms
E) reabsorb hydrogen ions

Question 75

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.

A) cortisone
B) renin
C) cortisol
D) vasopressin
E) angiotensin II

Question 76

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?

A) increased alertness
B) dilation of the small passageways of the lungs
C) increased heart rate
D) decreased blood pressure
E) increased blood glucose levels

Question 77

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

A) testosterone and estrogens
B) estrogens and progesterone
C) luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) androgens and testosterone
E) gonadotropic hormones and thyrotropic hormones

Question 78

Which specific cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels?

A) alpha cells
B) beta cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) theta cells

Question 79

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ________.

A) are protein hormones
B) are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal medulla
C) promote the formation of sex cells
D) are produced in equal amounts in both males and females
E) are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones

Question 80

Which gland is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum?

A) parathyroid glands
B) pancreas
C) testes
D) thymus
E) thyroid gland