Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

The equal protection clause was originally intended to: 

A) protect the newly freed slaves after the Civil War. 
B) remove the disparity between the North and the South. 
C) promote reverse discrimination. 
D) protect the rights of illegitimate children. 
E) protect criminals from unreasonable punishment.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

To comply with the "Jim Crow" laws,Milton,the owner of a chain of restaurants,reserves the restaurants on Wiley Street for whites and the restaurants on Mosray Street for blacks.All his restaurants provide the same quality of food,services,and facilities.In this scenario,Milton observes the _____.

A) Monroe Doctrine 
B) preferred position doctrine 
C) separate-but-equal doctrine 
D) Truman Doctrine 
E) preferred freedoms doctrine

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Generally,the term civil rights refers to the rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law,as provided by the _____ to the Constitution.

A) First Amendment 
B) Fourth Amendment 
C) Eighth Amendment 
D) Fourteenth Amendment 
E) Nineteenth Amendment

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of the "Jim Crow" laws? 

A) They empowered authorities of the Church to regulate the federal legislature. 
B) They prohibited intimate homosexual conduct and certain other forms of sexual activity. 
C) They called for racial segregation in the use of public facilities. 
D) They essentially banned slavery in the U.S. 
E) They prevented women from pursuing education.

Question 5

A law will be subject to strict scrutiny if it: 

A) involves denying voting rights to minors and illegal immigrants. 
B) requires eligible voters to register online. 
C) encompasses suspect classification. 
D) requires agencies to adopt affirmative action programs. 
E) permits marriage between same-sex members.

Question 6

Identify an accurate statement about the intermediate scrutiny standard.

A) Under the intermediate scrutiny standard, a law must be necessary to promote a compelling personal interest of a senior citizen. 
B) Every law or action that prevents people from exercising a fundamental right is subject to the intermediate scrutiny standard. 
C) The intermediate scrutiny standard is employed only when there is no classification-such as race or gender-that would require a higher level of scrutiny. 
D) The intermediate scrutiny standard was developed for the purpose of deciding how to judge cases in which men and women were treated differently. 
E) A state law that contradicts a federal law is subject to intermediate scrutiny by the Supreme Court.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of de facto segregation? 

A) It results from the political, social, and economic inequality of rights between men and women. 
B) It is based on intellectual differences in people. 
C) It occurs because of social and economic conditions and residential patterns. 
D) It is a form of discrimination between Asian Americans and African Americans. 
E) It is the deliberate intent of the government and is established by law.

Question 8

In the state of Sirily,a law was passed preventing minority groups from applying for jobs in government offices.If this law were to be passed in the United States,it would most likely be subjected to _____.

A) strict scrutiny 
B) intermediate scrutiny 
C) the Lemon test 
D) ordinary scrutiny 
E) the rational basis test

Question 9

Identify an accurate statement about vote suppression in the history of American politics.

A) Literary tests were tactics used by the state to encourage African Americans to vote. 
B) The grandfather clause was a technique used to disenfranchise black voters. 
C) The Fifteenth Amendment explicitly denied African Americans the right to vote. 
D) The white primary law prevented whites from voting in Democratic primary elections. 
E) The poll tax limited voting to those whose ancestors could vote after the Civil War.

Question 10

A state passes a law that requires men to sign an agreement,promising to steer clear of sexual harassment,while joining a job.The law is not applicable to women.For determining whether the equal protection clause has been violated,which of the following tests is most likely to be used in this case? 

A) The strict scrutiny standard 
B) The intermediate scrutiny standard 
C) The Lemon test 
D) The ordinary scrutiny standard 
E) The rational basis test

Question 11

The _____ is a Supreme Court doctrine that allowed racial segregation as long as there were no differences between the facilities provided for blacks and for whites.

A) separate-but-equal doctrine 
B) preferred position doctrine 
C) Monroe Doctrine 
D) Truman Doctrine 
E) preferred freedoms doctrine

Question 12

The intermediate scrutiny standard is used to determine if _____ are permissible.

A) laws based on gender classifications 
B) laws based on racial classifications 
C) laws based on economic classifications 
D) laws based on religious classifications 
E) laws based on rational classifications

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of the equal protection clause? 

A) The equal protection clause is described in Section 4 of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 
B) The equal protection clause establishes that the federal constitution and federal law take precedence over state laws and even state constitutions. 
C) The equal protection clause is far less important than the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
D) Tests have not yet been developed by the Supreme Court to determine whether the equal protection clause has been violated. 
E) According to the equal protection clause, states must not discriminate unreasonably against a particular group or a class of individuals.

Question 14

During the late 1880s,Azibo,an African-American southerner,was thrown out of a train for sitting in a compartment that was reserved for white people.Which of the following laws were in favor of such incidents of segregation? 

A) The Nuremberg laws 
B) The canon laws 
C) The Old Covenant laws 
D) The "Jim Crow" laws 
E) The sodomy laws

Question 15

A municipal ordinance prevents the parking of vehicles around a local children's park.This ordinance was passed to ensure the safety of the children.Which of the following tests is most likely to be used to determine whether the ordinance violates the equal protection clause? 

A) The strict scrutiny standard 
B) The intermediate scrutiny standard 
C) The Lemon test 
D) The exacting scrutiny standard 
E) The rational basis test

Question 16

Under the Supreme Court's strict scrutiny standard,in order for a law or action that prevents a person from exercising a fundamental right to be constitutional,it must promote _____.

A) a reasonable health objective 
B) the welfare of the upper classes 
C) an international agenda 
D) a compelling state interest 
E) an individual's interest

Question 17

Layla,an African American woman,is prevented from entering a public library because of the "Jim Crow" laws that prohibited blacks from using public facilities in the 1880s.This is an example of _____.

A) reverse discrimination 
B) civil disobedience 
C) de facto segregation 
D) de jure segregation 
E) affirmative action

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of de jure segregation? 

A) It results from the political, social, and economic inequality of rights between men and women. 
B) It is based on intellectual differences in people. 
C) It occurs because of social and economic conditions and residential patterns. 
D) It is a form of discrimination between Asian Americans and African Americans resulting from a difference in lifestyle. 
E) It is sanctioned by government agencies.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of the separate-but-equal doctrine? 

A) It was framed to protect the newly freed slaves after the Civil War. 
B) It was established in the Roe v. Wade case. 
C) It was used to condemn racial discrimination in the U.S. 
D) It denied African Americans the right to vote. 
E) It was used to justify racial segregation in many areas of American life.

Question 20

The _____ was used by Southern leaders to disenfranchise African Americans from voting.

A) poll tax 
B) Lemon test 
C) rational basis test 
D) utility tax 
E) Supremacy Clause

Question 21

To exercise civil disobedience during the 1960s,civil rights activists were trained to: 

A) use nonthreatening body language. 
B) attack when faced with clubs and police dogs. 
C) surrender when dragged or assaulted. 
D) create havoc to draw the attention of political leaders. 
E) conduct self-persecution rallies to voice their concerns.

Question 22

The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution: 

A) stated that voting rights could not be abridged on account of race. 
B) guaranteed equal protection to all citizens under the law. 
C) granted women the right to vote. 
D) granted freedom to slaves. 
E) granted the right to keep and bear arms.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of the Northwest Ordinance passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation in 1787? 

A) It declared that Native American languages are unique and should be encouraged. 
B) It abolished slavery in the southern states of the United States. 
C) It granted the federal government the authority to imprison Native Americans. 
D) It banned Native Americans from having gambling operations. 
E) It stated that property would not be taken from Native Americans without their consent.

Question 24

The _____ authorized the federal government to sue to desegregate public schools and facilities.

A) Civil Rights Act 
B) Rehabilitation Act 
C) Military and Overseas Voters Act 
D) Voting Rights Act 
E) USA Patriot Act

Question 25

Sally and Dan,employees at FLT Inc.,have applied for a management position at the company.Sally has better qualifications and is more experienced than Dan.However,Dan is selected for the position instead of Sally due to the selection committee's biased attitude toward women.This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

A) the glass ceiling 
B) sexual harassment 
C) reverse discrimination 
D) racial segregation 
E) the white primary

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of the early policies toward Native Americans? 

A) Till date, the citizen rights spelled out in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution have not been extended to Native Americans. 
B) In 1830, Congress instructed the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to remove all tribes to reservations east of the Mississippi River. 
C) The main goal of the U.S. government in the late 1880s was to assimilate Native Americans into American society. 
D) Under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988, Native Americans were banned from having gambling operations. 
E) The Northwest Ordinance stated that lands and property of Native Americans would belong to the American government.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of Hispanic populations in the U.S.? 

A) They have the highest level of political participation after the whites. 
B) They represent the most highly skilled immigrant groups in American history. 
C) The largest Hispanic group consists of Mexican Americans. 
D) They constitute the smallest ethnic minority in the United States. 
E) The Puerto Rican section of the Hispanic population demonstrates unwavering loyalty toward the Republican Party.

