Deck 2: The Evolution of Management

Question 1

The phrase "habits of industry" is today referred to as:

A)Practices
B)Objectives
C)Values
D)Training

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Henry Ford is credited with creating:

A)The assembly line
B)Labor unions
C)Planned performance schedules
D)The first automobile

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which theorist is most notably known for linking motivated and satisfied employees to successful management?

A)Henri Fayol
B)Max Weber
C)Mary Parker Follett
D)Douglas McGregor

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The functions of management in an organization and the principles needed to make sense of a complex set of organizational tasks are identified through the:

A)Contingency theory
B)Management theory
C)Administrative theory
D)Behavioral theory

Question 5

The theorist who used time studies to search for new ways to improve performance through a scientific, quantitative approach was:

A)Joseph Wharton
B)Henry Gantt
C)Frank Gilbreth
D)Frederick W.Taylor

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of Emerson's twelve principles of efficiency?

A)Authority
B)Efficiency-reward
C)Standardized conditions
D)Discipline

Question 7

___________ ____________ became a central management theme during World War II, in an attempt to establish a quantitative rationale for decisions that would lead to goal achievement.

A)Quantitative management
B)Operations research
C)Employee efficiency
D)Scientific management

Question 8

This study was led by Dugald Jackson and was conducted between 1924 and 1927.

A)Illumination Study
B)Relay-Assembly Test Room Study
C)Interviewing Room Study
D)Bethlehem Steel Study

Question 9

What approach focuses on the human side of management?

A)Quantitative approach
B)Humanistic approach
C)Balanced approach
D)Qualitative approach

Question 10

The rapid development of infrastructure and factories was made possible through:

A)Managerial hierarchy
B)Division of labor
C)Corporations
D)Soldiering

Question 11

In business today, which term is often used to describe an organizational structure which operates with the most number of rules and the least amount of effort, motivation, and sense of urgency?

A)Administration
B)Subsystem
C)Bureaucracy
D)Open system

Question 12

A disadvantage to this type of management is that managers and employees feel entitled to their jobs regardless of job performance.

A)Formal Selection
B)Career Orientation
C)Impersonality
D)Division of Labor

Question 13

When workers focus on completing a limited number of tasks, it is referred to as:

A)Soldiering
B)Zoning
C)List of duties
D)Specialization

Question 14

When workers begin to test management by performing as slowly as possible, while giving their supervisor the impression they are working fast is known as:

A)Delaying
B)Contingency
C)Entropy
D)Soldiering

Question 15

The Scottish economist and philosopher that published The Wealth of Nations:

A)Henri Fayol
B)Adam Smith
C)Andrew Weber
D)Douglas McGregor

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three historical types of management compared by Lillian Gilbreth?

A)Transformational
B)Scientific
C)Traditional
D)Transitory

Question 17

Frank Gilbreth is associated most with:

A)Division of labor
B)Motion studies
C)Quality movement
D)Time studies

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of managerial hierarchies:

A)Managers have confidence in their responsibility and authority
B)Increase production of 2000%
C)Employees have authority to make decisions
D)None of the above

Question 19

The German sociologist and economist who defined the ideal management of an organization as a bureaucracy was:

A)Henri Fayol
B)Adam Smith
C)Max Weber
D)Joseph Wharton

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a quality program?

A)Six Sigma
B)Lean manufacturing
C)Total Quality Management
D)All of the above

Question 21

"The group principle" was introduced by:

A)Lillian Gilbreth
B)Elton Mayo
C)Mary Parker Follett
D)Andrew Weber

Question 22

The concept of critical thinking is a relatively new concept.

Question 23

Power dynamics in groups is most apparent in situations involving conflict.

Question 24

Frank Gilbreth's work made him a pioneer in the field of human resource management by bridging the gap between profit and people.

Question 25

According to Theory Y, managers have power over employees.

Question 26

Frederick Taylor developed five principles of Scientific Management that defined the task-management system.

Question 27

Which of the following refers to the social and market-based energy that builds or maintains a system?

