Deck 3: Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Which of the following classes of hematopoietic cells is committed to becoming an erythrocyte?

A)Hematopoietic stem cell
B)Multipotential progenitor cell
C)Committed lymphoid progenitor
D)BFU-E

Answer 1

BFU-E

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a lineage-specific cytokine?

A)Kit ligand
B)CFU-GEMM
C)IL-3
D)G-CSF

Answer 2

G-CSF

Question 3

Regulation of stem cell homeostasis via SCF and Flt3 is predominantly via:

A)Autocrine signaling.
B)Paracrine signaling.
C)Juxtacrine signaling.
D)Endocrine signaling.

Answer 3

Juxtacrine signaling.

Question 4

All of the following are key components of hematopoietic differentiation except:

A)The formation of mature blood components with a finite life span.
B)The differentiation of blood components when exposed to different cytokines.
C)The commitment to produce blood cells only.
D)The activation of programmed cell death.

Question 5

Which of the following gives rise to the lymphoid and myeloid cells?

A)Committed lymphoid progenitor cell
B)Multipotential progenitor cell
C)Committed myeloid progenitor cell
D)CFU-GEMM

Question 6

All of the following can be formed from CFU-GEMM except:

A)Neutrophil.
B)Erythrocyte.
C)Platelet.
D)Lymphocyte.

Question 7

Which of the following lineages are derived from the bipotential progenitor cell CFU-EMk?

A)Erythrocytes and megakaryocytes
B)Eosinophils and megakaryocytes
C)Erythrocytes and monocytes
D)Eosinophils and monocytes

Question 8

All of the following are negative regulators of hematopoiesis except:

A)TGFβ
B)TNF.
C)Kit ligand.
D)MIP1.

Question 9

Which lineage promotes differentiation and maturation primarily with the use of interleukins?

A)Monocytes
B)Erythrocytes
C)Platelets
D)Lymphocytes

Question 10

The role of transcription factors (TF) in hematopoiesis is best described by which of the following statements?

A)TF expression does not change during hematopoiesis.
B)TF function to either activate or suppress target genes.
C)TF "instruct" the differentiation pathway for hematopoietic precursors.
D)TF abnormalities are rarely seen in hematologic malignancies.

Question 11

Cytokine receptors that lack an intrinsic kinase domain transmit signals primarily through:

A)Transmembrane protein activation.
B)Activation of cytoplasmic kinases.
C)Heterodimer integral protein activation.
D)None of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following classes of hematopoietic cells has the ability to self-renew?

A)Hematopoietic stem cell
B)Multipotential progenitor cell
C)Committed myeloid progenitor
D)Maturing cells

Question 13

GM-CSF is considered a(n):

A)Early-acting cytokine.
B)Late-acting cytokine.
C)Lineage-specific cytokine.
D)Early-acting and multilineage cytokine.

Question 14

Which term is used to describe all cells antecedent to mature cells of a particular lineage?

A)Progenitor cells
B)Stem cells
C)Precursor cells
D)Maturing cells

Question 15

All of the following are hematopoietic growth factor receptor subgroups except:

A)Unique ligand-specific alpha chains, with shared beta chains.
B)Unique ligand-specific alpha chains that share GP130.
C)Unique ligand-specific alpha chains, with shared gamma chains.
D)Unique ligand-specific alpha chains, with shared zeta chains.

Question 16

Which term is used to describe when two cells from the same precursor take a separate route of development?

A)Maturation
B)Differentiation
C)Commitment
D)Specialization

Question 17

All of the following are characteristics of an optimal hematopoietic environment except:

A)Fibronectin.
B)Extracellular matrix.
C)Stromal cells.
D)Synthetic cytokines.

Question 18

Which components are included in the stromal cell compartment?

A)Matrix proteins and regulatory cytokines
B)Adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T lymphocytes, and macrophages
C)Stem cells
D)Progenitor cells

Question 19

Stem cells and progenitor cells can be measured by clonal assays in vitro.How are maturing cells measured?

A)Clonal assays
B)Phenotyping
C)Flow cytometry
D)Morphologic analysis

Question 20

An unknown cell is positive for CD34, and negative for CD38, lineage markers, and HLA-DR.Identify the cell.

A)MPP
B)Hematopoietic stem cell
C)CLP
D)CMP

Question 21

Compare and contrast the HSC and the progenitor cells.How are they similar? How are they different?

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the phenotype of the hematopoietic stem cell?

A)CD34+ CD38+Lin-HLA-DR-Rh123Bright, SCF-R+,TPO-R+
B)CD34+ CD33+CD38+Lin- Rh123Dull
C)CD34+ CD38-Lin-HLA-DR-Rh123Dull, SCF-R+,TPO-R+
D)CD3+,CD4+,CD5+,CD8+,CD38-,HLA-DR-

Question 23

What property primarily determines the specific targets of hematopoietic growth factors?

A)Unique transcription factors in the target cells
B)Unique signaling pathways in the target cells
C)Unique receptors in the membranes of the target cells
D)Lack of inhibitors to the growth factor in question

Question 24

All of the following are functions of the BM stroma except:

A)Adhesion of hematopoietic precursors.
B)Cell-to-cell interaction.
C)Synthesis of cytokines.
D)Incorporation of essential metals into mature cells.

Question 25

Which component of the BM stroma is responsible for the formation of the ECM?

A)Cytokines
B)Fibroblasts
C)Osteoclasts
D)Osteoblasts

Question 26

Explain how hematopoiesis employs autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine signaling.Provide examples of each.

Question 27

Several cytokines are used for clinical purposes.Which three cell lines are primarily increased by the injection of EPO, TPO, and CFU-GM?

A)Lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets
B)Erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes
C)Monocytes, platelets, and stem cells
D)Stem cells, precursor cells, and maturing cells

Question 28

Signaling transduction pathways are propagated primarily through which of the following?

A)Kinases and protein phosphorylation
B)Phosphatases and protein dephosphorylation
C)Protein methylation
D)Histone deacetylation

Question 29

Which of the following is a stem cell inhibitor?

A)Interferon
B)MIP-1α
C)Lactoferrin
D)TNF-a

Question 30

Explain the role of selected cytokines in the treatment of disorders affecting the hematopoietic system.

Question 31

Which component allows the hematopoietic precursors to attach to the bone marrow microenvironment?

A)SCF
B)FL
C)CAM
D)IFN

Question 32

Which of the following is given in synthetic form to patients with renal disease to stimulate red cell production?

A)GM-CSF
B)Interleukin-2
C)EPO
D)G-CSF

Question 33

Explain the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and describe how it can contribute to disease.

Question 34

All of the following function primarily as multilineage (early acting) growth factors except:

A)IL-4.
B)GM-CSF.
C)IL-3.
D)SCF.

Question 35

Explain how stromal cells contribute to the formation of the extracellular matrix.