Deck 18: Drug-Nutrient Interactions

Question 1

Natural licorice is sometimes used to heal gastric ulcers, but it has a side effect of:

A) hypotension.
B) hypertension.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyperglycemia.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Use of oral hypoglycemic agents in combination with alcohol may cause:

A) loss of potassium.
B) chronic blood loss.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyperglycemia.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The age group that is at greatest risk for developing a drug-nutrient interaction is:

A) infants.
B) adolescents.
C) middle-age adults.
D) older adults.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Drugs that can depress appetite include:

A) anticoagulants.
B) antihistamines.
C) antibiotics.
D) alcohol.

Question 5

Use of tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs such as amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), and clozapine (Clozaril) can result in:

A) weight loss.
B) constipation.
C) weight gain.
D) fluid retention.

Question 6

One reason why older adults may experience harmful drug-nutrient interactions is that they:

A) handle drugs more efficiently.
B) are more likely to be taking several drugs.
C) are less likely to have malnutrition.
D) have consistent responses to drugs.

Question 7

A drug that may help increase nutrient absorption in gastrointestinal disorders is:

A) tetracycline.
B) furosemide.
C) cimetidine.
D) insulin.

Question 8

A type of medication that can stimulate appetite is:

A) diuretics.
B) antihistamines.
C) antipyretics.
D) antibiotics.

Question 9

Calcification of soft tissue may occur from long-term use of:

A) aspirin.
B) antacids.
C) antibiotics.
D) antihistamines.

Question 10

A medication that can interfere with nutrient absorption via chelation is:

A) alcohol.
B) warfarin.
C) cimetidine.
D) penicillamine.

Question 11

Iron deficiency related to chronic blood loss may be caused by the use of:

A) aspirin.
B) antibiotics.
C) diuretics.
D) antidepressants.

Question 12

Symptoms such as weakness, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and apprehension indicate a deficiency of:

A) manganese.
B) calcium.
C) potassium.
D) iron.

Question 13

Potassium deficiency may be caused by the use of:

A) aspirin.
B) penicillin.
C) antacids.
D) diuretics.

Question 14

The term used to describe the loss of taste sensation is:

A) dyspnea.
B) dysplasia.
C) dysgeusia.
D) dyspepsia.

Question 15

A type of over-the-counter drug that can produce severe malabsorption is:

A) pain relievers.
B) antacids.
C) antihistamines.
D) laxatives.

Question 16

One way that some drugs can cause mineral depletion is through:

A) increased gastric absorption.
B) increased renal excretion.
C) decreased antibody production.
D) decreased hemoglobin production.

Question 17

Use of anabolic steroids can result in:

A) increased lean body mass.
B) decreased lean body mass.
C) increased glycogen stores.
D) decreased glycogen stores.

Question 18

A type of drug that may cause weight gain in clients is:

A) amphetamines.
B) diuretics.
C) insulin.
D) antibiotics.

Question 19

Any drug that prevents absorption of vitamin D will indirectly cause a deficiency of:

A) protein.
B) sodium.
C) calcium.
D) vitamin A.

Question 20

A type of drug that may cause stomach irritation and even gastric bleeding is:

A) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
B) antineoplastic drugs.
C) antipsychotics and antidepressants.
D) antihistamines.

Question 21

The chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate has multiple antagonistic effects on:

A) ascorbic acid.
B) tocopherol.
C) thiamin.
D) folic acid.

Question 22

Drugs such as the antimalaria drug pyrimethamine inhibit the action of:

A) riboflavin.
B) cobalamin.
C) pyridoxine.
D) folate.

Question 23

Hypoglycemic drugs prescribed to control type 2 diabetes may precipitate hypoglycemia by:

A) preventing metabolism of insulin.
B) raising the blood glucose level.
C) stimulating release of insulin.
D) preventing metabolism of potassium.

Question 24

Slower gastric emptying will tend to cause drug absorption to:

A) stay the same.
B) decrease.
C) increase.
D) greatly increase.

Question 25

A medication that adversely affects folic acid metabolism is:

A) warfarin (Coumadin).
B) methotrexate.
C) sedative drugs.
D) monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Question 26

Grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of several drugs by:

A) blocking a cytochrome system in the small intestine.
B) dissolving more of the drug due to acidity.
C) enhancing carrier proteins that absorb the drug.
D) delaying breakdown of the drug in the liver.