A)System dynamics
B)Equilibrium
C)Entropy
D)Negative entropy

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a reason to which the Hawthorne Studies research team attributed the increase in performance?

A)A less restrictive/friendlier supervisory style
B)Working in small groups
C)More specific goals
D)Increased earnings

Question 29

The biologist that enabled management theorists to understand, plan, and organize in a global economy defined by computers and information was:

A)Douglas McGregor
B)Chester I.Barnard
C)Ludwig von Bertalanffy
D)Jay W.Forrester

Question 30

The term "bureaucracy" has changed dramatically from the early 1900s to today.

Question 31

The Hawthorne Studies verified that employees were motivated by many factors, not just money, and that group dynamics had an impact on employee morale and performance.

Question 32

______________ is a negative view of the worker that states that people do not like to work; therefore, workers need to be coerced, told what to do, and intimidated.

A)Contingency
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)Systems thinking

Question 33

The field of human resources formalizes processes, methods, and manager training so that people in an organization can meet their needs to be motivated and to achieve goals.

Question 34

The Plan-Do-Act philosophy states that if managers focus on the big problems first, they would be more likely to fix the 30% of operational ineffectiveness that causes 70% of the quality problems.

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the outcomes of Follett's Conflict Resolution Model?

A)Struggle for victory
B)Individual submission
C)Compromise
D)Integration

Question 36

Both Frederick Taylor and Henry Gantt worked for the Midvale Steel Company.

Question 37

According to the text, the most notable contribution to the art of management in the 20^th century was the:

A)Management Color Performance Table
B)Assembly line
C)Conflict Resolution Model
D)Gantt Progress Chart

Question 38

Henri Fayol's principles are flexible and capable of adaptation to every need.

Question 39

_____________ states that different organizations, situations, and contexts require different managerial approaches.

A)Contingency theory
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)Systems thinking

Question 40

According to Follett's Conflict Resolution Model, which of the following is Follett's ideal state of conflict resolution?

A)Group submission
B)Struggle for victory
C)Compromise
D)Integration

Question 41

Compare and contrast some of the advantages and disadvantages of Max Weber's Characteristics of Bureaucracy.

Question 42

List and describe some of the major reasons identified by both the Hawthorne Studies research team and the workers themselves for why performance had increased in the Relay-Assembly Test Room.

Question 43

The three categories in which Theory X and Theory Y differ are _______________, _______________, and ________________.

Question 44

The phrase "system dynamics" was introduced by Charles Bernard.

Question 45

The ____________ management perspective relies on understanding individual behaviors, decisions, and attitudes to motivate employees.

Question 46

The __________ __________ concept is where positive outcomes for group conflicts emerge when individual ideals remain intact and become part of a "single whole."

Question 47

Follett's and Forrester's management theories are similar.

Question 48

Establishing teams, called _________ _________, brings together knowledge specialists, supervisors, and workers to continuously discuss ways to improve.

Question 49

Organizations with _______ systems have the power to change and be changed by external and internal forces.

Question 50

Analyzing and synthesizing the flow of work to maximize productivity is called ____________ ____________.

Question 51

___________ soldiering is when workers consciously and deliberately are underworking.

Question 52

In the mid-20^th century, management theory required a new model to rethink the roles and responsibilities of employees, managers, and organizations today.

Question 53

______________, ______________, and _______________ are three of Henri Fayol's principles.

Question 54

Negative entropy is the loss of social and market-based energy that leads to the decline of the organization.

Question 55

In a ____________ system, organizations are effective and efficient when managers control and influence people's behaviors by modifying their motives.

Question 56

The ____________ ___________ laid the groundwork for the balanced approach that is emerging in management practice today.

Question 57

The U.S.Supreme Court ruling on __________ v.__________ gave corporations rights that were similar to those of individuals, and provided the context for the modern corporation.

Question 58

_____________ is a positive view of the worker that states that people enjoy the mental and physical purpose that work provides; therefore, when participating in a group with a shared commitment, people will direct themselves and look for ways to expand their personal contributions and responsibilities