Deck 36: Activity and Exercise

Question 1

The patient weighs 204.5 kg (450 pounds)and complains of shortness of breath with any exertion.His health care provider has recommended that he begin an exercise program.He states that he can hardly get out of bed and just cannot do anything around the house.To focus on the cause of the patient's complaints,the nurse devises which of the following nursing diagnoses?

A)Activity intolerance related to excessive weight.
B)Activity intolerance related to bed rest.
C)Impaired gas exchange related to shortness of breath.
D)Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.

Answer 1

Activity intolerance related to excessive weight.

Question 2

An active lifestyle is important for maintaining and promoting health.In developing an exercise program,what should the nurse know?

A)Physical exercise is contraindicated for patients with chronic illnesses.
B)Regular physical activity is beneficial only for the body part that is exercised.
C)Physical exercise has no effect on psychological well-being.
D)Physical activity enhances functioning of all body systems.

Answer 2

Physical activity enhances functioning of all body systems.

Question 3

Isotonic,isometric,and resistive isometric are three categories of exercise.They are classified according to the type of muscle contraction involved.Of the following exercises,which are considered isotonic?

A)Bicycling,swimming,walking,jogging,dancing.
B)Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts.
C)Push-ups,hip lifting,pushing feet against a footboard on the bed.
D)Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles.

Answer 3

Bicycling,swimming,walking,jogging,dancing.

Question 4

How is joint degeneration unlike arthritis?

A)Joint degeneration results only from noninflammatory disease.
B)Joint degeneration results only from inflammatory disease.
C)Joint degeneration involves overgrowth of bone at the articular ends.
D)Joint degeneration affects mostly non-weight-bearing joints.

Question 5

The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system maintain balance,posture,and body alignment.What does body alignment refer to?

A)A low centre of gravity balanced over a wide base of support.
B)The result of weight,centre of gravity,and balance.
C)The relationship of one body part to another.
D)The force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.

Question 6

The nurse is developing an exercise plan for a patient with heart failure and a nursing diagnosis of Exercise intolerance.In doing so,what should the nurse include?

A)Plan for 20 minutes of continuous aerobic activity and increase as tolerated.
B)Perform 5-minute walks at the patient's pace at least 2 times a day.
C)Instruct the patient that he should not take his b-adrenergic blocker medication on exercise days.
D)Encourage a high-calorie diet to plan for extra calorie expenditure.

Question 7

The nurse is preparing to position an immobile patient.Before doing so,the nurse must understand which of the following?

A)Manual lifting is the easier method and should be tried first.
B)Following body mechanics principles alone will prevent back injury.
C)Body mechanics can be ignored when patient-handling equipment is used.
D)Body mechanics alone are not sufficient to prevent injuries.

Question 8

The patient is eager to begin his exercise program with a 3.2-km (2-mile)jog.The nurse instructs the patient to warm up with stretching exercises.The patient states that he is ready and does not want to waste time with a "warm-up." What does the nurse explain about the warm-up?

A)It allows the body to readjust gradually to baseline functioning.
B)It prepares the body and decreases the potential for injury.
C)It should not involve stretching exercises because they can lead to injury.
D)It should be performed with high intensity to prepare for the coming challenge.

Question 9

Which of the following exercise activities would probably provide the opportunity for mind-body awareness?

A)Warm-up activity.
B)Resistance training.
C)Aerobic exercise.
D)Cool-down activity.

Question 10

A structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation is known as which of the following?

A)Scoliosis.
B)Osteogenesis.
C)Osteomalacia.
D)Arthritis.

Question 11

In planning a physical activity program for a patient,what must the nurse must understand?

A)Isotonic exercises cause contraction without changing muscle length.
B)The best program includes a combination of exercises.
C)Isometric contraction involves the movement of body parts.
D)Resistive isometric exercises can lead to bone wasting.

Question 12

The nurse is preparing to reposition a patient.Before doing so,what must the nurse do?

A)Assess the weight to be lifted and the assistance needed.
B)Attempt to manually lift the patient alone before asking for assistance.
C)Attempt a manual lift only when lifting most or all of the patient's weight.
D)Not use the agency lift team if a mechanical lift is available.

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of all back pain is associated with manual lifting tasks?

A)More than 10%.
B)More than 20%.
C)More than 40%.
D)More than 50%.

Question 14

The nurse is developing an exercise program for older patients living in a nursing home.To develop a beneficial health promotion program,what must the nurse need to understand about older people?

A)Exercise is of very little benefit because the patients are old.
B)It is important to disregard their current interests in favour of exercise.
C)No physical benefit can be gained without a formal exercise program.
D)Adjustments to exercise programs may have to be made to prevent problems.

Question 15

The patient has been bedridden for several months because of severe heart disease.In determining a plan of care for this patient that will address his activity level,the nurse formulates which of the following nursing diagnoses?

A)Fatigue related to poor physical condition.
B)Impaired gas exchange related to decreased cardiac output.
C)Decreased cardiac output related to decreased myocardial contractility.
D)Activity intolerance related to physical deconditioning.

