Deck 13: Aerosolized Antiinfective Agents

Question 1

Which nebulizer is used to administer aerosolized pentamidine?

A)Small volume nebulizer
B)Ultrasonic
C)Babington nebulizer
D)Respirgard II

Answer 1

Respirgard II

Question 2

The mechanism of action of pentamidine is

A)unknown.
B)reversal of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection.
C)buildup of immunity to Pneumocystis carinii.
D)destruction of P.carinii organisms.

Answer 2

unknown.

Question 3

Inhaled pentamidine is indicated for

A)treatment of bronchospasm.
B)bacterial pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients.
C)prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
D)treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Answer 3

prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).

Question 4

The trade name for ribavirin is

A)NebuPent.
B)Virazole.
C)penicillin.
D)Relenza.

Question 5

Systemic side effects of aerosolized pentamidine can include which of the following?
1)Pancreatitis
2)Conjunctivitis
3)Neutropenia
4)Renal insufficiency
5)Rash

A)1 and 2 only
B)3,4,and 5 only
C)1,2,4,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 6

Ribavirin is classified as

A)an antibiotic.
B)bacteriostatic.
C)virostatic.
D)virucidal.

Question 7

The nebulizer used to aerosolize ribavirin is the

A)Respirgard II.
B)SPAG
C)handheld.
D)ultrasonic.

Question 8

The approved dose of pentamidine by aerosol for prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)is

A)300 mg once per week.
B)300 mg once every 4 weeks.
C)600 mg once every other month.
D)600 mg once every 4 weeks.

Question 9

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are effective in treating

A)gram-negative infections.
B)gram-positive infections.
C)viral infections.
D)mycoplasma infections.

Question 10

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)can cause which of the following?
1)Asthma
2)Bronchiolitis
3)Pneumothorax
4)Pneumonia
5)Cystic fibrosis

A)5 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 4 only
D)1,2,4,and 5 only

Question 11

A physician asked you to suggest an aerosolized antiinfective for a cystic fibrosis patient with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Which is the most appropriate medication?

A)Levalbuterol
B)Pentamidine
C)Ribavirin
D)Tobramycin

Question 12

Pentamidine is administered by which of the following routes?
1)Inhaled aerosol
2)Intramuscular injection
3)Syrup
4)Tablet
5)Intravenous injection

A)1 and 4 only
B)1,2,and 5 only
C)2,3,4,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 13

Pentamidine is

A)a bactericidal agent.
B)an antiprotozoal agent.
C)an antiviral agent.
D)an antibiotic.

Question 14

Aerosolized antibiotics have been most consistently used for which disease?

A)Cystic fibrosis (CF)
B)Croup
C)Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
D)Asthma

Question 15

Ribavirin is active against which of the following?
1)Tuberculosis organisms
2)Influenza virus
3)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
4)Pneumocystis carinii organisms
5)Herpes simplex virus

A)1 and 3 only
B)2,3,and 5 only
C)1,2,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 16

The trade name for aerosolized pentamidine is

A)Virazole.
B)Atrovent.
C)Flovent.
D)NebuPent.

Question 17

An 8-year-old patient is brought to the pediatrician's office with the complaint of uncomplicated flulike symptoms for 1 day.The pediatrician asks you to suggest an inhaled antiinfective.Which medication is the most appropriate at this time?

A)Aztreonam
B)Zanamivir
C)Ribavirin
D)Tobramycin

Question 18

On what principle does the small particle aerosol generator (SPAG)unit operate?

A)Venturi
B)Hydrodynamic
C)Jet shearing
D)Ultrasonic

Question 19

The normal dosage schedule of ribavirin is

A)20 mg/ml nebulized for 12 to 18 hours per day for 3 to 7 days.
B)20 mg/ml nebulized for 24 hours per day for 5 days.
C)40 mg/ml nebulized for 3 to 6 hours per day for 3 to 7 days.
D)30 mg/ml nebulized for 12 to 18 hours per day for 14 days.

Question 20

Local airway side effects of aerosolized pentamidine include which of the following?
1)Wheezing
2)Coughing
3)Shortness of breath
4)Bad taste
5)Spontaneous pneumothoraces

A)2 and 3 only
B)1,2,and 4 only
C)1,3,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 21

Zanamivir would be indicated for

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)exacerbation of COPD.
C)RSV infections.
D)uncomplicated influenza.

Question 22

Tobramycin is a member of which antibiotic group?

A)Aminoglycosides
B)Antifungals
C)Fluoroquinolones
D)First-generation cephalosporins

Question 23

What medication should be given for the treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?

A)Palivizumab
B)Pentamidine
C)Ribavirin
D)Tobramycin

Question 24

After reviewing your patient's chart,you notice he experiences wheezing during his NebuPent treatments.What should you suggest to his physician?

A)Stop this medication immediately because it is causing respiratory side effects.
B)Keep giving the medication as prescribed;wheezing does not cause any problems.
C)Have the patient use a $\beta$ -adrenergic bronchodilator before inhaling aerosolized NebuPent.
D)Explain to the other therapists they should not chart adverse side effects.

Question 25

Precautionary measures that are suggested when administering pentamidine to reduce the risk of both drug exposure and tuberculosis (TB)infection include
1)use a nebulizer system with one-way valves and expiratory filter.
2)administer aerosol in a negative-pressure room.
3)do not expose pregnant women and nursing mothers to the drug.
4)use barrier protection.
5)stop nebulization if the patient takes the mouthpiece out of the mouth.

A)3 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 4 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5 only

Question 26

A patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)has received systemic treatment for the infection,without success.You recommend aerosolizing

A)ribavirin.
B)pentamidine.
C)tobramycin.
D)colistin.

Question 27

Relenza is

A)a bronchodilator.
B)an antiviral agent.
C)a corticosteroid.
D)a prophylactic agent.

Question 28

The monoclonal antibodies clinically used to treat RSV in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia is

A)Synagis.
B)Virazole.
C)Cayston.
D)NebuPent.

Question 29

Which of the following drugs is available in a dry powder inhaler (DPI)?

A)Colistin
B)Albuterol
C)Zanamivir
D)Beclomethasone

Question 30

Aerosolized aztreonam would be indicated for

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
C)respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)infections.
D)uncomplicated influenza.

Question 31

A patient newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is brought to the emergency department with complaints of voice alterations.Her medication list includes TOBI,albuterol,and hypertonic saline.Which medication is most likely causing this complaint?

A)TOBI
B)Albuterol
C)Hypertonic saline
D)None of the medications cause this complaint

Question 32

Pentamidine is thought to work by

A)interfering with nuclear metabolism and inhibiting DNA,RNA,phospholipids,and protein synthesis.
B)acting as a nucleoside analogue to terminate viral DNA replication.
C)binding to penicillin-binding proteins of pathogens inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
D)providing neutralizing and fusion-inhibiting activity,preventing viral replication.