Deck 7: The Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Ligaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to the

A)styloid process.
B)mastoid process.
C)articular tubercle.
D)posterior clinoid process.
E)middle concha.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the ________ suture.

A)lambdoidal
B)rostral
C)coronal
D)squamosal
E)sagittal

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The superior and inferior temporal lines mark the points of attachment for

A)muscles that stabilize the skull at the vertebral column.
B)muscles that open and close the eye.
C)muscles that close the mouth.
D)muscles that turn the head.
E)muscles that move the ears.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The calvaria (or skullcap)is formed by the ________ bones.

A)frontal,temporal,and parietal
B)frontal,parietal,and occipital
C)temporal,parietal,and occipital
D)frontal,temporal,and occipital
E)frontal,temporal,parietal,and occipital

Question 5

The hard palate of the roof of the mouth is mostly formed by the

A)palatine process of the maxillae.
B)sphenoid bone.
C)nasal bones.
D)zygomatic process.
E)palatine bones.

Question 6

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the ________ gland.

A)lacrimal
B)pituitary
C)olfactory
D)nasal
E)sellar

Question 7

Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?

A)skull
B)false ribs
C)sternum
D)hyoid
E)pelvic girdle

Question 8

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

A)50
B)60
C)70
D)80
E)90

Question 9

A point of attachment for muscles that rotate or extend the head is the

A)styloid process.
B)mastoid process.
C)articular tubercle.
D)posterior clinoid process.
E)medial concha.

Question 10

Which of these is not one of the facial bones?

A)frontal
B)maxilla
C)vomer
D)mandible
E)zygomatic

Question 11

Each of the following is associated with the temporal bone,except the

A)mastoid cells.
B)petrous portion.
C)sella turcica.
D)internal acoustic meatus.
E)mandibular fossa.

Question 12

Each of the following landmarks is associated with the occipital bone except the

A)superficial nuchal lines.
B)jugular foramen.
C)hypoglossal canals.
D)petrous process.
E)occipital crest.

Question 13

Which of the following articulate in the mandibular fossa?

A)condylar process
B)mastoid process
C)acromion process
D)coronoid process
E)zygomatic process

Question 14

What organ is located in the lacrimal fossa?

A)the pituitary gland
B)the inner ear
C)tear gland
D)the lacrimal ramus
E)the frontal sinus

Question 15

The occipital condyles of the skull articulate with the

A)atlas.
B)mandible.
C)first thoracic vertebra.
D)occipital bone.
E)axis.

Question 16

The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the

A)mastoid process.
B)styloid process.
C)occipital condyle.
D)condyloid process.
E)temporal process.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?

A)provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton
B)provides an attachment for muscles that move the head,neck,and trunk
C)provides an attachment for muscles involved in respiration
D)provides protection for the brain and spinal cord
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from which two bones?

A)temporal and maxilla
B)frontal and temporal
C)sphenoid and temporal
D)zygomatic and maxilla
E)temporal and zygomatic

Question 19

The internal acoustic meatus is located in which bone?

A)occipital
B)maxillary
C)sphenoid
D)temporal
E)parietal

Question 20

The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)sphenoid
D)occipital
E)temporal

Question 21

The smallest facial bones are the

A)ethmoid bones.
B)lacrimal bones.
C)lacerum bones.
D)nasal bones.
E)zygomatic bones.

Question 22

Premature closure of the sagittal suture would result in

A)a long and narrow head.
B)a very broad head.
C)an unusually small head.
D)a distorted head with one side being longer than the other.
E)death.

Question 23

Ridges that anchor muscles that stabilize the head are the

A)anterior and posterior nuchal lines.
B)anterior and superior nuchal lines.
C)inferior and superior nuchal lines.
D)medial and lateral nuchal lines.
E)cranial and caudal nuchal lines.

Question 24

Identify the structure the occipital bone surrounds.

A)magnum maximus
B)foramen magnum
C)foramen magnus
D)foramina maximus
E)maximus minimus

Question 25

The skull contains ________ bones.

A)32
B)22
C)42
D)12
E)27

Question 26

The bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by the

A)nasal bones.
B)perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.
C)perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bone.
D)vomer and sphenoid bone.
E)perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and sphenoid bone.

Question 27

As the result of an accident,Bill suffers a dislocated jaw.This injury would involve the

A)stylohyoid ligaments.
B)hyoid bone.
C)condylar process of the mandible.
D)alveolar process of the mandible.
E)greater cornu of the hyoid bone.

Question 28

The hyoid bone

A)attaches to tongue muscles.
B)is linked to the styloid process by a ligament.
C)is superior to the larynx.
D)does not directly articulate with other bones.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

A)maxilla.
B)crista galli.
C)sphenoid.
D)ethmoid.
E)cribriform.

