Deck 10: The Jacksonian Era, 1828-1840

Question 1

John C.Calhoun represented South Carolina.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Distribution Act provided for each veteran of the War of 1812 to receive 360 acres of land in the West.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the growth of democracy during the Jacksonian era is true?

A)Land ownership guaranteed a person's right to political participation.
B)Race had less meaning as a national voting qualification than it had during Jefferson's time.
C)Women were commonly voting in state and local elections,but not yet in national races.
D)Politics was no longer the realm of the prominent and wealthy.
E)While Jackson touted democratic gains,the reality was greater restriction.

Answer 3

Politics was no longer the realm of the prominent and wealthy.

Question 4

During the Jacksonian era,and for the first time in American political history:

A)a president assumed his position to be superior to that of Congress.
B)Whigs won a majority in Congress.
C)a third-party candidate finished second in a presidential contest.
D)a state effectively nullified a federal law.
E)black men in some northern states were permitted to vote for president.

Question 5

Osceola led the Seminole resistance to their removal from their lands.

Question 6

Martin Van Buren opposed the establishment of an Independent Treasury.

Question 7

Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road bill demonstrated his:

A)belief that the federal government should not fund purely local projects.
B)belief that the federal government should assist states with internal improvement projects.
C)tremendous respect for Henry Clay.
D)initial support for John C.Calhoun's policies.
E)lack of interest in western economic development.

Question 8

Henry Clay was Andrew Jackson's second vice president.

Question 9

The Whig presidential candidate in 1840,William Henry Harrison,was the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Question 10

Jacksonian democracy involved the extension of voting rights to blacks,Indians,and women.

Question 11

Most Whigs were states' rights advocates.

Question 12

In the midst of the nullification crisis,John C.Calhoun resigned as vice president.

Question 13

Antidemocratic voices freely acknowledged that democracy was incompatible with:

A)intelligence.
B)slavery.
C)informed political participation.
D)a successful republic.
E)the natural order.

Question 14

During Jackson's presidency,the national debt grew smaller until it was paid off entirely in 1835.

Question 15

The Eaton affair revealed:

A)Jackson's insensitivity toward women.
B)Jackson's tendency to favor Calhoun over Van Buren.
C)the destructive gossip of the Washington social scene.
D)Jackson's willingness to take the political advice of women.
E)the increasing equality of women.

Question 16

The proposed Maysville Road:

A)would be entirely in Kentucky.
B)revealed Jackson's consistent opposition to road building.
C)spurred the rise of a western textile industry.
D)was clearly permissible under the Constitution.
E)was opposed by Calhoun and Clay.

Question 17

President Jackson's response to the nullification crisis was to ask Congress to raise the tariff.

Question 18

George Fitzhugh opposed Jackson's democratic ideals,saying that in every society "some were born with saddles on their backs,and others booted and spurred to ride them."

Question 19

The Cherokee Indians were forced westward on the route that came to be known as the Trail of Tears.

Question 20

President Jackson's policy toward Indians could best be described as one of:

A)extermination.
B)salutary neglect.
C)integration.
D)removal.
E)paternalism.

Question 21

President Jackson's attitude toward the Supreme Court's decision in Worcester v.Georgia was:

A)elation.
B)sadness.
C)acquiescence.
D)defiance.
E)unconcern.

Question 22

In response to South Carolina's tariff nullification,Jackson:

A)said South Carolina was free to leave the Union.
B)privately threatened to hang Calhoun.
C)backed down by telling Congress to repeal the tariff.
D)was unusually indecisive.
E)declared South Carolina in a state of rebellion.

Question 23

As a result of the Eaton affair:

A)John C.Calhoun became an outspoken advocate of nullification.
B)both John Eaton and Martin Van Buren left the cabinet.
C)Floride Calhoun was forbidden from attending White House functions.
D)John Eaton and John C.Calhoun were fired.
E)Jackson became less sympathetic toward women.

Question 24

Jackson declared his opposition to nullification:

A)in a series of newspaper articles.
B)during a dramatic speech to Congress.
C)in a meeting with his cabinet.
D)only in private conversations.
E)in his toast at a Jefferson Day dinner.

Question 25

Martin Van Buren was known as the "Little Magician" due to his:

A)miraculous election as president in 1836.
B)skill as a professional politician.
C)ability to get the country out of a depression.
D)success in building the Whig coalition.
E)seeming ability to read the mind of Jackson.

Question 26

Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest:

A)powerfully defended slavery.
B)argued that states could nullify federal legislation.
C)announced Calhoun's resignation as vice president.
D)showed that Calhoun no longer supported the Union.
E)protested Jackson's excessive use of power.

Question 27

The compromise tariff that ended the nullification crisis was authored by:

A)Martin Van Buren.
B)Thomas Hart Benton.
C)Henry Clay.
D)John C.Calhoun.
E)Daniel Webster.

Question 28

The Indian chief who resisted federal policy in Illinois and Wisconsin was:

A)Osceola.
B)Tecumseh.
C)Hiawatha.
D)Black Hawk.
E)Sitting Bull.

