Question 1

Intravenous solutions are used in electrolyte disorders to _____.&#10;A)replace fluids and electrolytes that have been lost&#10;B)provide volume replacement that has been lost&#10;C)administer medication&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Intravenous solutions are used to replace fluids and electrolytes that have been lost or to provide volume replacement that has been lost through hemorrhage,severe burns,diarrhea,vomiting,or inadequate fluid intake

Question 2

All of the following are causes of edema a classic fluid imbalance condition except _____.&#10;A)retention of electrolytes&#10;B)heart failure&#10;C)decrease in concentration of plasma proteins&#10;D)change to urinary frequency

Accepted Answer

The following are causes of edema: retention of electrolytes (especially Na⁺)in the extracellular fluid and a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins normally retained in the blood.The general venous congestion of heart failure is the most common cause of widespread edema.

Question 3

Fluids close to the same osmolarity as serum are called _____.&#10;A)hypotonic&#10;B)isotonic&#10;C)hypertonic&#10;D)serotonic

Accepted Answer

Isotonic fluids are close to the same osmolarity as serum.

Question 4

All of the following are common electrolytes measured by doctors for blood testing except _____.&#10;A)sodium&#10;B)magnesium&#10;C)potassium&#10;D)bicarbonate

Accepted Answer

Common electrolytes that are measured by physicians with blood testing include sodium,potassium,chloride,and bicarbonate.

Question 5

Chloride is lost in all of the following ways except _____.&#10;A)urine&#10;B)saliva&#10;C)sweat&#10;D)stomach secretions

Accepted Answer

Chloride is normally lost in the urine,sweat,and stomach secretions.

Question 6

The two major fluid compartments of the body are termed extracellular fluid and _____ fluid.&#10;A)intervascular&#10;B)intercellular&#10;C)intracellular&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Functionally,the total body water can be divided into two major fluid compartments,called the extracellular and the intracellular fluid compartments.

Question 7

The term hyperkalemia used when the serum potassium level is above _____ mEq/L.&#10;A)3.5&#10;B)4&#10;C)5.0&#10;D)5.5

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia is a condition in which the serum potassium level is above 5.5 mEq/L.

Question 8

Electrolytes are essential to many body functions,such as _____.&#10;A)nerve conduction&#10;B)muscle contraction&#10;C)bone growth&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are essential to many body functions such as nerve conduction,muscle contraction,and bone growth.

Question 9

The electrolyte _____ essential for membrane structure and energy storage,produces ATP,and is an essential component in DNA and RNA.&#10;A)phosphorus&#10;B)sulfate&#10;C)bicarbonate&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus is essential for membrane structure,energy storage,and transport in all cells.In particular,phosphate is necessary to produce ATP,which provides energy for nearly all cell functions.Phosphate is an essential component of DNA and RNA and is also necessary in red blood cells for production.

Question 10

Which electrolyte and major cation that is found outside of the cell regulates the amount of water in the body and is critical in generating electrical signals?&#10;A)sodium&#10;B)magnesium&#10;C)potassium&#10;D)calcium

Accepted Answer

Sodium is the major positive ion (cation)in fluid outside of cells.Sodium regulates the total amount of water in the body and the transmission of sodium into and out of individual cells and also plays a role in critical body functions.Many processes in the body,especially in the brain,nervous system,and muscles,require electrical signals for communication.The movement of sodium is critical in generation of these electrical signals.

Question 11

Which electrolyte is a major cation found inside of the cells that is important for regulation of the heartbeat and muscle function?&#10;A)sodium&#10;B)magnesium&#10;C)potassium&#10;D)calcium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which electrolyte is a major cation found...

Question 12

Management of dehydration requires all of the following except _____.&#10;A)replacement therapy with oral electrolyte solutions&#10;B)intravenous fluids&#10;C)water alone&#10;D)IV fluids with electrolytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Management of dehydration requires all of the...

Question 13

Intravenous fluids may be grouped into categories called _____.&#10;A)colloids&#10;B)crystalloids&#10;C)osmoloids&#10;D)a and b

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intravenous fluids may be grouped into categories...

Question 14

Which of the following electrolytes is present in greatest concentration within the cell and is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium?&#10;A)sodium&#10;B)calcium&#10;C)bicarbonate&#10;D)magnesium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following electrolytes is present...

Question 15

_____ occurs when too much water is drawn into the blood;it is commonly seen in people with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).&#10;A)Psychogenic polydipsia&#10;B)Pseudohyponatremia&#10;C)Hypovolemic hyponatremia&#10;D)Euvolemic hyponatremia

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ occurs when too much water is...

Question 16

The _____ ion acts as a buffer to maintain the normal levels of acidity (pH)in blood and other fluids in the body.&#10;A)chlorine&#10;B)magnesium&#10;C)bicarbonate&#10;D)phosphate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ ion acts as a buffer...

Question 17

Which of the following is not an example of an electrolyte?&#10;A)calcium&#10;B)magnesium&#10;C)selenium&#10;D)sodium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Deck 31: Treatment of Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders