Deck 50: Genitourinary Dysfunction

Question 1

The most common cause of acute renal failure in children is:

A)Pyelonephritis.
B)Tubular destruction.
C)Urinary tract obstruction.
D)Severe dehydration.

Answer 1

Severe dehydration.

Question 2

A common side effect of corticosteroid therapy is:

A)Fever.
B)Hypertension.
C)Weight loss.
D)Increased appetite.

Answer 2

Increased appetite.

Question 3

Which factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection?

A)Increased fluid intake
B)Short urethra in young girls
C)Prostatic secretions in males
D)Frequent emptying of the bladder

Answer 3

Short urethra in young girls

Question 4

The narrowing of the preputial opening of foreskin is called:

A)Chordee.
B)Phimosis.
C)Epispadias.
D)Hypospadias.

Question 5

Inflammation of the bladder is called:

A)Cystitis.
B)Urosepsis.
C)Urethritis.
D)Bacteriuria.

Question 6

The nurse closely monitors the temperature of a child with nephrosis. The purpose of this is to detect an early sign of:

A)Infection.
B)Hypertension.
C)Encephalopathy.
D)Edema.

Question 7

The primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure are:

A)Oliguria and hypertension.
B)Hematuria and pallor.
C)Proteinuria and muscle cramps.
D)Bacteriuria and facial edema.

Question 8

What should the nurse recommend to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls?

A)Wearing cotton underpants
B)Limiting bathing as much as possible
C)Increasing fluids;decreasing salt intake
D)Cleansing the perineum with water after voiding

Question 9

A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse would expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show:

A)Bacteriuria,hematuria.
B)Hematuria,proteinuria.
C)Bacteriuria,increased specific gravity.
D)Proteinuria,decreased specific gravity.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What clinical manifestation should he or she recognize as a sign of hyperkalemia?

A)Dyspnea
B)Seizure
C)Oliguria
D)Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 11

Wilms' tumors (nephroblastomas) are located in the:

A)Bone.
B)Brain.
C)Kidney.
D)Lymphatic system.

Question 12

Which diagnostic test allows visualization of renal parenchyma and renal pelvis without exposure to external beam radiation or radioactive isotopes?

A)Renal ultrasound
B)Computed tomography
C)Intravenous pyelography
D)Voiding cystourethrography

Question 13

An objective of care for the child with nephrosis is to:

A)Reduce blood pressure.
B)Reduce excretion of urinary protein.
C)Increase excretion of urinary protein.
D)Increase ability of tissues to retain fluid.

Question 14

Therapeutic management of nephrosis includes:

A)Corticosteroids.
B)Antihypertensive agents.
C)Long-term diuretics.
D)Increased fluids to promote diuresis.

Question 15

Hypospadias refers to:

A)Absence of a urethral opening.
B)Penis shorter than usual for age.
C)Urethral opening along dorsal surface of penis.
D)Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis.

Question 16

A major complication in a child with chronic renal failure is:

A)Hypokalemia.
B)Metabolic alkalosis.
C)Water and sodium retention.
D)Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen.

Question 17

When a child has chronic renal failure,the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as:

A)Uremia.
B)Oliguria.
C)Proteinuria.
D)Pyelonephritis.

Question 18

Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?

A)Hypotension
B)Massive hematuria
C)Hypokalemia
D)Unpleasant "uremic" breath odor

Question 19

The diet of a child with nephrosis usually includes:

A)High protein.
B)Salt restriction.
C)Low fat.
D)High carbohydrate.

Question 20

The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the child with acute glomerulonephritis is:

A)Risk for Injury related to malignant process and treatment.
B)Deficient Fluid Volume related to excessive losses.
C)Excess Fluid Volume related to decreased plasma filtration.
D)Excess Fluid Volume related to fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces.

Question 21

The nurse is caring for an infant with a suspected urinary tract infection. Which clinical manifestations would be observed? Choose all that apply.

A)Vomiting
B)Jaundice
C)Failure to gain weight
D)Swelling of the face
E)Back pain
F) Persistent diaper rash

Question 22

Which statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

A)It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
B)It is preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
C)Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
D)The decision for transplantation is difficult since a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.

Question 23

Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. The purpose of this is to:

A)Prevent vomiting.
B)Bind phosphorus.
C)Stimulate appetite.
D)Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 24

An advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that:

A)Treatments are done in hospitals.
B)Protein loss is less extensive.
C)Dietary limitations are not necessary.
D)Parents and older children can perform treatments.

Question 25

The diet of a child with chronic renal failure is usually characterized as:

A)High in protein.
B)Low in vitamin D.
C)Low in phosphorus.
D)Supplemented with vitamins A,E,and K.

Question 26

One of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost. What best describes this term?

A)Deposits of urea crystals in urine
B)Deposits of urea crystals on skin
C)Overexcretion of blood urea nitrogen
D)Inability of body to tolerate cold temperatures

Question 27

The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just started dialysis. The child seems always angry,hostile,or depressed. The nurse should recognize that this is most likely related to:

A)Neurologic manifestations that occur with dialysis.
B)Physiologic manifestations of renal disease.
C)Adolescents having few coping mechanisms.
D)Adolescents often resenting the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis.