Deck 13: Asthma

Question 1

What test is instrumental in identifying clinical severity of airway hyperresponsiveness

A)Methacholine challenge
B)Acetylcholine challenge
C)Airway remodeling challenge
D)Bronchodilator and peak flow testing

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How long does it take for a short-acting beta agonist to show its effectiveness

A)4-8 hours
B)1-2 hours
C)2-6 hours
D)2-3 hours

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What specific pulmonary function tests are most valuable for asthma diagnosis
I)Forced vital capacity (FVC)
II)Forced expiratory volume after 1 seCond (FEV₁)
III)Forced expiratory volume after 6 seConds (FEV₆)
IV)FEV₁/FVC
V)Forced expiratory volume after 3 seConds (FEV₃)
VI)(FEV₆/FEV₁)

A)I, II, III, and VI
B)I, II, III, and IV
C)I, III, IV, and V
D)I, II, III, IV, and V

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What function do cromones perform

A)Stabilize mast cells and interfere with chloride channel function, preventing mediator release and airway inflammation.
B)Block late phase reaction to allergens, reduce hyperresponsiveness, and inhibit activation and migration of inflammatory cells.
C)Stimulate the central nervous system and cardiac muscles, but also stimulate respiratory drive or strengthen diaphragm muscles.
D)Act by preventing leukotrienes from causing airway inflammation in asthma.

Question 5

What allergic disease has been classified as the greatest clinical and eConomic burden

A)Obstructive sleep apnea
B)Asthma
C)Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
D)Ragweed allergy

Question 6

A positive result of a bronchoprovocation test would suggest all of the following except: I.Diagnosis of asthma
II)Ruling out asthma
III)Reduction in forced expiratory volume greater than 20%
IV)Decrease of 50% in forced expiratory volume after 1 seCond
V)Hyperresponsiveness of the airway

A)I, III, and V
B)II, IV, and V
C)I, II, and IV
D)III and IV

Question 7

Predictors associated with increased risk of asthma exacerbations or death as a result of asthma include all of the following except: I.Two or more emergency department visits or hospitalizations within the past year
II)Patient cigarette use
III)Moderate airflow obstruction seen in pulmonary function testing
IV)Patient reporting being frightened by his or her asthma
V)Patient using medications as prescribed
VI)Numerous intubation and intensive care unit admissions in the past 5 years

A)I, III, IV, and V
B)I, II, IV, and VI
C)II, III, IV, and V
D)II, IV, V, and VI

Question 8

What patient history information is essential to obtain from a new patient who is suspected to have asthma
I)Presence of shortness of breath
II)Presence of chest tightness
III)History of bacterial respiratory infections
IV)Environmental allergens
V)Age at onset of symptoms
VI)Ability to Cope with current symptoms
VII)Substance abuse history

A)I, III, IV, V, and VI
B)I, III, V, VI, and VII
C)I, II, IV, V, VI, and VII
D)I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII

Question 9

What physiological and environmental mechanisms Contribute to nocturnal asthma symptoms
I)Sleep state-induced parasympathetic tone
II)Increased lung volume and subsequent airway smooth muscle uploading
III)Circadian rhythms
IV)Reduced nocturnal body temperature
V)Gastroesophageal reflux
VI)Obstructed sleep apnea

A)I, II, III, and IV
B)II, III, IV, and V
C)I, II, III, V, and VI
D)I, III, IV, V, and VI

Question 10

Management of asthma includes which of the following
I)Controlling asthma triggers
II)Educating patient
III)Lifestyle changes
IV)Drug maintenance plan
V)Designing an asthma action plan

A)I, IV, and V
B)I, III, IV, and V
C)I, II, III, IV, and V
D)I, II, and III

Question 11

What are some possible side effects of using systemic CortiCosteroids to treat asthma
I)Suppression of immune system
II)Hypotension
III)Hyperglycemia
IV)Diabetes mellitus
V)Hampers growth in children
VI)Hypoglycemia

A)I, III, IV, and V
B)II, IV, V, and VI
C)I, II, IV, and VI
D)II, III, V, and VI

Question 12

Which factors must you Consider when assessing a patient's risk for asthma
I)Family history
II)Race
III)Gender
IV)Age
V)Ethnicity
VI)Birth weight
VII)SocioeConomic status

A)I, II, III, IV, and V
B)III, IV, V, and VI
C)I, II, III, V, VI, and VII
D)I, V, VI, and VII

Question 13

Status asthmaticus responds to what therapy initially
A.Albuterol
B.Flonase
C.Xopenex
D.Flovent diskus
E.Maxair
F.Leukotriene modifiers
G.None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following cells are chemical mediators that produce an immediate hypersensitivity response
I)Mast cells
II)Dendritic cells
III)Histamine
IV)Leukotrienes
V)Prostaglandins

