Deck 3: Considerations for Special Populations

Question 1

The nurse is trying to give a liquid medication to a 2-year-old child,and notes that the medication has a strong taste.Which of the following is the best way for the nurse to give this medication to a child?

A)Give the medication with spoonfuls of sherbet
B)Add the medication to the child's bottle
C)Tell the child you have candy for him
D)Add the medication to a cup of milk

Answer 1

Give the medication with spoonfuls of sherbet

Question 2

An older adult patient will often experience a reduction in the stomach's ability to produce hydrochloric acid.This change will result in which of the following?

A)Delayed gastric emptying
B)Increased gastric acidity
C)Decreased intestinal absorption of medications
D)Altered absorption of weakly acidic drugs,such as aspirin

Answer 2

Altered absorption of weakly acidic drugs,such as aspirin

Question 3

While assessing an 82-year-old woman,the nurse determines that she is experiencing polypharmacy.What is this experience most likely to indicate?

A)She has a lower risk of drug interactions.
B)She takes medications for one illness several times a day.
C)She risks problems only if she also takes over-the-counter medications.
D)She takes multiple medications for several different illnesses.

Answer 3

She takes multiple medications for several different illnesses.

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding older adults? Select all that apply.

A)The levels of microsomal enzymes are decreased.
B)Fat content is increased because of decreased lean body mass.
C)Fat content is decreased because of increased lean body mass.
D)The number of intact nephrons is increased.
E)The number of intact nephrons is decreased.
F)Gastric pH is less acidic.
G)Gastric pH is more acidic.

Question 5

Which of the following is the reason drug toxicity is more likely to occur in the neonate?

A)The lungs are immature.
B)The kidneys are smaller.
C)The liver is not fully developed.
D)Renal excretion of the drug is faster.

Question 6

The nurse is aware that confusion,forgetfulness,and increased risk for falls are common responses of an older adult patient who is taking which of the following medications?

A)Laxatives
B)Anticoagulants
C)Sedatives
D)Diuretics

Question 7

For accurate medication administration to young patients,the nurse must take into account which of the following?

A)Weight,height,age,and organ maturity
B)Age,glomerular filtration rate,and weight
C)Weight, height, body temperature, and age
D)Weight,height,and total body water content

Question 8

During the last trimester of pregnancy,drug transfer to the fetus is more likely to occur.Which of the following explanations provides a reason for this possibility?

A)Fetal size
B)Decreased surface area
C)Enhanced placental blood flow
D)Increased amount of bound drug in maternal circulation

Question 9

A 22-year-old patient is in the 26th week of pregnancy and has developed gestational diabetes and pneumonia.She is given medications that pose a possible fetal risk,but the potential benefits may warrant the use of the medications in her situation.Which of the following is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy safety category for this medication?

A)Category B
B)Category C
C)Category D
D)Category X

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding young patients? Select all that apply.

A)The levels of microsomal enzymes are decreased.
B)Perfusion to the kidneys may be decreased,which may result in reduced renal function.
C)First-pass elimination is increased because of higher portal circulation.
D)First-pass elimination is reduced because of the immaturity of the liver.
E)Total body water content is much less than in adults.
F)Gastric emptying is slowed because of slow or irregular peristalsis.
G)Gastric emptying is more rapid because of increased peristaltic activity.

Question 11

An 83-year-old female patient has been given a thiazide diuretic to treat mild heart failure.She and her daughter should be taught to watch for which of the following complications?

A)Dizziness and constipation
B)Fatigue and dehydration
C)Daytime sedation and lethargy
D)Edema and blurred vision

Question 12

Which type of dosage calculation is used most commonly when calculating drug dosages for young patients?

A)Fried's rule
B)Clark's rule
C)Young's rule
D)The mg/kg formula

Question 13

Which one of the following drugs do young patients tolerate as well as or better than adults?

A)Aspirin
B)Digoxin
C)Morphine
D)Phenobarbital

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding young patients?

A)Their levels of microsomal enzymes are decreased compared with those of adults.
B)Their total body water content is much less than that of adults.
C)Their first-pass elimination is increased because of higher portal circulation.
D)Gastric emptying is more rapid than that of adults because of increased peristaltic activity.