Deck 35: Automation in Hematology and Hemostasis

Question 1

Which of the following analyzers measures reticulocytes by sphering the blood cells prior to analysis?

A)Coulter LH series
B)Coulter Gen-S
C)Abbott Sapphire
D)Sysmex XE-2100

Answer 1

Coulter Gen-S

Question 2

What cellular characteristic is evaluated by radio frequency?

A) Cell size
B) Cell density
C) Cell shape
D) Cell complexity

Answer 2

Cell density

Question 3

Which of the following instruments uses both electromechanical and optical density as a means of clot detection?

A)STArt 4 Coagulation system
B)BBL Fibrosystem
C)Trinity Biotech Coag-A-Mate XM
D)AMAX Destiny Plus

Answer 3

AMAX Destiny Plus

Question 4

Which parameter does the Coulter LH 750 instrument derive from a histogram?

A) Platelet count
B) MCH
C) Leukocyte count
D) Hct

Question 5

An analyzer is measuring a clot forming by the interaction of a stationary probe and a moving probe in a continuous motion.Suddenly the moving probe stops, and a clot is seen.Name the analyzer.

A)Diagnostica Stago
B)MDA 180
C)Trinity Biotech AMAX Destiny Plus
D)BBL Fibrometer

Question 6

Using the chromogenic methodology, a coagulation protein's activity level is related to:

A) An increase in turbidity.
B) The observed color change.
C) Time needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin.
D) Decreased viscosity as plasmin digests fibrin.

Question 7

Why is hydrodynamic focusing used in automated cell-counting instruments?

A)To prevent coincidence passage through the detection aperture
B)To increase the visibility of the cells passing through the aperture
C)To allow for maximal light absorbance through the cells passing through the aperture
D)To ensure adequate uptake of fluorescent staining by the cells

Question 8

Which parameter does the Sysmex XE-2100 instrument determine by light scattering and fluorescence intensity characteristics?

A) Platelet count
B) Erythrocyte count
C) Absolute basophil count
D) Absolute lymphocyte count

Question 9

Which of the following instruments is capable of performing electromechanical, optical density, chromogenic, and immunologic methodologies?

A) STArt 4
B) Destiny Plus
C) STA Compact
D) Coag-A-Mate XM

Question 10

Which of the following binds to residual RNA in reticulocytes on the Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer?

A)New methylene blue
B)Propidium iodide
C)Polymethine
D)Oxazine

Question 11

Which of the following analyzers uses radio frequency as a means of detecting and differentiating leukocytes?

A)Bayer Advia 2120
B)Abbott Sapphire
C)Sysmex XE-2100
D)Coulter Gen-S

Question 12

Regarding the CELL-DYN Sapphire, which parameter is determined by the impedance principle?

A) Hemoglobin
B) Nucleated erythrocyte count
C) Platelet count
D) Total leukocyte count

Question 13

Which of the following is a reported parameter for the ADVIA 120 but not for the LH 750 instrument?

A) RDW-CV
B) Retic%
C) CHCM
D) MCVr

Question 14

Choose the correct statement regarding chromogenic analysis in hemostasis testing from the choices listed below.

A)Chromogenic analysis is dependent upon the selected analyte's ability to cleave a chromophore.
B)Chromogenic analysis is not subject to preanalytical problems, due to its mechanism of clot detection.
C)There is no difference between chromogenic analysis and electromechanical detection.
D)Chromogenic analysis is dependent upon the optical detection of ball movement through a steel tube as a clot forms.

Question 15

Which of the following represents the degree of light scatter that reflects cell complexity on the CELL-DYN Sapphire?

A)0 degrees
B)7 degrees
C)90 degrees
D)90 degrees depolarized

Question 16

Which of the following instruments relies on impedance to enumerate cells?

A)Gen-S
B)XE-2100
C)Sapphire
D)All of the above

Question 17

Which instrument does NOT use fluorescence intensity in its determination of reticulocytes?

A) LH 750
B) XE-2100
C) ADVIA 120
D) CELL-DYN Sapphire

Question 18

Using the Fibrometer instrument, clot detection occurs when:

A) Fibrin strands complete an electric circuit.
B) Fibrin formation increases light absorbance.
C) Fibrin strands decrease ball movement in a magnetic field.
D) Fibrin formation decreases turbidity of the reaction mixture.

Question 19

In the reticulocyte determination, using the Sysmex XE-2100, the fluorescent dye containing oxazine and polymethine penetrates the cell membranes and stains the blood cells.What does the oxazine bind to within the cells?

