Deck 18: Foreign and Defense Policy

Question 1

Which international organization was created after World War II at the urging of the United States?

A) the League of Nations
B) the United Nations
C) the Warsaw Pact
D) the World Trade Organization

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who is preeminent in U.S.foreign and military policy?

A) the Joint Chiefs of Staff
B) the president
C) the State Department
D) the National Security Council

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed?

A) to provide peacetime collective security for the United States and Western Europe
B) to promote free trade between the United States and Western Europe
C) to minimize nuclear proliferation
D) to enhance democratic government in newly industrializing countries

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following countries is a member of NATO?

A) Russia
B) China
C) Japan
D) the United States

Question 5

What is a primary responsibility of the Department of Defense?

A) to formulate diplomatic policy
B) to implement military policy
C) to coordinate domestic security efforts
D) to advise the president about national security threats

Question 6

Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff?

A) the Cabinet secretaries
B) the Army chief of staff, the Air Force chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant
C) the White House military intelligence corps
D) the secretary of defense, the secretary of homeland security, and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency

Question 7

Who is the largest trading partner with the United States?

A) China
B) Canada
C) Germany
D) Japan

Question 8

Who instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it?

A) The Soviet Union instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.
B) Germany instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit the United States.
C) The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe.
D) Eastern Europe instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe.

Question 9

Which Cabinet-level department has primary responsibility for U.S.foreign policy?

A) Department of State
B) Department of Justice
C) Department of the Interior
D) Department of Homeland Security

Question 10

What is the role of the national security adviser?

A) to be a consultant for academics and others with foreign policy expertise
B) to act as a liaison between the Department of Defense and the military
C) to lead the Department of Homeland Security
D) to advise the president on foreign and military policy

Question 11

The United States engaged in which of the following military conflicts in order to prevent the spread of communism?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the Vietnam War
D) the global war on terrorism

Question 12

What was the foreign policy of containment designed to prevent?

A) nuclear proliferation
B) the spread of Soviet influence
C) terrorism
D) the Cold War

Question 13

What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?

A) to repair relations between the United States and the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War
B) to help Europe's economic recovery after World War II
C) to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to unstable governments
D) to root out and eliminate potential terrorist threats before they are fully formed

Question 14

What event marked the end of the Cold War?

A) détente
B) the collapse of the Soviet Union
C) the signing of the SALT II Treaty
D) the resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 15

Which of the following countries is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council?

A) Germany
B) India
C) Spain
D) the United States

Question 16

The war in Iraq began under __________ and ended under __________.

A) Bill Clinton; George H. W. Bush
B) Bill Clinton; George W. Bush
C) George H. W. Bush; George W. Bush
D) George W. Bush; Barack Obama

Question 17

One of the primary purposes of the war in Afghanistan that was waged during the George W.Bush administration was to __________.

A) prevent the spread of communism
B) remove the Taliban government
C) protect religious freedom
D) retaliate for the bombing of the USS Cole

Question 18

Which of the following countries has the most nuclear weapons?

A) Israel
B) China
C) Russia
D) the United States

Question 19

One highly visible element of U.S.foreign policy in recent years has been the pursuit of __________ and empowerment.

A) indigenous rights
B) gay rights
C) women's rights
D) civil rights

Question 20

Who heads the U.S.intelligence community?

A) the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
B) the Director of National Intelligence
C) the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
D) the vice president

Question 21

Who would the president be most likely to consult to determine the best way to use the military to destroy North Korea's nuclear capabilities?

A) the secretary of defense
B) the secretary of homeland security
C) the secretary of state
D) the national security advisor

Question 22

With which of the following is the president most likely to consult for advice about how to best take advantage of the strengths of the various service branches when conducting a military operation?

A) the Central Intelligence Agency
B) the Director of National Intelligence
C) the secretary of homeland security
D) the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 23

Which of the following best describes Bill Clinton's foreign policy?

A) a refusal to enter security alliances with countries around the globe in order to equalize trade relations
B) a focus on policies of democratic enlargement that promote democracy and free markets throughout the world
C) a decrease in military spending to focus on humanitarian aid
D) an expansion of trade with countries throughout the world without concern for potential human rights violations

Question 24

Which of the following would George Washington most likely approve of?

A) the Marshall Plan
B) NATO
C) neutrality
D) NAFTA

Question 25

What can Congress do to influence foreign and defense policy if it is not satisfied with the president's handling of these policies?

