Deck 8: Marriage: a Personal Relationship and Social Institution

Question 1

What has research found: does marriage cause happiness, better health, or better finances or are happier, healthier, and wealthier people more likely to marry in the first place?

A)Marriage causes happiness.
B)Happier people are more likely to marry.
C)Both: marriage causes happiness, good health, and better finances, and happier, healthier, and wealthier people are likely to marry.
D)Neither: marriage does not seem to cause happiness, and there is no evidence that happier people are likely to marry.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Antimiscegenation laws were meant to:

A)repay Japanese Americans for their internment during World War II
B)maintain the power and privilege of Whites and to uphold widely held beliefs about racial purity
C)prohibit child marriages
D)provide an avenue for women to file for divorce from their husbands when it was otherwise illegal to do so
E)allow gays and lesbians to wed

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the Census Bureau data, which group is most likely to be married?

A)Hispanics
B)Whites
C)Blacks
D)Asians
E)Hispanics and Whites are about equally likely to be married

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Martha works a full-time job, as does her husband Ed, but she finds that when she comes home from work she is responsible for most of the household labor and care of their daughter. These responsibilities at home are referred to as:

A)the marriage movement
B)the marital decline perspective
C)the second shift
D)homework
E)unfair!

Question 5

The "wedding industrial complex" refers to:

A)elaborate wedding ceremonies that became more common after the Industrial Revolution
B)the process by which parents arrange the marriages of their children before those children are even adolescents
C)the Islamic tradition of segregating the wedding reception by sex
D)couples in developing countries often shunning traditional wedding clothing and wanting to look like brides and grooms from industrialized developed countries
E)a huge multibillion-dollar entity that is dominated by many intertwined social institutions

Question 6

How do high school seniors feel about the importance of a good marriage and family life?

A)The majority of girls feel that it is extremely important, but only about half of the boys feel this way.
B)Eight in ten girls, and about seven in ten boys, feel that it is extremely important.
C)The majority of boys and girls feel that it is extremely important, but boys are more likely than girls to feel this way.
D)The percentage of boys and girls who feel this way has increased substantially since the 1990s.
E)Virtually all girls believe that it is extremely important, and almost 90 percent of boys also feel this way.

Question 7

One universal feature of marriage is that:

A)the woman always wears white on her wedding day
B)spouses are always best friends
C)there is always an avenue for divorce if it does not work out
D)its beginning is marked in some way by a ceremony
E)it cannot occur among siblings or first cousins

Question 8

According to Figure 8.2, what happened to marriage between 1970 and 2009?

A)The percentage of men who were married remained about the same, but it declined for women.
B)The percentage of men and women who were married remained about the same.
C)The percentage of men who were married declined, but it increased for women.
D)The percentage of men who were married increased, but it declined for women.
E)The percentage of men and women who were married declined.

Question 9

Antimiscegenation laws:

A)banned marriage between Whites and other races
B)were struck down in all fifty states by 1945
C)banned marriage between people of different races or ethnic groups
D)represent a type of marriage that restricts access to divorce
E)legalize same-sex marriage

Question 10

Researchers have found that married people tend to be happier, healthier, and better off financially than unmarried or cohabiting couples. This is known as _________.

A)covenant marriage
B)the marriage premium
C)the second shift perspective
D)the marital benefit
E)the single penalty

Question 11

Sam believes that the institution of marriage is increasingly being threatened by hedonistic pursuits of personal happiness at the expense of a long-term commitment. He feels that this threat to marriage results in many other social problems, including poverty and juvenile delinquency. Sam is voicing the:

A)benefits of marriage perspective
B)marital resilience perspective
C)covenant marriage perspective
D)marital decline perspective
E)marital selection effect perspective

Question 12

Many changes have occurred to marriage since the 1960s. Which is NOT one of those changes?

A)large increases in nonmarital sexual activity
B)large increases in dual-earner households
C)far greater acceptance of having babies outside of marriage
D)large increases in the number of people who cohabit
E)somewhat more equitable division of household labor

Question 13

When Jeff's wife died unexpectedly, leaving him to care for his two school-aged sons by himself, his parents-in-law stepped in to provide a lot of help to him. They took care of the boys after school until Jeff returned home from work, and they usually brought dinner over at least once a week. This is an example of

A)capital caring
B)antimiscegenation capital
C)social capital
D)capital resilience
E)human capital

Question 14

Marriage seems to have many advantages. Which is NOT one of them?