A) Residual DNA
B) Hemoglobin
C) Residual RNA
D) Mitochondria

Question 20

Which of the following parameters are calculated on the Coulter Gen-S?

A)Hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC
B)Hematocrit, MCH, MCHC
C)Absolute neutrophil count, RBC count, platelet count
D)RBC count, hematocrit, MCH

Question 21

Cell volume and cell number are required elements for which of the following?

A)WBC scatterplots
B)WBC cytograms
C)RBC histograms
D)RBC scattergrams

Question 22

D-dimers are measured by which method on the Trinity Biotech AMAX Destiny Plus?

A)Electromechanical
B)Optical density
C)Chromogenic
D)Immunologic

Question 23

The immature platelet fraction (IPF) is a parameter derived from the Sysmex XE-2100's RET scattergram.An increased IPF is associated with:

A) Aplastic anemia.
B) Pernicious anemia.
C) Acute lymphocytic leukemia.
D) Immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Question 24

Which analyzer measures platelets in the same channel as reticulocytes?

A)Coulter Gen-S
B)Sysmex XE-2100
C)Advia 2120
D)Trinity Biotech AMAX Destiny Plus

Question 25

Which analyzer has the ability to quantify nucleated RBCs and calculate a corrected WBC count?

A)Coulter Gen-S
B)Sysmex XE-2100
C)Abbott Cell Dyn Sapphire
D)Coulter LH 780

Question 26

Name two analytes that can be measured immunologically, and list two instruments that currently use this method.

Question 27

The immunologic technique available on the AMAX Destiny Plus utilizes specific reagents with:

A) Soluble monoclonal antibody.
B) Fluorescent-labeled microparticles.
C) Enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody.
D) Monoclonal antibody-coated microparticles.

Question 28

Which analyzer DOES NOT use cyanide-free detection of hemoglobin?

A)Advia 120
B)Advia 2120
C)Abbott Cell-Dyn Sapphire
D)Sysmex XE-2100

Question 29

Explain the purpose of the following used in the standard hematologic cell counting detection methods:

A)VCS flow cell
B)Photodetector
C)Sheath fluid
D)Direct current detection block

Question 30

What is the purpose of the photodetector on the Diagnostica Stago STA Compact?

A)To measure an increase in absorbance caused by the interaction of VWF with its monoclonal antibody
B)To measure an increase in transmittance caused by the interaction of D-dimer fragments in the patient's plasma with its monoclonal antibody
C)To promote the ball's oscillation movement through the electromagnetic sensors
D)To measure the amount of cleavage of p-nitroaniline

Question 31

The principle that relies on detecting resistance as cells pass through a photo-detector and is that used by most of the major hematology analyzers is:

A)Spectrophotometry.
B)Impedance.
C)Radio frequency.
D)MAPSS technology.

Question 32

Compare and contrast the methods of detection for the following analyzers:

A)Sysmex XE-2100
B)Abbott Cell-Dyn Sapphire
C)Coulter LH 780
D)Advia 2120

Question 33

The Sysmex XE-2100 instrument printout reports a middle fluorescent ratio of 7.0 and a high fluorescent ratio of 1.3.What is the immature reticulocyte fraction?

A)9.1
B)91.7
C)8.3
D)5.7

Question 34

Which technologies are used to generate the LH 750's WBC scatterplot?

A) Impedance, light scatter, and conductivity
B) Fluorescence intensity and radio frequency
C) Absorbance and conductivity
D) Light scatter, absorbance, and radio frequency

Question 35

What is the principle of impedance? Name at least two instruments that employ this method for blood cell counting.

Question 36

Which instrument utilizes contour gating to classify different leukocyte cell types?

A) ADVIA 120
B) XE-2100
C) LH 750
D) CELL-DYN Sapphire

Question 37

What is the main difference between the methodologies employed on the Coulter Gen-S and the Coulter LH 780?

A)Hemoglobin detection using cyanide
B)Sphering RBCs in retic measurement
C)Histograms in Gen-S and cytograms in LH 780
D)Ability to report the NRBC percentage and

Question 38

Which of the following is measured immunologically on the Diagnostica Stago STA Compact?

A)von Willebrand factor
B)D-dimer
C)Lupus anticoagulants
D)PT and APTT

Question 39

When performing CBCs on the CELL-DYN Sapphire, a clinical laboratory professional may choose to run the ImmunoPltᵀᴹ assay if:

A) Leukocyte count is decreased.
B) Erythrocyte fragments are detected.
C) Nucleated erythrocytes are observed.
D) Erythrocyte count is increased.