Question 28

Generally,Latinos in the United States have had a comparatively low level of political participation.Which of the following explains this trend? 

A) More than one-third of Hispanics are below voting age. 
B) Cubans tend to identify with the Republican Party. 
C) Latino households are often members of this country's working poor. 
D) Lack of job training is usually more notable among new Latino immigrants. 
E) Hispanics are not considered American citizens.

Question 29

_____ are known as a "model minority" in the United States.

A) Japanese Americans 
B) Italian Americans 
C) American Indians 
D) Asian Americans 
E) Latin Americans

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of the feminist movement? 

A) The feminist movement only consisted of members from the National Organization for Women. 
B) The campaigns initiated by the feminist movement to change laws affecting women were unsuccessful. 
C) The movement won passage of the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution in the 1970s. 
D) The main goal of the feminist movement was to combat racial discrimination. 
E) The people participating in the feminist movement fought for women's right to have an abortion.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of the glass ceiling? 

A) It is applicable only to African Americans. 
B) It prevents women from rising to positions of power at workplaces. 
C) It is an upper limit on the number of seats in the Senate reserved for women. 
D) It is an invisible barrier to the career growth of outsourced employees. 
E) It prevents independent candidates from contesting elections.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of suffrage? 

A) It was a movement against racial discrimination. 
B) It was used by African Americans to describe their hardships. 
C) It refers to the right to vote. 
D) It refers to the right to work. 
E) It involves gender discrimination.

Question 33

In 1789,Congress designated the native tribes as foreign nations.Which of the following was a consequence of this action? 

A) Native Americans had no civil rights under U.S. laws. 
B) The government could not sign land treaties with the Native Americans. 
C) Native Americans were deported to other countries. 
D) The government gave Native Americans the responsibility to manage external trade affairs. 
E) Native Americans started the Seven Years' War against Congress.

Question 34

The primary goal of the civil rights movement was to: 

A) promote the green revolution. 
B) terminate racial segregation. 
C) encourage literary growth. 
D) abolish gender discrimination. 
E) establish the due process clause for all citizens.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of the participation of women in American politics? 

A) The first woman to be appointed to a cabinet post by Franklin D. Roosevelt was Nancy Pelosi. 
B) Women held more power in federal offices before the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified. 
C) Women have made greater political progress at the national level than at the state level. 
D) Most of the members who presently serve in the U.S. House of Representatives are women. 
E) The wage gap between men and women has narrowed with the enactment of the Equal Pay Act.

Question 36

World War I (1914-1918)marked a turning point in the battle for women's rights because: 

A) it gave women the right to remarry if their husbands were killed or injured during the war. 
B) it united women across the world in their efforts toward achieving the common goal of freedom. 
C) it paved the path for women to contest in elections. 
D) it prohibited men at war from entering into marriages, so women had to fend for themselves. 
E) it offered many opportunities for women in the U.S. Navy and the workforce.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of Asian American populations in the U.S.? 

A) They have the highest level of political participation after the whites. 
B) They represent the most highly skilled immigrant groups in American history. 
C) They fall behind other minority groups in median income and median education. 
D) They constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. 
E) They discourage their youth from obtaining college degrees.

Question 38

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)set up Native American boarding schools for children: 

A) to promote the Native American culture. 
B) to prevent them from receiving quality education. 
C) to encourage their native language. 
D) to remove them from their parents' influence. 
E) to reassure them of their rich inheritance.

Question 39

The African American residents of a street were prohibited from entering the local park.In protest,a group of African American residents entered the park and refused to leave till the municipality agreed to their demands.This is an example of _____.

A) reverse discrimination 
B) civil disobedience 
C) intermediate scrutiny 
D) hostile environment harassment 
E) affirmative action

Question 40

Feminism is best defined as: 

A) a doctrine demanding seat reservations for women in state legislatures. 
B) an ideology supporting segregation of men and women prisoners. 
C) a doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women. 
D) an ideology supporting the practice of "glass ceiling" in the workplace. 
E) a doctrine advocating free passage of women across borders.

Question 41

Explain the concept of reverse discrimination.

Question 42

A public museum lacks wheelchair ramps,elevators,and other such aids that would help people with disabilities to move freely through the museum halls.This scenario demonstrates a violation of the _____.

A) Human Services Act 
B) Education for All Handicapped Children Act 
C) Rehabilitation Act 
D) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 
E) Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 43

The 1969 Stonewall Inn uprising launched the: 

A) women's movement. 
B) "gay power" movement. 
C) civil rights movement. 
D) American Indian Movement. 
E) "Black Power" movement.

