Deck 14: Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

The most common adverse reaction to penicillin is

A)headache.
B)nausea.
C)allergic reaction.
D)seizures.

Answer 1

allergic reaction.

Question 2

Tetracyclines are effective against which of the following?
1)Protozoa
2)Mycoplasmas
3)Rickettsiae
4)Gram-positive microorganisms
5)Gram-negative microorganisms

A)4 and 5 only
B)2 and 3 only
C)1,2,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Answer 2

1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 3

What antibiotic is used to treat Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci)infections?

A)TMP-SMX
B)Erythromycin
C)Streptomycin
D)Clindamycin

Answer 3

TMP-SMX

Question 4

The natural penicillins are primarily effective against
1)gram-negative bacteria.
2)gram-positive bacteria.
3)viruses.
4)anaerobes.
5)mycoplasmas.

A)1 and 5 only
B)2 and 4 only
C)3 and 5 only
D)1,2,3,and 4 only

Question 5

Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB)can be prevented by

A)using antimycobacterial agents.
B)placing patients in respiratory isolation.
C)treating patients with penicillin.
D)having patients wear masks.

Question 6

Which group of antibiotics is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients when taken orally?

A)Aminoglycosides
B)Antifungals
C)Fluoroquinolones
D)First-generation cephalosporins

Question 7

The most common pathogens responsible for community-acquired pneumonia include which of the following?
1)Haemophilus influenzae
2)Chlamydia pneumoniae
3)Streptococcus pneumoniae
4)Legionella pneumophila
5)Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A)1 and 3 only
B)2,4,and 5 only
C)2,3,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 8

The major adverse reaction to antimycobacterial agents such as isoniazid and rifampin is

A)hepatotoxicity.
B)flulike symptoms.
C)ototoxicity.
D)optic neuritis.

Question 9

Penicillins are

A)bactericidal.
B)bacteriostatic.
C)virucidal.
D)fungicidal.

Question 10

MRSA and VRE are examples of

A)resistant bacterial pathogens.
B)common bacterial pathogens.
C)susceptibility testing methods.
D)new penicillin drugs.

Question 11

A drug that inhibits the growth of bacteria is called

A)bacteriostatic.
B)bactericidal.
C)virucidal.
D)fungicidal.

Question 12

A bactericidal agent

A)slows the growth of bacteria.
B)kills bacteria,viruses,and fungi.
C)kills bacteria.
D)slows the growth of bacteria,viruses,and fungi.

Question 13

A major toxic effect of amphotericin B administration is

A)renal impairment.
B)bone marrow suppression.
C)cardiac arrhythmias.
D)liver damage.

Question 14

The simplest and most common method of preparing bacteria for examination and identification is

A)acid-fast stain.
B)latex agglutination.
C)microscopic examination of specimen.
D)gram stain.

Question 15

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)has been successfully treated with
1)cephalosporins.
2)gentamicin.
3)tobramycin.
4)quinolones.
5)penicillin.

A)1 and 4 only
B)1 and 5 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)2,3,and 5 only

Question 16

Isoniazid is indicated to treat

A)pneumonia.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)tuberculosis (TB).
D)asthma.

Question 17

Aminoglycosides,such as tobramycin,have been aerosolized specifically for the treatment of

A)acute bronchitis.
B)asthma.
C)emphysema.
D)cystic fibrosis.

Question 18

Aminoglycosides are used primarily for

A)gram-positive infections.
B)gram-negative infections.
C)viral infections.
D)mycoplasma infections.

Question 19

The treatment of choice for pulmonary infections such as aspergillosis,histoplasmosis,and coccidioidomycosis is

A)rifampin.
B)ciprofloxacin.
C)ampicillin.
D)amphotericin B.

Question 20

Penicillins exert their pharmacologic activity by

A)inhibiting translation of RNA into proteins.
B)inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
C)inhibiting protein synthesis.
D)inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Question 21

A patient is receiving the medication valacyclovir.This patient is most likely being treated for

A)tuberculosis.
B)Pneumocystis pneumonia.
C)herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2.
D)cystic fibrosis.

Question 22

Caspofungin is indicated for the treatment of

A)aspergillosis.
B)candidemia.
C)Both A and B.
D)Neither A nor B.

Question 23

A 21-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after a night of alcohol consumption.Her medical complaints include flushing,thirst,palpitations,and vertigo.Her daily medication list includes albuterol,Atrovent,and Advair.She was treated in her physician's office yesterday with cefoperazone for a urinary tract infection.The medication most likely causing her current medical complaint is

A)albuterol.
B)Atrovent.
C)Advair.
D)cefoperazone.

Question 24

Antivirals exert their pharmacologic activity by

A)inhibiting translation of RNA into proteins.
B)inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
C)inhibiting protein synthesis.
D)inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Question 25

Macrolides exert their pharmacologic activity by

A)inhibiting translation of RNA into proteins.
B)inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
C)inhibiting protein synthesis.
D)inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Question 26

Your patient's sputum culture indicated the presence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA).Which medication is appropriate to treat this infection?

A)Vancomycin
B)Isoniazid
C)Pyrazinamide
D)Rifampin

Question 27

While monitoring a patient on the ventilator being treated for pneumonia you notice continued fever spikes,elevated white blood cell count,and repeated positive cultures.What term is used to describe this clinical finding?

A)Toxicity of pneumonia
B)Noncompliance of treatment regimen
C)Treatment resolutions
D)Treatment failure

Question 28

Macrolides exhibit activity against
1)MSSA.
2)MRSA.
3)mycoplasmas.
4)Chlamydia.
5)Legionella.

A)1 and 4 only
B)1 and 5 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,3,4,and 5 only

Question 29

Quinolones exert their pharmacologic activity by

A)inhibiting translation of RNA into proteins.
B)inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
C)inhibiting protein synthesis.
D)inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Question 30

_____________ is not one of the antimycobacterials used to treat tuberculosis (TB).

A)Isoniazid
B)Rifampin
C)Gentamicin
D)Pyrazinamide

Question 31

Which of the following specimens are commonly collected as the first step in identification of a pathogen?
1)Blood
2)Urine
3)Sputum
4)Pleural fluid
5)Stool

A)4 and 5 only
B)2 and 3 only
C)1,2,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 32

A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci).You are asked to recommend an antibiotic that is active against Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci).Your recommendation would be

A)pentamidine.
B)TMP-SMX.
C)levofloxacin.
D)tetracycline.

Question 33

The term that refers to the sustained suppression of bacterial growth even after the concentration of the antibiotic is no longer detectable is

A)concentration independent.
B)time dependent.
C)concentration-dependent effect.
D)postantibiotic effect.

Question 34

Cephalosporins exert their pharmacologic activity by

A)inhibiting translation of RNA into proteins.
B)inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
C)inhibiting protein synthesis.
D)inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Question 35

The outcome of antimicrobial therapy depends on which of the following factors?

A)Host factors
B)Susceptibility or resistance to the antimicrobial
C)Pharmacodynamics
D)All of the above

Question 36

The term that refers to the science of understanding the optimal effect of a drug as a function of its concentration and in vitro activity (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC])against an organism is

A)antagonism.
B)pharmacodynamics.
C)synergy.
D)postantibiotic effect.