Deck 18: Nutrition in Childhood

Question 1

Which of the following tends to be a positive development in childhood eating habits that can result from peer influences?

A)Selection of nutritious versus non-nutritious foods
B)Willingness to try new foods
C)Table manners
D)Adequate time to eat

Answer 1

B
Eating with other children affects food attitudes and choices.This can be both negative and positive.On the negative side can be the development of food refusals and behaviors associated with meal time.On the positive side, children who see other children trying different foods will be more willing to try the new foods as well.Children cannot differentiate foods based on nutritional value, so they cannot self-select nutritious foods over non-nutritious foods.Table manners are generally dictated by an adult influence.

Question 2

What reason would most likely explain why a 1-year-old child is experiencing iron deficiency?

A)Excessive fruit juice consumption
B)Excessive milk consumption
C)Child is feeding herself, particularly finger foods
D)Child is eating table foods

Answer 2

B
Milk anemia results from excessive intake of milk to the exclusion of other foods, and this could occur in a 1-year-old child because young children prefer milk to meat.Excessive fruit consumption is more associated with toddler ages, 2 to 3 years.At 1 year of age, a child will participate in feeding herself finger foods, but a caregiver should still assist in the feeding process.By 1 year of age, most children can eat the same foods as adults, and a well-selected diet can provide adequate iron.

Question 3

What may be a consequence of a child experiencing an early adiposity rebound?

A)An increased ratio of lean mass to fat mass as an adolescent.
B)An increased ratio of lean mass to fat mass as an adult.
C)An increased ratio of fat mass to lean mass as an adult.
D)An increased height-to-weight ratio as an adult.

Answer 3

C
Adiposity rebound is associated with the gain of body fat starting between 4 and 6 years of age, and the earlier this occurs, the more likely it is that the person will be heavier as an adult.This will be reflected in a greater BMI (or weight-to-height ratio) as an adult and an increase in fat mass in proportion to overall body weight.The degree of fatness during adolescence is also a contributing factor to the development of adult obesity.

Question 4

What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend in regard to calories from fat in the diet of a young child?

A)Limit fat calories to 30% of total caloric intake.
B)Limit fat calories to 20% of total caloric intake.
C)Fat calories should only be limited in extreme circumstances.
D)Fat calories should be limited for every child older than 1 year of age.

Question 5

Which of the following may cause a preschool child to eat less food at a meal?

A)Providing the child with a short-handled spoon or fork
B)Providing food at a warm temperature, not too hot or cold
C)Scheduling feeding time right after play or activity
D)Serving foods so they do not touch one another on the plate

Question 6

Which children are at risk for having a zinc intake lower than the recommended level?

A)Those who do not eat meats or seafood
B)Those who do not receive zinc supplementation
C)Those who drink too much milk
D)Those who do not like many vegetables

Question 7

Which of the following results from zinc deficiency in a child's diet?

A)Increased fat stores
B)Short stature
C)Chronic diarrhea
D)Mental retardation

Question 8

Which factor has NOT been associated with failure to thrive?

A)Food restriction caused by parental concerns about obesity
B)Inadequate fiber intake
C)Excessive fruit juice intake
D)Providing small, frequent meals

Question 9

Recommendations for fiber in preschool and school age children

A)is 5 g/day.
B)is 14 g per 1000 calories.
C)is 14 g/day.
D)is not part of the RDIs.

Question 10

A child's BMI is plotted on a growth chart at the 90th percentile.How would this child's BMI be interpreted?

A)The child has a normal BMI.
B)The child is at risk for becoming overweight.
C)The child is overweight.
D)The child is obese.

Question 11

Which of the following are appropriate general guidelines for measurements to assess the growth of a child?

A)Growth measurements should be made at 1, 4, and 10 years.
B)After the child's channel on the growth charts has been determined, it is not necessary to reevaluate on a regular basis.
C)Growth measurements of height, weight, and weight for height should be determined at regular intervals.
D)After the growth pattern is established, it will not change until adolescence.

Question 12

What is the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation on the use of supplements for children?

A)Routine multiple vitamin and mineral supplements should be given.
B)No routine supplementation is needed except fluoride in nonfluoridated areas.
C)Maximal doses of vitamins and minerals should be given because it is uncertain that children will eat enough of the nutrients in food.
D)Supplements should not be restricted because children are growing so rapidly that overdosing is unlikely.

Question 13

What is an appropriate food serving size for a 2-year-old child?

A)2 tsp
B)2 Tbsp
C)1/2 cup
D)1 cup

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT associated with impaired academic performance in children?

A)Iron deficiency
B)Food insecurity
C)Skipping breakfast
D)Bringing lunch from home

Question 15

During which stage of cognitive development can children identify foods that are "good for you" but probably could not give a reason?

A)Sensorimotor stage
B)Preoperational stage
C)Concrete operations stage
D)Formal operations stage

Question 16

Why are children in the United States NOT likely to suffer from protein deficiency?

A)Their protein needs are minimal.
B)Most parents are well educated about protein sources in the diet.
C)The body can provide protein when the diet does not.
D)There is a cultural emphasis on protein foods in the diet.

Question 17

What is the most accurate means for determining the energy requirements (EER) of a child?

A)Based on growth rate
B)Based on age and height
C)Based on age
D)Based on calories per kilogram

Question 18

Which of the following developed the MyActivity Pyramid as a guideline for children's activity?

A)American Dietetic Association
B)Institute of Medicine
C)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
D)U.S.Department of Agriculture

Question 19

What may a child be at risk for if she drinks large amounts of apple or pear juice throughout the day and limited amounts of water or milk?

A)Diarrhea
B)Hypervitaminosis A
C)Overhydration
D)Constipation

Question 20

Which of the following has been demonstrated by research to be TRUE regarding the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A)Research has not linked a dietary cause to ADHD.
B)ADHD results from a food allergy.
C)Excessive sugar intake leads to ADHD.
D)Food additives, such as artificial colors and flavors, cause ADHD.