Deck 2: A: The Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

Water acts as a very effective solvent.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Two shared pairs of electrons represent a single covalent bond.

Question 5

Electrolytes include acids,bases,and salts.

Question 6

The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction.

Question 7

An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has two pairs of electrons.

Question 8

Acids are electrolytes that produce OH⁺ ions.

Question 9

Biochemistry involves the chemical makeup of living organisms and the underlying process of life activities.

Question 10

By definition,inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.

Question 11

Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom.

Question 12

The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom.

Question 13

A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer.

Question 14

Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same.

Question 15

Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge.

Question 16

The chemical reaction of an acid with a base will produce a salt and water.

Question 17

The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an atom's outer shell determine its chemical activity.

Question 18

Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element.

Question 19

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass.

Question 20

Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation.

Question 21

Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides.

Question 22

Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon-containing compounds in the body.

Question 23

The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron.

Question 24

Steroids are often called tissue hormones.

Question 25

The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

Question 26

Enzymes are proteins that function by the lock-and-key theory.

Question 27

Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get 8 electrons in its outer energy level.

Question 28

The digestion of food is an example of a synthesis reaction.

Question 29

Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity.

Question 30

There are a total of 21 essential amino acids.

Question 31

The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape.

Question 32

Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases,which are important constituents of a DNA molecule.

Question 33

The nonessential amino acids cannot be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules.

Question 34

The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Question 35

DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body.

Question 36

ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction.

Question 37

Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism.

Question 38

Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base.

Question 39

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)is also called the "bad" cholesterol.

Question 40

Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond.

Question 41

A denatured protein has lost its functional shape.

Question 42

Consider an atom that has an atomic mass of 18.For it to be electrically neutral,it must have 18 electrons.

Question 43

The nucleus of the atom will always have a positive charge.

Question 44

Fats are composed of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.

Question 45

Phospholipids have a fat-soluble end and a water-soluble end.

Question 46

Sugars and starches are both considered to be carbohydrates.

Question 47

Inorganic compounds do not play an important role in living systems.

Question 48

Prostaglandins are associated with the prostate gland and therefore are not found in women.

Question 49

If an atom has an atomic number of 12 and an atomic mass of 25,it must have 13 neutrons.

Question 50

Glucose is a hexose and ribose is a pentose.

Question 51

As the hydrogen ion concentration increases,the pH value increases.

Question 52

Fats,steroids,and prostaglandins are all considered lipids.

Question 53

A double covalent bond involves the sharing of 2 electrons.

Question 54

Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure,arrangement,and composition of substances and the reactions they undergo.

Question 55

Atoms become positively charged by gaining protons.

Question 56

Acids release protons in solution.

Question 57

Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell.

Question 58

Nonessential amino acids are rarely used in the making of proteins in the human body.

Question 59

Electrolytes dissociate to form ions.

Question 60

Saturated fats are more likely than unsaturated fats to be liquid at room temperature.

Question 61

A sucrose molecule is formed by the synthesis reaction between glucose and fructose.

Question 62

Both phospholipids and steroids are found in cell membranes.

Question 63

Dalton named the atom after the Greek word for invisible.

Question 64

A neutral atom that has 22 protons could have 25 neutrons.

Question 65

Oxygen has 8 electrons,but only 6 of them are in its outermost energy level.

Question 66

Four elements are considered to be the major elements in the body.

Question 67

The "aliveness" of a living organism depends on the mixture of elements of which it is made.

Question 68

The quaternary structure of a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain.

Question 69

According to the general formula,in synthesis reactions,the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products.

Question 70

Glycoproteins contain both a fat molecule and a protein molecule.

Question 71

A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 electrons.

Question 72

A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 neutrons.

Question 73

Nucleotides are used to make only RNA or DNA molecules.

Question 74

A solution with a pH of 3 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5.

Question 75

According to the general formula,in exchange reactions,the number of reactants and the number of products are usually equal.

Question 76

Hydrogen bonds between atoms do not form molecules or compounds.

Question 77

Steroids are the only lipid that contains a ring structure.

Question 78

According to the general formula,in decomposition reactions,the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products.

Question 79

RNA never exists in a double-stranded form.

Question 80

A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4.