Question 16

Many patients find it difficult to incorporate an exercise program into their daily lives because of time constraints.For these patients,it is beneficial to reinforce that many activities of daily living (ADLs)are used to accumulate the recommended 30 minutes or more per day of moderate-intensity physical activity.When instructing these patients,what should the nurse explain?

A)Housework is not considered an aerobic exercise.
B)To strengthen back muscles,the patient should bend using back muscles.
C)Daily chores should begin with gentle stretches.
D)The patient should stick to one chore until it is done before beginning a new one.

Question 17

The patient is brought to the emergency department with possible injury to his shoulder.To help determine the degree of injury,what should the nurse evaluate?

A)The patient's gait.
B)The patient's range of motion.
C)Fine motor coordination.
D)Activity tolerance.

Question 18

The nurse is attempting to start an exercise program in a local community as a health promotion project.In explaining the purpose of the project,what does the nurse explain to community leaders?

A)A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of health-related problems.
B)The recommended frequency of workouts should be twice a day.
C)An exercise prescription should incorporate aerobic exercise only.
D)The purpose of weight training is to bulk up muscles.

Question 19

The nurse is providing care to a patient who is bedridden.To avoid becoming fatigued,the nurse raises the height of the patient's bed.The nurse understands that raising the bed helps maintain balance in what way?

A)It prevents a shift in the nurse's base of support.
B)It narrows the nurse's base of support.
C)It allows the nurse to bring his or her feet close together.
D)It shifts the centre of gravity farther away from the nurse's base of support.

Question 20

The nurse is examining a patient who is admitted to the emergency department with severe elbow pain.Of the following situations,which would cause the nurse to suspect a ligament tear or joint fracture?

A)Range of motion of the elbow is limited.
B)Joint motion is greater than normal.
C)The patient has arthritis.
D)The elbow cannot be moved (frozen).

Question 21

Bones perform five functions in the body: support,protection,movement,mineral storage,and hematopoiesis.In the discussion of body mechanics,which are the most important? (Select all that apply. )

A)Support.
B)Protection.
C)Movement.
D)Mineral storage.
E)Hematopoiesis.

Question 22

In assisting the patient to exercise,which of the following should the nurse do?

A)Expect that pain will occur with exercise of unused muscle groups.
B)Set the pace for the exercise.
C)Force muscles or joints to go just beyond resistance.
D)Stop the exercise if the patient experiences pain.

Question 23

In developing a nursing care plan for increasing activity tolerance in a patient,what should the nurse include? (Select all that apply. )

A)Use of generalized therapies because they work for everyone.
B)Consultation with members of the health care team.
C)Avoidance of isometric exercise.
D)Involving the patient and the patient's family in designing an exercise plan.
E)Consideration of the patient's ability to increase activity level.

Question 24

A 40-year-old healthy woman has presented to the clinic for a physical examination.When the patient asks the nurse to recommend the amount of time she should spend per week doing moderate-intensity physical activity,what should the nurse recommend?

A)One hour per week or 15 minutes a day for 4 days.
B)Thirty minutes or more a day,for a weekly total of 150 minutes.
C)One hour per day,for a weekly total of 7 hours.
D)Ten minutes a day,for a total of 60 minutes per week.

Question 25

When assessing the activity tolerance of a patient,the nurse would evaluate which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)Skeletal abnormalities
B)Emotional factors.
C)Age.
D)Pregnancy status.
E)Race.

Question 26

The patient is admitted with a stroke.The prognosis is uncertain,but the patient is unable to move his right arm and leg.What should the nurse keep in mind?

A)Active range of motion is the only thing that will prevent contractures from forming.
B)Passive range of motion must be instituted to help prevent contracture formation.
C)Range-of-motion exercises should be started 2 days after the patient is stable.
D)Range-of-motion exercises should be done on major joints only.

Question 27

The nurse is ambulating a patient in the hall when she notices that he is beginning to fall.What should the nurse do?

A)Grab the patient and hold him tight to prevent the fall.
B)Gently lower the patient to the floor.
C)Jump back and let the patient fall naturally.
D)Push the patient against the wall and guide him to the floor.

Question 28

The nurse is working with the patient in developing an exercise plan.The patient tells the nurse that she just will not participate in a formal exercise program.The nurse then suggests that exercise activities can be incorporated into activities of daily living.The patient seems to be agreeable to that concept.Of the following activities,which would be considered a formal resistance training activity?

A)Doing laundry.
B)Making the bed.
C)Ironing.
D)Kneading bread.

Question 29

To promote resistive isometric exercise,the nurse helps the patient on bed rest by encouraging which one of the following?

A)Quadriceps setting.
B)Gluteal muscle contraction.
C)Moving the arms and legs in circles.
D)Pushing against a footboard.

Question 30

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a diagnosis of Activity intolerance.Of the following strategies,which has the best chance of maintaining patient compliance?

A)Performing 20 minutes of aerobic exercise daily with 10-minute warm-up and cool-down periods
B)Instructing the patient to use an exercise log to record day,time,duration,and responses to exercise activity
C)Instructing the patient on the evils of not exercising,and getting her to take responsibility for her current health status
D)Arranging for the patient to join a gym for which she will have to pay,so that she does not need to depend on insurance