Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

A) poll taxes and grandfather clauses
B) discrimination in public accommodations
C) integration in public transportation
D) nonviolent direct action

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery.When was it passed?

A) when the South seceded from the Union
B) during the Civil War
C) immediately after the Civil War
D) during the civil rights movement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A) the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech
B) the Greensboro, North Carolina, lunch counter sit-in
C) the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama
D) the assassination of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits any state from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" is known as the __________ clause.

A) due process
B) privileges and immunities
C) grandfather
D) equal protection

Question 5

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.

A) race
B) gender
C) age
D) involvement in insurrection

Question 6

Which of the following books helped inspire abolitionists?

A) Grapes of Wrath
B) Uncle Tom's Cabin
C) Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
D) Enough Is Enough

Question 7

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

A) Korematsu v. U.S.
B) the 1965 Voting Rights Act
C) the Nineteenth Amendment
D) the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Question 8

The Lilly Ledbetter Act is designed to __________.

A) protect women's access to university athletics
B) prevent racial housing discrimination
C) protect same-sex marriage rights
D) prevent gender-based pay discrimination

Question 9

The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves?

A) forty acres of farmland and a mule
B) free university education
C) economic equality with whites
D) citizenship rights

Question 10

What did Jim Crow laws mandate?

A) voting rights
B) racial segregation
C) poll taxes
D) grandfather clauses

Question 11

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott?

A) the prohibition of alcohol
B) women's rights
C) rights for former slaves
D) ending the Civil War

Question 12

What was the objective of the women's suffrage movement?

A) broad gender equality
B) the right to own property
C) equal pay for equal work
D) the right to vote

Question 13

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment served as a cornerstone of the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Board of Education?

A) the all men are created equal clause
B) the equal protection clause
C) the privileges and immunities clause
D) the grandfather clause

Question 14

In Regents of the University of California v.Bakke (1978),the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional.

A) poll taxes
B) grandfather clauses
C) all forms of affirmative action
D) racial quotas

Question 15

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________.

A) in accordance with the law
B) nonviolently
C) secretly
D) anonymously

Question 16

What were Black Codes?

A) housing segregation laws
B) laws that denied rights to African Americans
C) laws requiring a poll tax or literacy test to vote
D) unwritten norms of discrimination in the South

Question 17

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v.Board of Education?

A) school integration
B) poll taxes
C) school segregation
D) unequal school funding

Question 18

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected during the decades following Reconstruction?

A) Their civil rights increased in the immediate aftermath of Reconstruction and have continued to increase steadily ever since.
B) The civil rights of southern African Americans were considerably greater than their northern counterparts.
C) It was two decades after Reconstruction before African Americans had civil rights that were comparable to those of whites.
D) Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after Reconstruction were largely unsuccessful for decades.

Question 19

Which of the following led President Abraham Lincoln to describe the author as "the little woman who started the big war"?

A) Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique
B) Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Seneca Falls Convention
C) Lucretia Mott's The World Anti-Slavery Society
D) Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

Question 20

Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following?

A) integration
B) grandfather clauses
C) Jim Crow laws
D) slavery

Question 21

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v.Texas (2003)primarily enhanced the civil rights of __________.

A) African Americans
B) American Indians
C) gays and lesbians
D) disabled Americans

Question 22

Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.have been most likely to support?

A) sabotaging the electricity supply to the homes of segregationist leaders
B) intimidating elderly whites to discourage them from supporting Jim Crow laws
C) boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies
D) boycotting elections to underscore the problem of African American disenfranchisement

Question 23

The NAACP is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following?

A) racism
B) affirmative action
C) sexism
D) sodomy

Question 24

Of the following people,who could serve in the military under the "Don't Ask,Don't Tell" policy?

A) all gays and lesbians
B) closeted gays and lesbians
C) only those who were celibate
D) only those who were straight

Question 25

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause?

A) having a different minimum age for men to marry than for women to marry
B) prohibiting those over 70 years old from working in law enforcement
C) prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military
D) requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce

Question 26

In the 1970s,which of the following critiques were given by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment?