Question 30

A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the

A)crista galli.
B)pterygoid processes.
C)styloid process.
D)perpendicular plate.
E)cribriform plate.

Question 31

Of the following bones,which is unpaired?

A)vomer
B)maxillary
C)palatine
D)nasal
E)lacrimal

Question 32

Each of the following structures is associated with the sphenoid bone,except the

A)foramen ovale.
B)optic canals.
C)pterygoid processes.
D)sella turcica.
E)cribriform plate.

Question 33

The styloid process,zygomatic process,and auditory ossicles are associated with the

A)parietal bone.
B)occipital bone.
C)sphenoid.
D)temporal bone.
E)ulna.

Question 34

The alveolar process of the mandible

A)supports the upper teeth.
B)supports the lower teeth.
C)anchors the tongue.
D)is part of the temporomandibular joint.
E)articulates with the hyoid bone.

Question 35

The nasal conchae

A)attach muscles that move the eye.
B)contain the nerves for olfaction.
C)create turbulence in the nasal passageways.
D)protect the pituitary gland.
E)attach muscles that move the eyelids.

Question 36

Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense(s)of

A)balance.
B)hearing and balance.
C)smell and taste.
D)vision.
E)touch.

Question 37

While playing softball,Gina is struck in the frontal squama by a wild pitch.Which of the following complaints would you expect her to have?

A)a broken jaw
B)a black eye
C)a headache
D)a sore chest
E)a sore back

Question 38

The hyoid bone is suspended by ________ ligaments.

A)sutural
B)styloid
C)hyoid
D)stylohyoid
E)sternocleidomastoid

Question 39

Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose.Which of the following bones might be fractured?

A)ethmoid bone
B)sphenoid bone
C)temporal bone
D)mandible
E)parietal bone

Question 40

The function of the hyoid bone is to

A)support the stomach.
B)anchor the tongue muscles.
C)protect the trachea.
D)attach to ribs.
E)support the mandible.

Question 41

Figure 7-1 Floor of the Cranial Cavity
Use Figure 7-1 to answer the following questions:
What is the name of the structure labeled "8"?

A)sella turcica
B)foramen ovale
C)foramen rotundum
D)carotid canal
E)foramen spinosum

Question 42

The nasal complex consists of all of the following bones,except the

A)zygomatic.
B)ethmoid.
C)sphenoid.
D)frontal.
E)maxillary.

Question 43

Figure 7-1 Floor of the Cranial Cavity
Use Figure 7-1 to answer the following questions:
Which bone structure has foramina for the olfactory nerves?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 44

Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex,except the ________ bone.

A)lacrimal
B)nasal
C)sphenoid
D)ethmoid
E)frontal

Question 45

The ________ passes through the ________.

A)vagus nerve; foramen magnum
B)optic nerve; foramen ovale
C)vestibulocochlear nerve; external acoustic meatus
D)internal jugular vein; jugular foramen
E)internal carotid artery; jugular foramen

Question 46

The facial nerve (N.VII)passes through internal acoustic meatus and then through the

A)mastoid foramen.
B)stylomastoid foramen.
C)jugular foramen.
D)carotid foramen.
E)foramen lacerum.

Question 47

Figure 7-1 Floor of the Cranial Cavity
Use Figure 7-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the internal occipital crest.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 48

You witness one of your friends in a fight.Your friend Greg is hit in the jaw and when looking at him,his face looks misaligned.You immediately take him to the emergency room and are not surprised to learn that he has a broken

A)temporal bone.
B)zygomatic bone.
C)mandible.
D)external auditory meatus.
E)clavicle.

Question 49

A nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth and gums of the lower jaw passes through the

A)ramus of the mandible.
B)condylar process.
C)mental foramen.
D)mandibular foramen.
E)maxillary foramen.

Question 50

Which statement(s)about the functions of the paranasal sinuses is/are true?

A)They provide an extensive area of mucous epithelium.
B)They make skull bones lighter.
C)The mucus they secrete enters the nasal cavities.
D)They support cilia that move the mucus.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Figure 7-1 Floor of the Cranial Cavity
Use Figure 7-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure encloses the pituitary gland?

A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7
E)8

Question 52

Nerves carrying sensory information from the lips and the chin pass through the

A)ramus of the mandible.
B)condylar process.
C)mental foramina.
D)mandibular foramina.
E)maxillary foramina.

Question 53

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum.

A)deviated
B)crooked
C)obstructive
D)deviant
E)restrictive

Question 54

The large foramen that serves as a passageway for the medulla of the brain and the accessory nerve (XI)is the

A)foramen lacerum.
B)foramen rotundum.
C)carotid canal.
D)jugular foramen.
E)foramen magnum.

Question 55

The largest sinus is within which bone?

