Question 1

Blood returns to the fetus through which of the following pathways&#10;A)Umbilical vein, ductus venosus, foreman ovale, umbilical artery&#10;B)Umbilical artery, ductus arteriosus, foreman ovale, umbilical artery&#10;C)Umbilical artery, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, umbilical artery&#10;D)Umbilical vein, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, ductus venosus, umbilical artery

Accepted Answer

Blood returns to the fetus through the umbilical vein, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus. The blood then enters the ductus venosus, which bypasses the liver and enters the inferior vena cava. From there, the blood flows to the right atrium of the heart where it can either pass through the foramen ovale (a hole between the two atria) or pass into the right ventricle and then through the pulmonary artery. Since the baby’s lungs are not yet functioning, the majority of the blood will pass through the foramen ovale and into the left atrium of the heart. Finally, the blood will be pumped out of the heart and into the body through the aorta or returned to the placenta through the umbilical artery.

Question 2

The foramen ovale Connects the:&#10;A)Right ventricle to the left ventricle&#10;B)Right atrium to the left ventricle&#10;C)Right atrium to the left atrium&#10;D)Right atrium to the left ventricle

Accepted Answer

The foramen ovale is a hole in the interatrial septum, which connects the right atrium to the left atrium during fetal development. It allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs and go directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, therefore bypassing the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation. Once the baby is born and takes its first breath, the pressure in the left side of the heart increases, closing the foramen ovale and establishing normal blood flow through both ventricles. So, the correct choice is C, which states that the foramen ovale connects the right atrium to the left atrium.

Question 3

What simple test utilizes a sample of amniotic fluid Combined with ethanol to determine lung maturity&#10;A)Surfactant-albumin ratio (S/A)&#10;B)Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L/S)&#10;C)TDx Fetal Lung Maturity test&#10;D)Foam test

Accepted Answer

The Foam test, also known as the shake test, is a simple procedure where amniotic fluid is mixed with ethanol to observe the formation of stable foam, indicating the presence of pulmonary surfactant and thus fetal lung maturity.

Question 4

Despite increased knowledge and preventative care, what percent of all preterm births are unexplained and spontaneous&#10;A)20%&#10;B)25%&#10;C)30%&#10;D)35%

Accepted Answer

Despite medical advancements and knowledge, approximately 30% of all preterm births are still unexplained and spontaneous. This highlights the need for continued research and understanding of the complexities surrounding premature birth.

Question 5

What substance speeds up lung growth and reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome&#10;A)Indomethacin&#10;B)Terbutaline&#10;C)ToColytic drugs&#10;D)GluCoCortiCoids

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids have been shown to speed up lung growth and reduce the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. They increase the production of surfactant, which helps prevent the collapse of the lungs during exhalation. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used as a tocolytic, or labor suppressant. Terbutaline is a beta-2 agonist that is also used as a tocolytic. Tocolytic drugs are used to delay preterm labor, but they do not have a direct effect on lung growth or respiratory distress syndrome.

Question 6

During fetal development, what structure allows circulation to bypass the lungs&#10;A)Septum primum&#10;B)Ductus venosus&#10;C)Ductus arteriosus&#10;D)Foramen ovale

Accepted Answer

The ductus arteriosus is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that allows circulation to bypass the lungs before birth. This structure closes shortly after birth, redirecting blood flow to the lungs.

Question 7

At which week of development is the one-chambered heart efficiently pumping blood to the embryo&#10;A)3 weeks&#10;B)5 weeks&#10;C)4 weeks&#10;D)2 weeks

Accepted Answer

At around 4 weeks of development, the one-chambered heart begins to efficiently pump blood to the developing embryo. By week 5, the heart has divided into four chambers. Week 2 is too early for a heart to have formed, and week 3 is when the heart first starts to beat, but it is not yet efficient at pumping blood.

Question 8

During which lung development stage do the right and left lung buds arise from the esophagus&#10;A)Canalicular phase&#10;B)Pseudoglandular phase&#10;C)Saccular phase&#10;D)Embryonic phase

Accepted Answer

The development of the right and left lung buds from the esophagus occurs during the embryonic phase, which is the earliest stage of lung development (usually occurring between weeks 4-7 of gestation). During this phase, the lung buds emerge as two evaginations from the foregut (part of the embryonic gut tube that will give rise to the respiratory and digestive systems), which will eventually differentiate into the right and left lungs.

Question 9

What percentage of live births occurs before the 37-week gestation period&#10;A)10%&#10;B)15%&#10;C)12%&#10;D)18%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 12% of live births occur before the 37-week gestation period, classifying them as preterm births.