Question 29

The Trail of Tears resulted in:

A)a sad but uneventful transfer of Indians to Oklahoma.
B)the death of thousands of Indians.
C)Jackson's change of heart about Indian removal.
D)the complete eradication of the Creeks and Seminoles.
E)Jackson's diminished popularity in the South and West.

Question 30

The Indian Removal Act of 1830:

A)allowed Indians who wished to become American citizens to remain on their homeland.
B)became law after Congress overrode Jackson's veto.
C)proposed moving Indian tribes to areas west of the Mississippi River.
D)contained loopholes designed to exclude peaceful Indians from removal.
E)showed Jackson's willingness to pursue policies that might hurt his popularity.

Question 31

In Worcester v.Georgia,the Marshall court:

A)backed states' rights over federal authority.
B)forced Jackson to protect Cherokee land titles.
C)supported Georgia's control of all lands in its boundaries.
D)ordered the relocation of the Cherokees to the West.
E)took the side of the Cherokees.

Question 32

A tariff passed by Congress in 1832:

A)lowered duties on some items.
B)was vetoed by Jackson.
C)ended talk of nullification.
D)was intended strictly to raise revenue.
E)was ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court.

Question 33

The Anti-Masonic party was the first to:

A)nominate a Catholic for president.
B)endorse violence as a legitimate political tactic.
C)carry several states in its first election.
D)call for a total halt to immigration.
E)hold a national nomination convention.

Question 34

The Webster-Hayne debate is best remembered for:

A)its ultimate effect on federal land policy.
B)Hayne's outspoken defense of slavery.
C)Webster's eloquent defense of the Union.
D)the riot it provoked on the floor of the Senate.
E)its negative effect on Jackson's popularity.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Second Bank of the United States?

A)It became the largest corporation in the United States.
B)It disbursed payments for federal debts.
C)It was exclusively supported by the federal government.
D)It held all federal funds.
E)It had twenty-nine branches spread across the United States.

Question 36

Jackson viewed the Bank of the United States as:

A)a valued source of credit for small farmers.
B)a "monster" that served the interests of a wealthy few.
C)necessary for issuing paper money that stabilized the economy.
D)justified by the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution.
E)a source of national unity because it served the whole country.

Question 37

What federal law(s)did South Carolina nullify?

A)Marbury v.Madison
B)the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
C)the Indian Removal Act
D)the Monroe Doctrine
E)the Fugitive Slave Law

Question 38

Which of the following statements was NOT true of the 1832 presidential election?

A)Whigs were largely bankrolled by Nicholas Biddle's B.U.S.
B)Democrats depended on Jackson's popularity to secure a victory.
C)The Democratic party did not adopt a platform.
D)Democrats had their first nominating convention.
E)Henry Clay doubted his ability to defeat Jackson.

Question 39

When Congress rechartered the Bank of the United States in 1832:

A)the economy went into a depression.
B)Jackson made Nicholas Biddle its new director.
C)western farmers revolted in anger.
D)Jackson vetoed the recharter.
E)Jackson announced plans to nationalize it.

Question 40

Martin Van Buren resigned from Jackson's cabinet:

A)in order to give the president a clear path to replace the entire cabinet.
B)in order to challenge Jackson for the presidency in 1832.
C)because he did not want to be viewed as competition for the president.
D)for financial reasons.
E)in order to be Henry Clay's vice presidential running mate.

Question 41

The Specie Circular:

A)paid off the national debt.
B)gave excess federal money to the states.
C)required gold or silver payment for public lands.
D)outlawed paper currency.
E)stabilized the economy for the rest of the 1830s.

Question 42

In the 1840 campaign,the Whigs:

A)nominated Henry Clay.
B)explained in detail how they would fight the depression.
C)adopted a catchy campaign slogan.
D)lost in a close election.
E)failed to use campaign techniques like those of the Democrats.

Question 43

Pet banks were:

A)state banks that received federal government deposits.
B)allowed to issue notes that were not covered by specie reserves.
C)those established by Jackson's executive order in 1829.
D)chartered in 1832 for the express purpose of handling foreign investments.
E)banks owned by Jackson's biggest political cronies.

Question 44

Jackson's opponents called themselves Whigs to:

A)express their admiration for the British political system.
B)state their belief in complete human freedom.
C)confuse voters about their true political objectives.
D)denounce what they saw as Jackson's tyrannical qualities.
E)distinguish themselves from the National Republicans.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is FALSE?

A)He was called the "Little Magician" because of his political skill.
B)He was Jackson's closest adviser and a dedicated ally.
C)He enjoyed a strong economy during his single term as president.
D)He played a major role in the destruction of Calhoun's presidential ambitions.
E)He had been Jackson's first secretary of state.

Question 46

How long did the economic calamity that destroyed Van Buren's presidency last?

A)twelve years
B)until the end of Van Buren's term
C)seven years
D)it was very brief,but deeply destructive
E)three years

Question 47

The attempt to censor the mail revolved around which issue?

A)tariffs
B)western land claims
C)slavery
D)Indian threats
E)South Carolina's nullification

Question 48

How did Jackson's early life shape his development into adulthood?