A) It would affirm Roe v. Wade, make women eligible for the draft, and put women at financial risk.
B) The Declaration of Independence says men are created equal; it does not say anything about women.
C) Equality of results is more important than equality of actions.
D) It would revoke Muller v. Oregon, make women vulnerable to exploitation, and leave children without care.

Question 27

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely need to implement in order to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?

A) hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person without a disability
B) providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability
C) lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities
D) installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair

Question 28

Under the Supreme Court's review standards,a law that classifies people according to __________ will be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality.

A) race
B) age
C) disability
D) gender

Question 29

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People use most effectively to challenge segregated law school admissions?

A) boycotts
B) protests
C) litigation
D) nonviolent direct action

Question 30

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?

A) integration
B) Jim Crow laws
C) nonviolent direct action
D) Reconstruction

Question 31

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v.U.S.(1944)regarding the internment of American citizens of Japanese ancestry living in the United States?

A) It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.
B) It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.
C) It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.
D) It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

Question 32

Which of the following dissuaded some states from ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment?

A) Roe v. Wade
B) the National Organization for Women
C) The Feminine Mystique
D) the strict scrutiny standard

Question 33

What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883)for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?

A) Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce.
B) Congress can only regulate government discrimination, not discrimination by private individuals.
C) Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech.
D) Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because there was insufficient evidence that discrimination exists.

Question 34

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past,which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome this legacy of discrimination?

A) a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
B) a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
C) a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance
D) requiring that all job applicants have at least two years of prior experience

Question 35

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v.Ferguson (1896)that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

A) Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.
B) Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law.
C) The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.
D) Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

Question 36

What is the source of de facto discrimination?

A) practice
B) law
C) the Constitution
D) affirmative action

Question 37

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask,Don't Tell" policy?

A) It prohibited all soldiers from discussing their sexual activities.
B) It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military.
C) It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.
D) It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers.

Question 38

According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883),in which of the following areas could Congress prohibit discrimination against African Americans?

A) theaters
B) hotels
C) post offices
D) private homes

Question 39

What was the main purpose for the March on Washington?

A) to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative agenda
B) to urge the Supreme Court to overturn the separate-but-equal doctrine
C) to urge John F. Kennedy to repudiate the actions of the freedom riders
D) to urge Congress to eliminate de facto segregation

Question 40

Black Codes were passed by many of the former Confederate states in order to __________.

A) segregate blacks and whites
B) deny newly freed slaves legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries
C) keep newly freed slaves from being hired for work, so they would have to remain slaves
D) deny newly freed slaves the right to attend church

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of de jure discrimination?

A) Jim Crow laws
B) the tendency for churches to be racially homogeneous
C) the small number of African American senators
D) Title IX legislation

Question 42

In 2013,the Supreme Court overturned the federal Defense of Marriage Act,which had defined marriage as between one man and one woman.

Question 43

If you were a poor,illiterate,white,Southern farmer,which of the following would help ensure your ability to vote after the Civil War?

A) poll taxes
B) literacy tests
C) boycotts
D) grandfather clauses

Question 44

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.championed the use of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience to advance civil rights.

Question 45

Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v.Bakke (1978)?

A) considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions
B) considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university
C) setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students
D) admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

Question 46

How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?

A) They both were enacted quickly and easily.
B) They both passed the strict scrutiny test administered by the Supreme Court.
C) They both sought equal rights for African Americans.
D) They both sought equal rights for women.

Question 47

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?

A) an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community
B) a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women's reproductive health
C) a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
D) an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

Question 48

Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies?

A) Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.
B) Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.
C) Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.
D) Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

Question 49

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unsuccessful?

A) Congress did not have the authority to enact legislation in the South during the Civil War.
B) The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was only concerned with discrimination in government employment.
C) The Supreme Court said that private citizens could choose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.
D) The Supreme Court said that governments could choose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.