A)better psychological well-being
B)better physical health
C)additional economic advantages
D)more enjoyable sex
E)less social capital

Question 15

Jamie and Megan were born in different countries: Jamie is from Cuba, and Megan was born in the U.S. They share the same religious faith; however, Jamie's parents speak primarily Spanish at home, and Megan does not know Spanish. Jamie and Megan's upcoming marriage is an example of an:

A)interethnic marriage
B)interrelated marriage
C)intermiscegenation marriage
D)interracial marriage
E)intercovenant marriage

Question 16

Why do parents in Iraq often have their children marry their cousins, according to the feature box?

A)Kin relationships are primary, and therefore it is safer than marrying a stranger.
B)There is a shortage of available men for marriage because of the war.
C)Nepotism is seen as a civic problem.
D)To assist women with obtaining a college education, which is considered increasingly important in their society.
E)Actually, parents in Iraq often have their children marry their neighbors.

Question 17

Today the average age of marriage is ________ for men and ________ for women.

A)32; 29
B)28; 26
C)26; 25
D)24; 24
E)30; 29

Question 18

Wow! Jenny just returned from Norway, where she discovered all the social programs they have for families to help them raise children to be healthy and strong. She agreed with Norway that the real threats to marriage and family life are things like poverty, discrimination, lack of child care, or poorly funded schools. She believes in the:

A)marital resiliency perspective
B)covenant marriage perspective
C)marital movement perspective
D)family socialism perspective
E)marital decline perspective

Question 19

There are several reasons that Blacks have the lowest marriage rates, according to the text. Which is NOT one of these reasons?

A)Blacks value marriage less than do other groups.
B)Blacks have set high standards for marriage and they sometimes cannot meet these standards.
C)Some Black communities have a skewed sex ratio.
D)Black men have less education than Black women.

Question 20

Around the world today, marriage is:

A)universal and similar
B)universal and variable
C)not universal
D)declining in occurrence and significance
E)only very rarely arranged by parents

Question 21

Married people are happier than are those who are single, separated, or divorced, but are less happy than cohabiting couples.

Question 22

Xuan and Suong have different opinions about how to discipline their children, ages 6 and 8. Xuan believes that you should never spank children, but Suong sees spanking as an appropriate punishment when their children misbehave. This difference is causing conflict in their marriage. What type of conflict are they experiencing?

A)regulated conflict
B)unregulated conflict
C)ego conflict
D)value conflict
E)violent conflict

Question 23

What do Americans want from marriage? Passion, sexual energy, tenderness, a best friend, love.

Question 24

Antimiscegenation laws allowed Whites to marry people in other racial or ethnic groups, and these laws were passed in the 1950s.

Question 25

Only about 20 percent of adults now think that unmarried women having children is always or almost always wrong.

Question 26

Electronic communication:

A)offers us fewer relationships with more depth
B)brings more informality into our written and spoken word
C)is likely a passing fad
D)offers us less control over our messages
E)is optional at most universities

Question 27

Cole and Elizabeth are deeply committed to their faith, and strongly believe that traditional marriage is the cornerstone of society. They have decided to have a type of marriage that would require some marriage preparation and restrict their future access to divorce. This is called:

A)the Oklahoma Marriage Initiative
B)covenant marriage
C)no-fault divorce initiative
D)marital resilience
E)social capital

Question 28

Hispanics have the lowest rates of marriage because they value marriage less than do other racial or ethnic groups.

Question 29

With respect to social class differences in communication:

A)the working class is more likely to use SAE
B)the middle class uses more words of simple coordination such as "like" or "but" and uses fewer pronouns
C)President Obama sometimes "breaks code"
D)people with different levels of education communicate differently, but few differences have been noted by income or occupational prestige
E) the middle class tends to use more AAE than does the working class

Question 30

Harry and Tia have very different backgrounds but are married. He was born in England, and she is from Mexico. They are an example of an interethnic marriage.

Question 31

Weddings are, quite simply, a party to celebrate a new marriage.

Question 32

Tamara and Elliott are at a party and they decide this is the perfect place to conduct their sociology experiment for their research paper. They want to know if there are any differences in communication styles by sex. In their observation that night they probably witnessed all of the following EXCEPT:

A)women tended to smile more often and express a wider range of emotions
B)women did the most talking and interrupted more often
C)women use more qualifiers, e.g., "somewhat; kind of; I guess"
D)men initiated topics more often
E)men told more jokes

Question 33

Communication:

A)includes solo construction of meaning
B)does not rely upon symbols
C)is a transactional process
D)is similar across cultures
E)is a micro-level rather than macro-level issue

Question 34

The covenant marriage perspective suggests that the institution of marriage is increasingly being threatened by hedonistic pursuits of personal happiness at the expense of long-term commitment, which causes a host of other social problems such as poverty.

