Deck 3: Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Question 1

In order for traits to respond to natural selection,they must be heritable.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A human karyotype contains 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The following are complementary bases in DNA:

A)adenine and thymine.
B)adenine and cytosine.
C)guanine and thymine.
D)guanine and uracil.

Answer 3

adenine and thymine.

Question 4

The complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome.

Question 5

Hemoglobin is an amino acid.

Question 6

Marfan's syndrome is an inherited disorder of the regulatory genes that control connective tissue.The disorder leads to long,thin extremities.

Question 7

Prokaryotes first appeared:

A)10,000 years ago.
B)1 mya.
C)3.7 bya.
D)65 mya.

Question 8

All mammals have the same number of chromosomes.

Question 9

DNA replication produces:

A)four identical daughter cells.
B)two identical daughter cells.
C)two single strands of DNA.
D)none of the above

Question 10

In mammals,the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:

A)the X chromosome originates only from females.
B)sperm are more powerful than eggs.
C)the Y chromosome is present in males only.
D)the X chromosome determines sex.

Question 11

Eukaryotes are single-celled organisms.

Question 12

Down syndrome can occur:

A)as a result of translocation during mitosis.
B)because of nondisjunction,which yields an extra chromosome.
C)most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40.
D)all of the above

Question 13

____________ DNA is heteroplasmic,meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body.

A)Nuclear
B)All
C)Ribosomal
D)Mitochondrial

Question 14

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)lung cells.
B)sex cells.
C)skin cells.
D)brain tissue

Question 15

Mitochondrial DNA is contained within the cell's nucleus.

Question 16

Most human nuclear DNA is coded to produce proteins.

Question 17

Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)thymine.
B)adenine.
C)uracil.
D)cytosine.

Question 18

Gametes are:

A)diploid.
B)haploid.
C)produced during mitosis.
D)none of the above

Question 19

Haplotypes are:

A)not likely to recombine during crossovers.
B)likely to recombine during crossovers.
C)genes that code for similar things.
D)genetic material that comes from one parent only.

Question 20

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes.

Question 21

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following EXCEPT:

A)type AB blood.
B)type O blood.
C)type A blood.
D)type B blood.

Question 22

Microsatellites are:

A)small satellite transmitters used in genetic research.
B)useful for determining group but not individual identification.
C)highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA.
D)known from Watson and Crick's 1950s research.

Question 23

Genetic analysis of haplotypes and variants among living and pre contact Native Americans indicates that:

A)Native Americans underwent a huge decline in genetic diversity after Columbus's arrival in the New World.
B)Native Americans living today appear to be as diverse genetically as their ancient ancestors thousands of years ago.
C)the genetic structure and haplogroups of Native Americans are quite recent.
D)none of the above

Question 24

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):

A)allows us to use genetic methods to explore the origins and movements of populations.
B)is used to amplify tiny sequences of DNA for study.
C)allows us to study small amounts of DNA available in ancient skeletons.
D)all of the above

Question 25

Transfer RNA:

A)seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons.
B)contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids.
C)brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
D)all of the above

Question 26

A trait's heritability:

A)is the proportion of its variation that is genetic.
B)is the proportion of its variation that cannot be explained.
C)is the proportion of its variation that is the product of genes and environment.
D)is the proportion of its variation that results from the environment alone.

Question 27

Proteins consist of:

A)genes.
B)RNA plus mRNA.
C)chains of DNA nucleotides.
D)chains of amino acids.

Question 28

Hox genes:

A)appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
B)function only in fruit flies.
C)control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.
D)control the development of language in humans.

Question 29

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:

A)uracil instead of adenine.
B)uracil instead of guanine.
C)guanine instead of uracil.
D)uracil instead of thymine.

Question 30

DNA is important for protein synthesis because:

A)it is biological code for the production of hormones and enzymes.
B)it serves as a template for protein production.
C)it provides the code to produce structural proteins.
D)all of the above

Question 31

In his work on pea plants,Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat.This finding:

A)applies to genes on the same chromosome.
B)applies to the law of independent assortment.
C)explains gene linkage.
D)explains inheritance in simple organisms.

Question 32

In 2004,the Human Genome Project published a human genome map that indicated:

A)100,000 genes are responsible for the human body's proteins.
B)50,000 genes are responsible for the human body's proteins.
C)20,000-25,000 genes are responsible for the human body's proteins.
D)200,000-250,000 genes are responsible for the human body's proteins.

Question 33

Individuals whose blood type is A and who carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have a genotype of:

A)AA.
B)AO.
C)AB.
D)none of the above

Question 34

The presence of a recessive allele:

A)can always be determined from the phenotype.
B)is usually masked in the phenotype.
C)is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.
D)none of the above

Question 35

Meiosis results in the production of:

A)two gametes.
B)four gametes.
C)a single gamete.
D)none of the above

Question 36

The gene responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe is a:

A)structural gene.
B)dominant gene.
C)regulatory gene.
D)Hox gene.

Question 37

Human ABO blood types are:

A)determined by regulatory genes.
B)controlled by multiple alleles.
C)controlled by multiple genes.
D)none of the above

Question 38

The expression of polygenic traits:

A)is never influenced by environmental factors.
B)is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors.
C)is determined solely by genes at two or more loci.
D)none of the above

Question 39

Transcription:

A)occurs in the nucleus.
B)occurs in the ribosome.
C)results in the production of proteins.
D)results in the transformation of mitochondria.

Question 40

Homeotic (Hox)genes are:

A)structural genes.
B)responsible for the development and location of key body parts.
C)responsible for determining the sex of offspring.
D)not used during embryonic development.

Question 41

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)each includes a nucleus.
B)they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body.
C)each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.
D)each contains a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.

Question 42

Chromosome number is reduced during:

A)mitosis.
B)recombination.
C)translation.
D)meiosis.

Question 43

Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers' efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.

Question 44

In his experiments with garden peas,Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother.This provided evidence for:

A)Mendel's law of independent assortment.
B)Thomas Hunt Morgan's ideas of mutation.
C)Mendel's law of segregation.
D)Mendel's concept of nondisjunction.

Question 45

The two alleles that result in the expressed phenotype for hemoglobin are equally expressed.This is an example of:

A)polymorphism.
B)codominance.
C)pleiotropy.
D)Mendelian inheritance.

Question 46

DNA:

A)is single stranded.
B)contains six different nucleotide bases.
C)directs cellular function.
D)contains the base uracil.

Question 47

Use what you know about meiosis to explain Mendel's Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment.

Question 48

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA)in that:

A)it was studied during Darwin's lifetime.
B)it is the "recipe" for all biological characteristics and functions.
C)it was discovered by Mendel.
D)it is stored in ribosomes.

Question 49

Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis.

Question 50

Baboons are commonly used in biomedical research.Which of the following is a major contribution to the Human Genome Project that has resulted from baboon research?

A)Baboons provide a model for HIV.
B)Baboons provide a model for osteoarthritis.
C)Baboons provide a model for understanding human obesity.
D)Baboons provide a model for osteoporosis.

Question 51

Discuss some of the possible medical outcomes of the Human Genome Project.

Question 52

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity.This is likely:

A)the result of a mutation on the sex chromosomes.
B)the result of a mutation on a Hox gene.
C)the result of a mutation in HSV-1.
D)none of the above

Question 53

What is the evolutionary significance of meiosis?

Question 54

Homologous chromosomes:

A)are genetically identical.
B)carry genetic information that influences the same trait.
C)are inherited only from the mother.
D)are members of different pairs.