Deck 3: Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Question 1

Most human nuclear DNA is coded to produce ________ .

A)amino acids
B)proteins
C)RNA
D)mutations

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

In mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because

A)the X chromosome originates only from females.
B)sperm are more powerful than eggs.
C)the Y chromosome is present in males only.
D)the X chromosome determines sex.

Answer 2

the Y chromosome is present in males only.

Question 3

Somatic cells include all of the following except

A)lung cells.
B)sex cells.
C)skin cells.
D)brain tissue.

Answer 3

sex cells.

Question 4

Within the kingdom Animalia

A)mammals have differing numbers of sex chromosomes.
B)mammals have the same number of chromosomes.
C)mammals have differing number of chromosomes.
D)all mammals have the same DNA.

Question 5

Which of the following is an inherited disorder of the regulatory genes that control connective tissue leading to long, thin extremities?

A)Kleinfelter's syndrome
B)Marfan syndrome
C)Edward's syndrome
D)Down syndrome

Question 6

In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat.This finding

A)applies to genes on the same chromosome.
B)applies to the law of independent assortment.
C)explains gene linkage.
D)explains inheritance in simple organisms.

Question 7

What makes up a human karyotype?

A)23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes
B)24 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes
C)22 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes
D)21 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes

Question 8

In order for traits to respond to natural selection

A)they must be acquired prior to gamete production.
B)they must be heritable.
C)they must be found in the mitochondrial DNA.
D)they must be found in cells.

Question 9

Mitochondrial DNA is

A)contained within the cell's nucleus.
B)passed from father to son.
C)passed from mother to offspring.
D)found only in bacteria.

Question 10

The complete set of genes in an individual cell is called

A)amino acids.
B)proteins.
C)the genome.
D)the gene pool.

Question 11

Down syndrome can occur

A)as a result of translocation during mitosis.
B)because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome.
C)most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40.
D)all of the above.

Question 12

The following are complementary bases in DNA

A)adenine and thymine.
B)adenine and cytosine.
C)guanine and thymine.
D)guanine and uracil.

Question 13

Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following except

A)thymine.
B)adenine.
C)uracil.
D)cytosine.

Question 14

DNA replication produces

A)four identical daughter cells.
B)two identical daughter cells.
C)two single strands of DNA.
D)none of the above.

Question 15

Haplotypes are

A)not likely to recombine during crossovers.
B)likely to recombine during crossovers.
C)genes that code for similar things.
D)genetic material that comes from one parent only.

Question 16

Prokaryotes first appeared

A)10,000 years ago.
B)1 mya.
C)3.7 bya.
D)65 mya.

Question 17

________ DNA is heteroplasmic, meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body.

A)Nuclear
B)All
C)Ribosomal
D)Mitochondrial

Question 18

Gametes are

A)diploid.
B)haploid.
C)produced during mitosis.
D)none of the above.

Question 19

DNA replication takes place

A)prior to cell division.
B)only during the production of new gametes.
C)only during meiosis.
D)only during mitosis.

Question 20

________ are organisms lacking any internal compartments.

A)Fungi
B)Plants
C)Prokaryotes
D)Eukaryotes

Question 21

The expression of polygenic traits

A)is never influenced by environmental factors.
B)is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors.
C)is determined solely by genes at two or more loci.
D)none of the above.

Question 22

DNA is important for protein synthesis because

A)it is biological code for the production of hormones and enzymes.
B)it serves as a template for protein production.
C)it provides the code to produce structural proteins.
D)all of the above.

Question 23

Microsatellites are

A)small satellite transmitters used in genetic research.
B)useful for determining group but not individual identification.
C)highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA.
D)known from Watson and Crick's 1950s research.

Question 24

Transfer RNA

A)seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons.
B)contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids.
C)brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
D)all of the above.

Question 25

Chromosome number is reduced during

A)mitosis.
B)recombination.
C)translation.
D)meiosis.

Question 26

Homologous chromosomes

A)are genetically identical.
B)carry genetic information that influences the same trait.
C)are inherited only from the mother.
D)are members of different pairs.

Question 27

DNA

A)is single stranded.
B)contains six different nucleotide bases.
C)is the template for every aspect of an organism.
D)contains the base uracil.

Question 28

Human ABO blood types are

A)determined by regulatory genes.
B)controlled by multiple alleles.
C)controlled by multiple genes.
D)none of the above.

Question 29

Meiosis results in the production of

A)two gametes.
B)four gametes.
C)a single gamete.
D)none of the above.

Question 30

A trait's heritability

A)is the proportion of its variation that is genetic.
B)is the proportion of its variation that cannot be explained.
C)is the proportion of its variation that is the product of genes and environment.
D)is the proportion of its variation that results from the environment alone.

Question 31

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following except

A)each includes a nucleus.
B)they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body.
C)each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.
D)each contains a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.

Question 32

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following except

A)type AB blood.
B)type O blood.
C)type A blood.
D)type B blood.

Question 33

Hoxgenes

A)appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
B)function only in fruit flies.
C)control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.
D)control the development of language in humans.

Question 34

Proteins consist of

A)genes.
B)RNA plus mRNA.
C)chains of DNA nucleotides.
D)chains of amino acids.

Question 35

Transcription

A)occurs in the nucleus.
B)occurs in the ribosome.
C)results in the production of proteins.
D)results in the transformation of mitochondria.

Question 36

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses

A)uracil instead of adenine.
B)uracil instead of guanine.
C)guanine instead of uracil.
D)uracil instead of thymine.

Question 37

Homeotic (Hox) genes are:

A)structural genes.
B)responsible for the development and location of key body parts.
C)responsible for determining the sex of offspring.
D)not used during embryonic development.

Question 38

The presence of a recessive allele

A)can always be determined from the phenotype.
B)is usually masked in the phenotype.
C)is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.
D)none of the above.

Question 39

The gene responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe is a

A)structural gene.
B)dominant gene.
C)regulatory gene.
D)Hox gene.

Question 40

Individuals whose blood type is A and who carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have a genotype of

A)AA.
B)AO.
C)AB.
D)none of the above.

Question 41

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that

A)it was studied during Darwin's lifetime.
B)it is the "recipe" for all biological characteristics and functions.
C)it was discovered by Mendel.
D)it is stored in ribosomes.

Question 42

Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis.

Question 43

In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother.This provided evidence for

A)Mendel's law of independent assortment.
B)Thomas Hunt Morgan's ideas of mutation.
C)Mendel's law of segregation.
D)Mendel's concept of nondisjunction.

Question 44

The two alleles that result in the expressed phenotype for hemoglobin are equally expressed.This is an example of

A)polymorphism.
B)codominance.
C)pleiotropy.
D)Mendelian inheritance.

Question 45

What is the evolutionary significance of meiosis?

Question 46

Discuss homeotic or Hox genes.What purpose do they serve in the genome?

Question 47

Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers' efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.

Question 48

Use what you know about meiosis to explain Mendel's law of segregation and law of independent assortment.

Question 49

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity.This is likely

A)the result of a mutation on the sex chromosomes.
B)the result of a mutation on a Hoxgene.
C)the result of a mutation in HSV-1.
D)none of the above.