Question 10

Which lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio designates lung maturity&#10;A)2:1; 5% chance to develop respiratory distress syndrome if delivered&#10;B)1:1; 1% chance to develop respiratory distress syndrome if delivered&#10;C)2:1; 2% chance to develop respiratory distress syndrome if delivered&#10;D)1.5:1.5; 1% chance to develop respiratory distress syndrome if delivered

Accepted Answer

The lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of 2:1 is generally considered indicative of fetal lung maturity, with a significantly reduced risk of the newborn developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The specific percentage risk can vary, but a 2% chance is a commonly cited figure in this context.

Question 11

At the end of which phase does mature surfactant begin to appear, so that the neonate is at minimal risk of pulmonary Complications&#10;A)Alveolar phase&#10;B)Saccular phase&#10;C)Canalicular phase&#10;D)Pseudoglandular phase

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the end of which phase does...

Question 12

During which lung development phase does phosphatidylglycerol (PG) first appear&#10;A)Saccular phase&#10;B)Pseudoglandular phase&#10;C)Canalicular phase&#10;D)Alveolar phase

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which lung development phase does phosphatidylglycerol...

Question 13

In fetal circulation, the ______atrium is at higher pressure than the ______ atrium.&#10;A)left/right&#10;B)right/left

Accepted Answer

The answer of In fetal circulation, the ______atrium is at...

Question 14

What measuring tool for due date estimation is effective at young gestational age as a result of size variability being minimal&#10;A)Biparietal diameter&#10;B)Crown-rump&#10;C)Transverse diameter of the head&#10;D)Head circumference

Accepted Answer

The answer of What measuring tool for due date estimation...

Question 15

What structure vasoConstricts after the umbilical Cord is clamped&#10;A)Ductus arteriosus&#10;B)Ligamentum venosum&#10;C)Foramen ovale&#10;D)Ductus venosus

Accepted Answer

The answer of What structure vasoConstricts after the umbilical Cord...

Question 16

The cerebrum Controls all of the following except:&#10;A)Consciousness and higher mental thinking&#10;B)Reasoning and judgment&#10;C)Involuntary muscular activities and learning&#10;D)Emotions and intelligence

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cerebrum Controls all of the following...

Question 17

Fetal lung fluid Composition Consists of which of the following&#10;A)Very high pH, low bicarbonate and protein levels, lower sodium and high chloride Concentrations&#10;B)Very low pH, low bicarbonate and protein levels, higher sodium and high chloride Concentrations&#10;C)Very low pH, low bicarbonate and protein levels, lower sodium and low chloride Concentrations&#10;D)Very high pH, low bicarbonate and protein levels, high sodium and low chloride Concentrations

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fetal lung fluid Composition Consists of which...

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not true about the germinal matrix&#10;A)The germinal matrix is a weakly supported and highly vascularized area at the surface of the lateral ventricles that is prone to hypoxic-ischemic injury.&#10;B)The germinal matrix is irregular and prone to rupture.&#10;C)The germinal matrix leads to a low incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates.&#10;D)An increase in systemic blood pressure in a premature infant will increase cerebral blood flow.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is not...

Question 19

Starting at which week during the gestational period can the presence of mucus be found in the fetal lung&#10;A)13 weeks&#10;B)12 weeks&#10;C)14 weeks&#10;D)11 weeks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Starting at which week during the gestational...

Question 20

During which gestational phase have the airways begun to branch to approximately four generations&#10;A)Embryonic phase&#10;B)Saccular phase&#10;C)Pseudoglandular phase&#10;D)Canalicular phase

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which gestational phase have the airways...

Question 21

During the first appearance of pulmonary surfactant, type 1 cells also appear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the first appearance of pulmonary surfactant,...

Question 22

The alveolar phase is Considered to end at about the first or seCond year of life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The alveolar phase is Considered to end...

Question 23

What lung profile test is Considered less reliable and is ordered only 27% of the time in clinical practice&#10;A)Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio&#10;B)Lamellar body Count&#10;C)Phosphatidylcholine (PG) presence&#10;D)Surfactant-albumin (S/A) ratio

Accepted Answer

The answer of What lung profile test is Considered less...

Question 24

Higher surface tension improves lung Compliance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Higher surface tension improves lung Compliance....

Question 25

Which lung profile test is Considered a simple, rapid test that is widely used and requires a low level of expertise and a small volume (1 mL) of amniotic fluid&#10;A)Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio&#10;B)Shake test&#10;C)Phosphatidylcholine (PG) presence&#10;D)Surfactant-albumin (S/A) ratio

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lung profile test is Considered a...

Deck 2: Fetal Cardiopulmonary Development