Question 44

Discuss the women's suffrage movement in the United States to attain voting rights for women.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true of sodomy laws? 

A) They empowered authorities of the Church to regulate the American federal legislature. 
B) They essentially banned slavery in the U.S. 
C) They called for racial segregation in the use of public facilities. 
D) They were abolished in the U.S. in 2003. 
E) They prevented women from pursuing education.

Question 46

The _____ requires that all public buildings and public services be accessible to persons with disabilities.

A) Americans with Disabilities Act 
B) Education for All Handicapped Children Act 
C) Rehabilitation Act 
D) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 
E) Human Services Act

Question 47

Latinos,or Hispanics,constitute the smallest ethnic minority in the United States.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of "race-blind" admissions? 

A) It involves deciding college admissions solely on the basis of race. 
B) It is the deliberate and public act of refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust. 
C) It encourages discrimination against people who have no minority status. 
D) It is a standard under which a law related to the education sector must be necessary to promote a compelling state interest. 
E) It assures admission to the best white students from rural, often poor, communities.

Question 49

Describe the tests or standards used to determine whether a law violates the equal protection clause.

Question 50

Describe the first steps to legalization of same-sex marriages in the United States.

Question 51

Affirmative action policies were first developed under President Lyndon B.Johnson.

Question 52

Reverse discrimination is discrimination against people who have a minority status.

Question 53

Santaro High,a local high school,reserves 20% of its seats for students belonging to minority groups.The parents of some white students believe that the adoption of this policy is unfair.In this scenario,it is evident that the high school has adopted a _____.

A) differential system 
B) ranking system 
C) model system 
D) hierarchical system 
E) quota system

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act? 

A) It declared that Native American hunting techniques are unique and should be promoted. 
B) It granted Native American women the right to vote. 
C) It granted the federal government the authority to imprison Native Americans. 
D) It allowed American Indians to have gambling operations on their reservations. 
E) It stated that property would not be taken from Native Americans without their consent.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of affirmative action? 

A) It involves offering special admission considerations to members of minority groups. 
B) It is the deliberate and public act of refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust. 
C) It is based on discrimination against people who have no minority status. 
D) It is a standard under which a law or action must be necessary to promote a compelling state interest. 
E) It was first developed under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question 56

The white primary prevented white Americans from voting in Democratic primary elections.

Question 57

The largest Hispanic group consists of Mexican Americans,who constitute 65.5 percent of the Latino population.

Question 58

In the Regents of the University of California v.Bakke (1978)case,the U.S.Supreme Court: 

A) invalidated all affirmative action programs nationwide, deeming them unconstitutional. 
B) ruled that race cannot be the sole factor for deciding university admissions. 
C) ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage in every state. 
D) ruled that every organization should set up affirmative programs. 
E) stated that discriminatory laws must be narrowly tailored to meet a compelling government interest.

Question 59

Identify a true statement about gay and lesbian laws in the U.S.

A) Legalized same-sex domestic partnerships denied couples the dignity of the marriage title. 
B) In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court effectively reinstated sodomy laws in all states of the country. 
C) Today, gay men and lesbians are prohibited from serving in the nation's armed forces. 
D) California was the first state to legalize gay marriage as a result of a state law. 
E) The Defense of Marriage Act was passed to legitimize same-sex marriages performed under state law.

Question 60

Discuss the obstacles American women continue to face at the workplace and the acts passed to protect their rights.

Question 61

Both de jure segregation and de facto segregation are _________.A.forms of racial segregationB.dependent on professional differencesC.types of reverse discriminationD.directed toward Asian Americans

Question 62

The grandfather clause _________.A.prevented African Americans from voting in Democratic primary electionsB.limited voting to those whose ancestors could vote before the Civil WarC.required African Americans to pay taxes for food and clothingD.exempted all white voters from the poll tax

Question 63

Today,American Indians remain fragmented politically because _________.?A.the tribes are too large and concentrated in one area?B.they refuse to reclaim their heritage from the U.S.government?C.large numbers of their population live off the reservations?D.they lack knowledge of the American terrain

Question 64

The _________ was approved at the first "woman's rights" convention in Seneca Falls,New York.A.Declaration of IndependenceB.Articles of ConfederationC.Mayflower CompactD.Declaration of Sentiments

Question 65

The _________ justified and permitted racial segregation.A.separate-but-equal doctrine?B.preferred position doctrine?C.Monroe Doctrine?D.Truman Doctrine