Question 49

All of the following were presidential candidates in 1836,EXCEPT:

A)Daniel Webster.
B)Martin Van Buren.
C)Hugh Lawson White.
D)William Henry Harrison.
E)Andrew Jackson.

Question 50

All of the following were prominent Whig politicians,EXCEPT:

A)Martin Van Buren.
B)Henry Clay.
C)Daniel Webster.
D)William Henry Harrison.
E)John Tyler.

Question 51

The Independent Treasury Act provoked opposition from:

A)Whigs and conservative Democrats.
B)National Republicans and Whigs.
C)moderate Democrats and Whigs.
D)liberal Democrats and Whigs.
E)Van Buren Democrats.

Question 52

After his reelection,Jackson moved to destroy the Bank of the United States by:

A)firing its director.
B)withdrawing its federal deposits.
C)getting the Supreme Court to declare it unconstitutional.
D)selling its stock to private investors.
E)opening new state banks.

Question 53

Least likely to become Whigs would be:

A)admirers of Henry Clay.
B)economic nationalists.
C)social reformers such as abolitionists.
D)southern planters.
E)German and Irish Catholics.

Question 54

William Henry Harrison:

A)was a leader of the states'-rights wing of the Whigs.
B)was known as "the Little Magician."
C)had defeated the Shawnees at Tippecanoe.
D)directed the Bank of the United States until Jackson destroyed it.
E)like Jackson,was born in frontier poverty.

Question 55

After the panic of 1837,working-class Americans could expect all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)government assistance.
B)massive joblessness.
C)wage cuts.
D)high prices for food and clothes.
E)numerous bank failures.

Question 56

The one thing that united all members of the new Whig party was opposition to:

A)the Bank of the United States.
B)Andrew Jackson.
C)internal improvements.
D)high protective tariffs.
E)money backed by gold and silver.

Question 57

In his fight against Jackson to save the B.U.S. ,Biddle:

A)initiated a national financial crisis.
B)appealed to Jackson directly to change his impression of the bank.
C)agreed to accept state currency.
D)set up "pet banks" on behalf of the Jackson administration.
E)nearly destroyed the Democratic party.

Question 58

One undebatable fact about the Jacksonian era is:

A)Jackson's sincere commitment to equality for all Americans.
B)the wisdom of Jackson's destruction of the "Monster" bank.
C)Jackson's place as one of the greatest presidents in American history.
D)the dramatic increase in voter participation by 1840.
E)the degree that common men lessened the power of elites.

Question 59

All of the following factors contributed to the panic of 1837,EXCEPT the:

A)withdrawal of European investments.
B)failure of the 1836 wheat crop.
C)Tariff of 1835,which had lowered duties to dangerous levels.
D)depression in Britain.
E)wave of failures of state banks.

Question 60

Discuss Jackson's vision of American democracy and how that vision related directly to his own political power.

Question 61

The Eaton affair divided Jackson's cabinet.Discuss the events in question,paying particular attention to Jackson's handling of them.

Question 62

Discuss President Jackson's Indian policy.How did Indians fare under his administration?

Question 63

Discuss Jackson's idea of personal politics to include the death of his wife shortly after his 1828 electoral victory and his destruction of the B.U.S.

Question 64

What were the causes and results of the panic of 1837? What impact did this economic crisis have on the Van Buren administration?

Question 65

Describe the election of 1832.What were the major political parties,and what were the significant issues involved in the campaign? What was the outcome?

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
William Henry Harrison

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Nicholas Biddle

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 68

Examine the role of violence in Andrew Jackson's life and how he incorporated that into his presidency.

Question 69

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
John Eaton

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 70

Trace the rift between Andrew Jackson and John C.Calhoun.Be sure to include both policy and personal differences that strained their relationship.

Question 71

Describe the new party system that emerged in the 1830s.

Question 72

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
John C.Calhoun

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 73

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Henry Clay

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 74

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Andrew Jackson

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 75

The Tariff of 1828 proved to be the impetus behind the entire nullification controversy.Examine the process that brought this about.

Question 76

How might the insults lobbed at Andrew Jackson's wife during the 1828 campaign have influenced how he dealt with the Peggy Eaton controversy?

Question 77

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
John Tyler

A)offered as a toast at a Jefferson Day dinner: "Our Union-It must be preserved!"
B)the husband of the woman snubbed by wives of cabinet members
C)called "the Little Magician"
D)the director of the Bank of the United States
E)resigned the vice presidency in 1832
F)Jackson's opponent for president in 1832
G)won the presidency with his "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign
H)as a Massachusetts senator,said: "Liberty and Union,now and forever,one and inseparable"
I)a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party in 1832
J)the 1840 Whig vice presidential candidate

Question 78

Ultimately,the Jackson presidency was revolutionary.Discuss the major political changes brought about by Jackson's administration.

Question 79

Why was the banking controversy so important in the 1830s? What actions did Jackson take toward the Bank of the United States? Why?

Question 80

Discuss the diverse coalition of the Whigs.What were the major characteristics of "Whiggery"?