A) Congress can fire ambassadors who are not executing foreign policy according to Congress's wishes.
B) Congress can reduce appropriations for executing the president's foreign and defense policies.
C) Congress can command the military to execute foreign policy according to Congress's wishes.
D) Congress can change foreign policy with a joint declaration of two-thirds of each chamber, which does not require the president's signature.

Question 26

Why is it difficult to coordinate the work of the various intelligence agencies that comprise the U.S.intelligence community?

A) The head of the intelligence community is the head of the CIA, which operates completely independently of the other agencies in the intelligence community.
B) Each agency controls its own budget and does not always share its intelligence with the other agencies in the intelligence community.
C) The Department of Homeland Security gathers intelligence, but then assigns the responsibility for acting on that information to various other agencies.
D) The FBI and CIA are prohibited by law from having any interactions whatsoever.

Question 27

Which of the following countries would have been most opposed to the policy of containment?

A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) the Soviet Union
D) South Korea

Question 28

Which of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism?

A) a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries
B) a country's willingness to use diplomatic sanctions to pressure another country to address human rights violations
C) the George W. Bush administration's policy of actively rooting out terrorism before a threat has fully developed
D) multilateral trade agreements

Question 29

Which of the following is a critique of the military-industrial complex?

A) Ordinary citizens are generally uninformed about how the military-industrial complex works.
B) Defense industry interest groups have too much influence over defense policy.
C) The military decision-making process is too slow and complex.
D) The president should have more influence over defense policy because the Constitution puts him or her in charge of the military-industrial complex.

Question 30

Which of the following was a fundamental part of the George W.Bush administration's case for the 2003 war in Iraq?

A) Iraq was directly responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
B) Iraq was a threat to American security interests.
C) The Persian Gulf War begun by President George H. W. Bush had never really ended and needed to be brought to a close.
D) Saddam Hussein had issued threats against the United States and had permitted Osama bin Laden to use camps in Iraq for training terrorists.

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of the exercise of America's soft power?

A) President John F. Kennedy's authorization of military forces in Cuba
B) President George W. Bush's demand that the Taliban-controlled government of Afghanistan turn over Osama bin Laden
C) Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's visit to Africa to address members of the small-business program in Zambia
D) the Roosevelt Corollary

Question 32

Which of the following is composed of a broad array of the president's foreign policy advisers and is housed within the White House?

A) the Department of State
B) the Department of Homeland Security
C) the Central Intelligence Agency
D) the National Security Council

Question 33

Which of the following countries have posed challenges to the United States in recent years because of their economic growth and global influence?

A) Japan and France
B) Russia and Germany
C) Germany and Spain
D) China and India

Question 34

Free trade agreements are designed to prevent which of the following?

A) globalization
B) democratic enlargement
C) détente
D) protectionism

Question 35

Terrorists are most likely to target which of the following?

A) elected officials
B) members of the military
C) noncombatants
D) bureaucrats

Question 36

Congress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to __________.

A) command the armed forces
B) appoint the secretary of defense
C) ratify treaties
D) recognize the sovereignty of foreign countries

Question 37

What is the primary responsibility of the Department of State?

A) national defense policy
B) homeland security
C) intelligence
D) diplomacy

Question 38

What is a main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran?

A) civil unrest
B) nuclear weapons
C) economic collapse
D) trade disagreements

Question 39

During a rapidly developing national security crisis,who is the U.S.president most likely to turn to for advice?

A) the House Committee on Foreign Affairs
B) the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
C) the United Nations Security Council
D) the National Security Council

Question 40

Because of NAFTA,an American business owner may be able to save money through which of the following?

A) setting up a shell corporation in the Cayman Islands to avoid U.S. taxes
B) moving a manufacturing plant from the United States to Mexico to take advantage of cheaper labor
C) purchasing cheap goods from China without paying taxes or tariffs
D) purchasing government-issued bonds to cover basic business expenses

Question 41

The recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were quick and decisive military and diplomatic victories for the United States.

Question 42

The United States and the Soviet Union were the main adversaries in the Cold War.

Question 43

Why did the United States join the North American Free Trade Agreement?

A) to increase the number of trading partners readily available for American goods
B) to make it harder for Japanese cars to compete in the American marketplace
C) to relocate manufacturing jobs to Mexico to take advantage of cheaper labor
D) to slow down the pace of globalization

Question 44

Which of the following is an accurate statement about terrorism?

A) Terrorism usually involves military targets.
B) Terrorism is typically designed to instill fear in the general public.
C) Terrorism is typically better financed.
D) Only nongovernmental political actors engage in terrorism.