Question 50

In Plessy v.Ferguson,the Supreme Court overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine that the Court had established in Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 51

How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review differ?

A) The rational basis standard requires an important governmental objective for classification; the intermediate standard requires the classification to be necessary.
B) The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications; the intermediate standard applies to gender and sexual orientation classifications.
C) Those who dislike a law will have an easier time getting it overturned if the Supreme Court applies the intermediate standard instead of the rational basis test.
D) It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard.

Question 52

Which of the following best describes the issues at stake in Dred Scott v.Sandford?

A) the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether slaves were U.S. citizens
B) whether Missouri could remain part of the Union and whether women could bring suits in federal court
C) the constitutionality of the Emancipation Proclamation and whether slaves were U.S. citizens
D) whether women were U.S. citizens who should be allowed to vote and whether slavery in Missouri was legal

Question 53

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan,Gratz v.Bollinger (2003)and Grutter v.Bollinger (2003)?

A) Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
B) Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
C) Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
D) All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

Question 54

How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?

A) It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.
B) It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the strict scrutiny test.
C) It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.
D) It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

Question 55

Courts have not allowed men to use the Fourteenth Amendment to fight gender-based discrimination.

Question 56

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?

A) Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.
B) Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.
C) Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.
D) Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

Question 57

If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity,which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?

A) the Equal Rights Amendment
B) the Thirteenth Amendment
C) the Fourteenth Amendment
D) the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 58

What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine?

A) The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.
B) The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.
C) The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.
D) Segregated schools stigmatize minority children.

Question 59

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has expanded educational and sports opportunities for female students.

Question 60

Why did southern states enact poll taxes?

A) to raise revenue for the government
B) to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so
C) to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
D) to enfranchise former slaves

Question 61

Reconstruction was the era of racial healing that followed the civil rights movement.

Question 62

The passage of the Equal Rights Amendment has helped ensure women's equality in the workplace.

Question 63

Even though the Hispanic population is fairly small,they earned their civil rights earlier and more completely than did African Americans.

Question 64

Gender classifications are evaluated by the Supreme Court using the strict scrutiny standard,which determines whether the classification is necessary to accomplish a permissible state goal and whether that is the least restrictive way to reach the goal.

Question 65

The Supreme Court has prohibited voters from using ballot initiatives to forbid the use of state-sanctioned affirmative action policies.

Question 66

Since the 1950s,the Supreme Court has gradually eliminated virtually all de facto discrimination in the United States.

Question 67

The federal government has mismanaged trust funds related to American Indian lands.

Question 68

__________ programs are designed to help remedy continued inequality by giving special treatment to members of previously discriminated-against groups.

Question 69

The constitutionality of a law establishing a public elementary school open only to African American students from poor neighborhoods would be determined by the Supreme Court's application of the __________ standard of review.

Question 70

Critics argue that the Supreme Court's decision in Korematsu v.U.S.infringed on the civil rights of __________.

Question 71

In order to make it hard for poor blacks to vote without falling afoul of the Fifteenth Amendment,many southern states required citizens to pay __________,which disproportionately disenfranchised African Americans.

Question 72

Brown v.Board of Education overturned the __________ doctrine that had been established in Plessy v.Ferguson.

Question 73

In Reed v.Reed,the Supreme Court established the strict scrutiny test for determining if a particular program that discriminates on the basis of gender is constitutionally permissible.

Question 74

The __________ upheld the right of private individuals-but not government-to discriminate in the provision of public accommodations.

Question 75

The __________ was enacted in 1990 and is designed to protect the civil rights of disabled Americans.

Question 76

The admissions office at a public university could likely establish a permissible affirmative action policy that awards minority applicants by bumping up their SAT score by 100 points.

Question 77

Jim Crow laws required __________ of African Americans and whites.

Question 78

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 has nearly eliminated the wage gap between men and women in the United States.

Question 79

The __________ Amendment guarantees African Americans the right to vote.

Question 80

The refusal of __________ to give up her seat on a public bus was an act of civil disobedience that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.