A)I, II, and III
B)II, IV, and V
C)I, II, and IV
D)III, IV, and V

Question 15

Which of the following are symptoms of a severe asthma exacerbation
I)Accessory muscle use
II)Cyanosis
III)Decreased level of Consciousness
IV)PaCO₂ greater than 40 mm Hg
V)PaO₂ less than 80 mm Hg
VI)SpO₂ 90%-92%

A)III, IV, V, and VI
B)II, III, and IV
C)I, II, and III
D)I, II, III, and VI

Question 16

Which of the following hypotheses suggest that a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents and parasites suppresses a person's immune system development and increases his or her susceptibility to allergic diseases

A)Atopy hypothesis
B)Genetic heredity hypothesis
C)Hygiene hypothesis
D)Allergen hypothesis

Question 17

Which of the following are Considered indoor allergenic triggers
I)Cockroaches
II)Dust mites
III)Wood and gas stoves
IV)TobacCo smoke
V)Mold

A)I, II, and V
B)III, IV, and V
C)II, III, and IV
D)I, IV, and V

Question 18

Which of the following are Considered outdoor nonallergenic triggers
I)Air pollutants
II)Nitrogen dioxide
III)Wood and gas stoves
IV)TobacCo smoke
V)Mold
VI)Pets

A)II, III, IV, and V
B)I, III, IV, and V
C)I, II, III, and IV
D)I, II, IV, and V

Question 19

Which of the following cells give rise to the chronic inflammation process
I)Basophils
II)Eosinophils
III)Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
IV)Monocytes
V)Neutrophils

A)I and III
B)IV and V
C)II and V
D)III and IV

Question 20

Biomarkers of inflammation can be used to screen for diseases and can be obtained from which of the following
I)Urine
II)Blood
III)Sputum
IV)Feces
V)Exhaled CO₂

A)I, III, V, and VI
B)II, IV, V, and VI
C)I, II, III, and V
D)I, III, and IV

Question 21

Although asthma deaths among children are rare, occurrences of death increase with age.

Question 22

What are the reCommendations for mechanical ventilation during status asthmaticus, regardless of the mode of ventilation
I)Long I-times
II)Short E-times
III)I-time:E-time ratio initially 1:2 or 1:3
IV)Begin with FiO₂ 1.0
V)Begin with a high respiratory rate and wean as tolerated
VI)Avoid a high respiratory rate to allow time for exhalation

A)I, III, IV, and VI
B)III, IV, and VI
C)II, III, IV, and V
D)I, III, and V

Question 23

Children whose asthma symptoms occur before 3 years of age are more likely to develop loss of lung function than those whose symptoms begin later in life.

Question 24

What are the main objectives for ventilator management for a patient in status asthmaticus
I)Adequate gas exchange
II)Bronchodilator therapy
III)Permissive hypercapnia
IV)Low FiO₂
V)Preventing hyperinflation
VI)Preventin ventilator-associated lung injury

A)I, II, III, V, and VI
B)I, III, IV, and VI
C)I, V, and VI
D)II and IV

Question 25

What Combination of drug therapy has significantly reduced symptoms and improved pulmonary function in patients admitted to the hospital for their asthma exacerbation
I)IV magnesium
II)Inhaled short-acting beta agonists
III)Systemic CortiCosteroids
IV)Inhaled magnesium sulfate

A)I, II, III, and IV
B)II, III, and IV
C)I, III, and IV
D)I, II, and III

Question 26

What are the most Common side effects seen with the use of short-acting beta agonists
I)Tremors
II)Tachycardia
III)Tachypnea
IV)Dizziness
V)Nervousness
VI)Blurred vision

A)I, II, III, IV, and V
B)II, IV, V, and VI
C)I, II, IV, and V
D)I, II, III, IV, V, and VI

Question 27

Which of the following are forms of immunotherapy
I)Subcutaneous injections
II)Anti-IgE therapy
III)Antihistamine therapy
IV)Long-acting beta agonists

A)I and III
B)I and II
C)II and IV
D)I only

Question 28

What is the gold standard drug for treating asthma
I)Short-acting beta agonists
II)Long-acting beta agonists
III)Short-acting beta agonists Combined with long-acting beta agonists
IV)Ventolin
V)Levalbuterol

A)I, III, and V
B)I, IV, and V
C)II, III, and IV
D)I, II, and IV

Question 29

What is Considered a weak bronchodilator that reduces respiratory muscle fatigue
I)Caffeine
II)Racemic epinephrine
III)Methylxanthines
IV)Anticholinergics

A)II and IV
B)I and III
C)I and II
D)II and III