Question 45

Why are isolationists dissatisfied with contemporary U.S.foreign policy?

A) because the United States does not do enough to address human rights abuses
B) because the United States actively inserts itself into world affairs
C) because the United States has allowed China to catch up economically
D) because the United States has refused to work with its allies to address terrorism

Question 46

Recent U.S.foreign policy under both Democratic and Republican secretaries of state has focused on women's rights and empowerment.

Question 47

Barack Obama's approach to U.S.foreign policy is best described as isolationist.

Question 48

The 2003 war in Iraq was the United States' most immediate and direct response to the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks.

Question 49

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest influence over U.S.foreign policy?

A) secretary of state
B) the Central Intelligence Agency
C) Director of National Intelligence
D) the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 50

U.S.foreign policy toward China is largely driven by concerns over human rights violations.

Question 51

The primary responsibility of the National Security Council is to advise Congress about foreign policy.

Question 52

Since World War II,the United States has created and supported a protectionist trade policy.

Question 53

In 2014,the United States levied economic sanctions against Russia after it undertook the first forcible annexation of territory in Europe since World War II.

Question 54

The president traditionally has more influence over foreign policy than does Congress.

Question 55

The Joint Chiefs of Staff serves as an adviser to the president on military policy.

Question 56

Why has the United States taken a keen interest in China in recent years?

A) The United States wants to ensure that China does not fall into communist rule.
B) The United States wants China to be a bastion of democracy in an otherwise volatile area of the world.
C) China has a large supply of oil that can be exported to the United States.
D) China is a large market and a rapidly growing economic and military power.

Question 57

The United States became involved in Vietnam to support the North Vietnamese who were fighting against communist aggression committed by the South Vietnamese.

Question 58

The North American Free Trade Agreement promotes the free exchange of goods and services among the United States,Canada,and Mexico.

Question 59

Why is diplomacy often preferred over use of the military to settle foreign policy disagreements?

A) Diplomacy is more likely to be successful.
B) Diplomacy is more likely to lead to military alliances.
C) Diplomacy is more likely to lead to isolationism.
D) Diplomacy is less likely to lead to war.

Question 60

How has U.S.foreign policy in Iran and North Korea been similar for much of the past decade?

A) It has been driven by the nuclear threat that the countries pose.
B) It has been largely driven by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
C) It has been largely determined by the wealth of natural resources the countries possess.
D) It has emphasized diplomacy over military action.

Question 61

What roles do the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff play in advising the president on military policy? Describe how these advisers provide the president with different perspectives.

Question 62

The free-trade agreement between the United States,Canada,and Mexico is known as the __________.

Question 63

The Senate can influence foreign policy by approving (or refusing to approve)__________ negotiated by the president.

Question 64

The Department of __________ is the chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S.military policy.

Question 65

The __________ is the international organization created after World War II to promote global peace and security.

Question 66

The George W.Bush administration justified the war in Iraq under the doctrine of __________ in which threats to American interests would be proactively and aggressively pursued.

Question 67

If Congress does not like the way the president is executing foreign policy,Congress can refuse to appropriate money for the president's policies.

Question 68

If the president wishes to address a foreign policy crisis without using the military,the president may instead opt for the use of __________ as orchestrated by the Department of State.

Question 69

The United States entered the war in Afghanistan in order to topple the __________ government.

Question 70

The Cold War strategy of __________ was intended to prevent nuclear warfare by having a large enough nuclear arsenal that the Soviet Union would not dare challenge the United States.

Question 71

The president has primary responsibility for foreign,military,and defense policy in the United States.

Question 72

Given the size of its economy and increased globalization,U.S.foreign policy toward __________ is motivated primarily by trade policy.

Question 73

During President George W.Bush's 2002 State of the Union Address,President Bush identified Iraq,North Korea,and Iran as a(n)"__________."

Question 74

After World War II,the United States,Canada,and Western Europe formed a peacetime alliance known as the __________.

Question 75

The failure of the U.S.government to notice the developing threat to American interests posed by a new terrorist organization would suggest that the intelligence community is not doing a good job.

Question 76

U.S.foreign policy toward North Korea is largely driven by its __________ ambition.

Question 77

How is terrorism fundamentally different from traditional military action?

Question 78

The __________ was the U.S.effort to help provide economic assistance to Europe after World War II.

Question 79

Terrorism is a technique used to effect political change by instilling __________ among the general public.

Question 80

How has the rise of China and India as economic powers with global influence affected U.S.economic policy? Explain the U.S.relationship with each country.