Deck 19: Diuretic Agents

Question 1

________ is a common complication in the use of loop diuretics.

A)Hypokalemia
B)Volume overload
C)Hyperlipidemia
D)Hypoglycemia

Answer 1

Hypokalemia

Question 2

Diuretics that produce their effect by inhibiting the reabsorption of chloride and sodium in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle are known as

A)potassium-sparing.
B)osmotic.
C)loop.
D)thiazide.

Answer 2

loop.

Question 3

The most common adverse reactions associated with diuretics include
1)ototoxicity.
2)volume depletion.
3)diarrhea.
4)allergic reactions.
5)electrolyte abnormalities.

A)1 only
B)2 and 5 only
C)2,3,and 4 only
D)2,3,4,and 5 only

Answer 3

2 and 5 only

Question 4

Your patient has mild hypertension.Which group of diuretic agents would you expect the physician to prescribe?

A)Loop
B)Osmotic
C)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
D)Thiazide

Question 5

Which group of diuretic agents is the most potent?

A)Potassium-sparing
B)Osmotic
C)Loop
D)Thiazide

Question 6

Your patient is receiving intravenous furosemide and complains of a ringing in her ears.What steps could you take to help alleviate this side effect without changing the medication itself?

A)Speed up the rate of infusion
B)Slow the rate of infusion
C)Deliver the medication as an intravenous bolus
D)Both A and C

Question 7

Any substance that increases urine flow is termed

A)a corticosteroid.
B)a diuretic.
C)a vasopressor.
D)an antihypertensive.

Question 8

Your patient has cerebral edema.Which group of diuretic agents would you expect to be administered?

A)Loop
B)Osmotic
C)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
D)Thiazide

Question 9

Which of the following is the most selected osmotic diuretic agent?

A)Urea
B)Furosemide
C)Chlorothiazide
D)Mannitol

Question 10

Which ions are filtered and exchanged in the kidney tubules?
1)Na⁺
2)H₂O
3)K⁺
4)Cl^-
5)HCO₃^-

A)1 and 4 only
B)2,3,and 5 only
C)1,3,4,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 11

Approximately what percentage of cardiac output flows through the renal system per minute?

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 12

Which diuretics have been associated with hyperglycemia?

A)Loop and osmotic
B)Osmotic and thiazide
C)Thiazide and loop
D)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and loop

Question 13

Thiazide diuretics work by

A)blocking reabsorption of sodium and bicarbonate from the proximal tubule.
B)blocking reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
C)blocking reabsorption of NaCl in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle.
D)blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal tubule.

Question 14

The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)typically results in

A)metabolic alkalosis.
B)metabolic acidosis.
C)respiratory alkalosis.
D)respiratory acidosis.

Question 15

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A)loop of Henle.
B)proximal tubule.
C)glomerulus.
D)nephron.

Question 16

Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would force Na⁺ to exchange for H⁺,producing metabolic alkalosis?
1)Hypochloremia
2)Hyperchloremia
3)Hypokalemia
4)Hyperkalemia
5)HCO₃^-

A)1 and 3 only
B)2,4,and 5 only
C)1,3,4,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 17

Aldosterone

A)increases sodium and water reabsorption.
B)decreases sodium and water reabsorption.
C)increases glomerular blood flow.
D)increases urine output.

Question 18

Agents that block reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule are

A)osmotic diuretics.
B)thiazide diuretics.
C)potassium-sparing diuretics.
D)loop diuretics.

Question 19

Loop diuretics can cause which of the following?

A)Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and increased blood pressure
B)Decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and increased blood pressure
C)Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and decreased blood pressure
D)Decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and decreased blood pressure

Question 20

Osmotic diuretics function by

A)blocking reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal tubule.
B)blocking reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
C)blocking reabsorption of NaCl in the proximal tubule and descending limb of the loop of Henle.
D)blocking reabsorption of sodium and bicarbonate from the proximal tubule.

Question 21

Diuretic combinations may be used in an attempt to obtain a(n)_______________effect in patients not responding to one agent.

A)synergistic
B)complementary
C)potency
D)ototoxic

Question 22

Your pregnant patient has mild hypertension and has been taking diuretics.Which group of diuretic agents would you expect the physician to prescribe while she is pregnant?

A)Loop
B)Thiazide
C)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
D)None are recommended for pregnant women