Question 35

The Oklahoma Marriage Initiative:

A)offers skill-based courses or motivational programs to couples and individuals that support traditional marriage
B)bans divorce in almost all cases except infidelity or violence
C)is extremely unpopular in Oklahoma and most people oppose it
D)encourages covenant marriage in Oklahoma
E)supporters are outraged that money intended to held sick women and children is being diverted to promote marriage

Question 36

The percentage of high school seniors who believe that having a good marriage and family life is extremely important has remained relatively stable over the past 25 years.

Question 37

A group of family scholars, therapists, and civil leaders have come together in hopes of influencing public policy to promote and strengthen traditional marriage, and this is called:

A)the marriage initiative
B)covenant marriage
C)wedding support group
D)selection effect initiative
E)the marriage movement

Question 38

Which of the following may improve the likelihood of having a happy, satisfying, and successful marriage?

A)Marry someone whose parents divorced because they will try more diligently to make their own marriage work out.
B)Marry someone who has a quite different background than your own so that things will be more exciting.
C)Let the wife do the housework, even if she thinks it is unfair.
D)Share a religious faith with your spouse and attend religious services frequently, because people who do so think less about divorce and have lower levels of negative interactions with their spouse.
E)Have irregular or infrequent sex.

Question 39

According to the opening vignette of Chapter 8, women who have unhappy marriages in Canada can get a divorce within three days.

Question 40

Alain and Lili are a couple who use communication to promote closeness and intimacy, and who try to use constructive comments even during arguments. They are an example of a/an__________.

A)regulated couple
B)overtly misregulated couple
C)nonregulated couple
D)deregulated couple
E)subregulated couple

Question 41

In what two religions are persons least likely to marry outside their faith?

Question 42

"His" and "her" marriage refers to:

Question 43

The main purpose of ________ was to prevent marriage between Whites and individuals considered non-White.

Question 44

Social capital refers to _________.

Question 45

List the four (4)general concepts associated with communication.

Question 46

The Blind Pane in the Johari Window refers to nonverbal communication.

Question 47

People in northern Alaska have many different words for snow, yet people in Miami, Florida do not. What explains this?

Question 48

The marital decline perspective suggests:

Question 49

Today, which race/ethnic group is most likely to marry, and which group is least likely to marry?

Question 50

________ is a new and optional form of marriage in which couples can sign a document with an oath for a lifelong commitment to marriage and acceptance of limited grounds for divorce.

Question 51

List the five (5)benefits of marriage described in your text.

Question 52

Regulated couples often use conflict techniques such as stonewalling, contempt, criticism, or belligerence.

Question 53

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis claims that language shapes our culture and our culture shapes our language.

Question 54

Describe the four components of the Johari window of self-disclosure.

Question 55

Why is the government involved in marriage?

Question 56

The ________ perspective believes threats have always faced marriage, and that many marriages in the past were also highly troubled. This perspective believes that family disorganization is a result of problems like poverty, not necessarily a cause of them.

Question 57

Covenant marriage is a new and optional form of marriage where couples can sign a document in which they pledge to follow certain rules, such as accepting only limited grounds for divorce.

Question 58

Researchers have found that the only reason for the correlation between marital status and economic well-being is that those with higher earning potential are more likely to marry in the first place.

Question 59

The fact that people who marry may be different from those who do not marry is an example of a/an ________.

Question 60

The primary goals of the Oklahoma Marriage Initiative are to ________

Question 61

Describe, using data from your text, the change in marriage rates over recent decades. Be sure to include racial and ethnic differences.

Question 62

Describe the differences and universal features of marriage around the world, paying attention to the significance of the wedding ceremony. What are its explicit and implicit purposes?

Question 63

Describe sex differences in communication. Why do these sex differences exist?

Question 64

Describe the marriage movement, and compare and contrast the supporting and opposing views of this movement. Include a discussion of covenant marriage and the Oklahoma Marriage Initiative.

Question 65

Describe the history and current trends in racial and ethnic intermarriage. Be sure to discuss attitudes and well as behaviors.

Question 66

List the benefits of marriage, and choose two (2)to discuss in depth. Be sure to include relevant data in your answer. Does marriage benefit everyone equally?

Question 67

List the factors that are associated with marital happiness, satisfaction, and success. Choose two (2)of these to discuss in depth.