Question 27

The medication used in the treatment of alcoholism that may cause nausea, vomiting, and headache when alcohol is consumed is:

A) chlorpropamide (Diabinese).
B) methotrexate.
C) disulfiram (Antabuse).
D) cimetidine.

Question 28

Research has shown that the beneficial effects of aspirin are the result of inhibition of:

A) gastrointestinal function.
B) prostaglandins.
C) liver enzymes.
D) pancreatic secretions.

Question 29

A severe tyramine reaction may cause a crisis due to:

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) hypertension.
D) hypotension.

Question 30

A diuretic that may cause high blood potassium levels is:

A) spironolactone.
B) furosemide (Lasix).
C) hydrochlorothiazide.
D) phenobarbital.

Question 31

The class of medications associated with tyramine syndrome is:

A) antipyretics.
B) anticoagulants.
C) monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
D) oral contraceptives.

Question 32

A drug that should not be used in the latter part of pregnancy because it may cause birth defects is:

A) insulin.
B) tetracycline.
C) aspirin.
D) cimetidine.

Question 33

Absorption of iron is improved by eating foods that are high in:

A) vitamin A.
B) folate.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin K.

Question 34

It is important to ask patients if they use herbal remedies because:

A) the patient may not need to take traditional drugs.
B) it is important to avoid using herbal and traditional drugs at the same time.
C) herbal remedies may have adverse interactions with drugs.
D) herbal remedies are usually less expensive than traditional treatments.

Question 35

Abuse of alcohol can lead to low levels of:

A) vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium.
B) potassium, magnesium, and zinc.
C) folate, vitamin B₁₂, and iron.
D) vitamins A, D, and K.

Question 36

Absorption of tetracycline is hindered when ingested with:

A) diuretics.
B) milk.
C) meat products.
D) high-fiber foods.

Question 37

A nutrient that delays gastric emptying time, thereby creating more optimal saturation rates for drug absorption is:

A) fat.
B) carbohydrate.
C) vitamins.
D) protein.

Question 38

A vitamin that can help overcome pulmonary oxygen toxicity is:

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin C.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 39

The anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin) acts as an antagonist to:

A) vitamin K.
B) pyridoxine.
C) vitamin B₁₂.
D) folic acid.

Question 40

Aspirin may have beneficial effects for patients with:

A) peptic ulcer.
B) diabetes.
C) irritable bowel syndrome.
D) arthritis.

Question 41

The goal of coordinating food service, pharmacy, and clinical nutrition in hospital settings is to:

A) ensure that patients are not prescribed unnecessary drugs.
B) minimize adverse drug-nutrient interactions.
C) prevent malpractice lawsuits due to food and medication errors.
D) treat patients with diet rather than drugs whenever possible.

Question 42

Megadose intakes of pyridoxine or folate reduce the effectiveness of some:

A) tranquilizers.
B) anticonvulsants.
C) antibiotics.
D) antiinflammatories.

Question 43

Vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower can accelerate medication metabolism because they:

A) stimulate enzymes in the liver.
B) contain oxalic acid.
C) decrease urinary excretion.
D) contain tyramine.

Question 44

Responsibility for monitoring drug-food-nutrient interactions is assumed by:

A) the physician and nurse.
B) the physician and clinical dietitian.
C) the pharmacist and nurse.
D) the clinical dietitian and pharmacist.

Question 45

The action of liver enzymes that metabolize drugs is influenced by relative dietary quantities of:

A) vitamins and minerals.
B) protein and amino acids.
C) fluid and electrolytes.
D) carbohydrate and fat.

Question 46

An example of a cruciferous vegetable is:

A) broccoli.
B) carrots.
C) peas.
D) lettuce.

Question 47

A cooking method that can increase hepatic drug metabolism through enzyme induction is:

A) deep frying.
B) pan flying.
C) gas grilling.
D) charcoal grilling.

Question 48

A meal that may be inappropriate for a patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) is:

A) spinach salad with chicken and strawberries.
B) carrot soup with whole grain bread.
C) French bread with aged cheese.
D) cheeseburger with fries.