A)nasal
B)sphenoid
C)ethmoid
D)frontal
E)maxilla

Question 56

Figure 7-1 Floor of the Cranial Cavity
Use Figure 7-1 to answer the following questions:
What is the name of the structure labeled "7"?

A)optic canal
B)foramen spinosum
C)foramen rotundum
D)foramen lacerum
E)foramen ovale

Question 57

Figure 7-1 Floor of the Cranial Cavity
Use Figure 7-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the sphenoid bone.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 58

The paranasal sinuses are located in all of the following bones,except the

A)frontal.
B)ethmoid.
C)sphenoid.
D)maxillae.
E)zygomatic.

Question 59

The floor of the orbital complex is formed by the

A)maxilla.
B)ethmoid.
C)zygomatic.
D)sphenoid.
E)frontal.

Question 60

The role(s)of the sinuses include(s):

A)making the skull lighter
B)production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air
C)release of stress hormones
D)extra source of air
E)making the skull lighter and production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air

Question 61

The four spinal curves include all but one of the following.Identify the exception.

A)thoracic
B)cervical
C)lumbar
D)axial
E)sacral

Question 62

While volunteering in an outpatient clinic for underprivileged families in your neighborhood,you observe the nurse assessing an infant.The mother had complained about the baby not eating and having several episodes of diarrhea lasting 3 days.You know the nurse suspects possible dehydration when she

A)checks the anterior fontanel for depression.
B)points out the dryness of the infant's diaper.
C)checks the infant's reflexes.
D)questions the mother about normal feeding habits.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 63

While you're visiting your friend who recently gave birth,she comments on her infant's soft spot.You think to yourself that the correct term for the "soft spot" located at the intersection of the frontal,sagittal,and coronal sutures is

A)sphenoidal fontanel.
B)anterior fontanel.
C)occipital fontanel.
D)mastoid fontanel.
E)cushion spot.

Question 64

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.

A)4
B)5
C)7
D)12
E)31

Question 65

If there were no paranasal sinuses,all of the following would be true,except

A)the skull would be heavier.
B)stronger neck muscles would be required.
C)less mucus in the nasal cavity.
D)reduced ability to trap dust and particles.
E)the ability to sneeze would be impaired.

Question 66

The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are

A)fontanels.
B)sutures.
C)Wormian bones.
D)foramina.
E)fibrocartilaginous discs.

Question 67

Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull,except between

A)the mandible and the cranium.
B)the zygomatic bone and the maxillary bone.
C)the occipital bone and the parietal bone.
D)the vomer and the zygomatic bone.
E)the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone.

Question 68

Most mammals,including humans and giraffes,have ________ cervical vertebrae.

A)11
B)6
C)7
D)19
E)10

Question 69

The four curves of the adult spinal column are not all present at birth.Which of the following are the secondary curves,those that do not appear until several months later?

A)cervical and lumbar
B)thoracic and lumbar
C)sacral and lumbar
D)thoracic and sacral
E)cervical and sacral

Question 70

Fibrous connective tissue called ________ accommodates brain growth in infants.

A)sutures
B)vertebrae
C)fontanels
D)frontals
E)foramina

Question 71

The term for an undersized head is

A)encephalopathy.
B)microcephaly.
C)macrocephaly.
D)encephalitis.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 72

The most significant skull growth occurs before the age of

A)3)
B)2)
C)5)
D)1)
E)4)

Question 73

The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the

A)transverse spinous processes.
B)dorsal spinous processes.
C)laminae.
D)costal facets.
E)intervertebral disc.

Question 74

Vertebrae of which regions are fused in the adult?

A)lumbar region
B)sacral region
C)coccygeal region
D)thoracic
E)sacral and coccygeal regions

Question 75

An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed

A)kyphosis.
B)lordosis.
C)scoliosis.
D)gomphosis.
E)mentosis.

Question 76

The soft fibrous membrane in an infant's skull located at the junction of the frontal,coronal,and sagittal sutures is the

A)lateral fontanelle.
B)posterior fontanelle.
C)anterior fontanelle.
D)mastoid fontanelle.
E)epicranial fontanelle.

Question 77

The primary spinal curves

A)are also called compensation curves.
B)accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera.
C)develop several months after birth.
D)develop several months after birth to accommodate the growing viscera in the thoracic cavity.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 78

The part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is the

A)vertebral arch.
B)vertebral body.
C)articular processes.
D)intervertebral space.
E)transverse process.

Question 79

The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae.

A)4
B)5
C)7
D)12
E)31

Question 80

Each of the following statements concerning the development of the skull is true,except that

A)all the bones of the skull develop from one single ossification focus.
B)at birth the cranial bones are connected by areas of fibrous connective tissue.
C)the growth of the cranium is usually coordinated with the growth of the brain.
D)the skulls of infants and adults differ in shape and structure of the skeletal elements.
E)the most significant growth of the skull occurs before the age of 5.