Deck 11: Housing and Transportation

Question 1

Lawton and Nahemow's (1973)model describes the interrelation between which two variables?

A) the demands of the environment and individual capability
B) the demands of the individual and the capability of the environment to provide for them
C) the demands of the individual and the capability of the individual to realize those demands
D) the demands of the environment and the income of the individual

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Lawton-Nahemow (1973)model that describes the relationship between the older person and his/her environment predicts that people try to do which of the following?

A) find a comfortable fit between what they can do and what they need to do to meet their needs
B) maintain a familiar environment by developing coping methods to deal with changing abilities
C) avoid the stigma of old age by living in environments that require less than their capabilities can deal with
D) create an environment of high competence and low press

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What does competence refer to,according to Lawton and Nahemow's (1973)ecological model?

A) the amount of security and support an environment provides
B) a high level of correlation between an environment's demands and an individual's ability
C) environmental demands made on the individual that lead to a response
D) a person's ability as a result of factors such as health and intelligence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How does the text describe an "ideal" housing system?

A) as one in which people are allowed to match their ability to the demands of the environment
B) as one in which people can afford to exist comfortably
C) as one in which people can financially meet their payments
D) as one in which people become content and satisfied with life

Question 5

What is meant by the term,"core housing need?"

A) residences that are lacking in size and physical condition
B) important and affordable residences
C) need for affordable and uncrowded residences
D) need for optimum and perfect residences

Question 6

A study by CMHC (2010)found that what percentage of senior households lived in below standard housing?

A) 14.7%
B) 19.6%
C) 28.4%
D) 53.6%

Question 7

Lawton and Nahemow (1973)created a model that describes the relationship between the older person and his/her environment.What is this model known as?

A) an individual-interactive model
B) an ecological model
C) a capacity-demand model
D) a translational model

Question 8

According to Parmelee and Lawton (1990),what does an autonomous person have?

A) good physical and emotional health
B) low environmental press
C) low competence
D) high competence and freedom of choice and action

Question 9

What is the term for living arrangements that help older people with meals and cleaning?

A) single family homes
B) apartments
C) enriched housing
D) rooming houses

Question 10

If a person feels too little environmental demand,how does he/she feel,according to Young et al.(2006)?

A) angry and hurtful toward others
B) a decreased sense of well-being and a maladaptive response
C) positive with a sense of optimism
D) empowered and happy

Question 11

According to Salomon (2010),what percentage of people aged 50+ said they wanted to stay in their homes indefinitely?

A) 52%
B) 63%
C) 74%
D) 89%

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding seniors and a single family home?

A) The single family home presents the most challenges to the older person.
B) The single family home demands less work than an apartment.
C) The single family home is more affordable than an apartment.
D) The single family home is preferable for older people who are frail.

Question 13

How does CMHC (2008)describe the current approach to housing for older people in Canada?

A) excessive institutionalization
B) aging in place
C) too much security and too little autonomy
D) no-frills residency

Question 14

Parmelee and Lawton (1990)propose an updated version of the ecological model that redefines the dimensions of competence and environmental press to be which of the following,respectively?

A) individual ability and external demands
B) autonomy and security
C) intrinsic and extrinsic powers
D) traits and states

Question 15

What are environmental demands,as defined by Lawton and Nahemow (1973)?

A) the demands that a particular situation makes on a person's physical health, psychological adjustment, and intelligence
B) the interaction between a person's abilities and a person's needs
C) environmental forces, combined with a person's need, that leads a person to make a response
D) environmental forces that cannot be adequately dealt with by an individual's capabilities

Question 16

The text states that housing and transportation should do which of the following?

A) maximize security, yet provide some feeling of autonomy
B) ensure maximum competency
C) balance maximum autonomy with enough security for comfort
D) have both high environmental press and high security

Question 17

Parmelee and Lawton (1990),in their revised ecological model,define a secure environment as having which of the following?

A) a high competence
B) high autonomic thresholds
C) little environmental press
D) a low crime rate

Question 18

According to Morales and Roussau (2010),which area of a home can present the greatest barrier to an individual with a handicap?

A) the entrance
B) the kitchen
C) the bathroom
D) the laundry room

Question 19

In a multi-city Canadian study,what did older people identify as the issues important to their quality of life?

A) housing and education
B) transportation and social activities
C) housing and income
D) housing and transportation

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the "challenge zone" in the Lawton-Nahemow Ecological Model?

A) the point where press requires little ability from the person
B) the point where press encourages the maximum use of a person's ability
C) the point where the person will lose the ability to adapt to a situation
D) the point where a person will still benefit from a small improvement in the environment

Question 21

According to the CMHC report (2005a),which of the following is considered a good housing option as an affordable alternative to a single-family home?

A) a mobile home
B) a basement apartment
C) a granny flat
D) a condominium

Question 22

What is another term to describe a special care facility?

A) a chronic care facility
B) a seniors retirement facility
C) a collective dwelling
D) a retirement complex

Question 23

Increased numbers of older people living alone in the future will have effects on policies.For example,unmarried older people will do which of the following?

A) spend more on entertainment and travel
B) more often report transportation as an unmet need
C) have larger social networks
D) rely more on formal healthcare services

Question 24

What is the term in Canada for housing with all essential rooms on the ground floor?

A) flex-housing
B) life-span housing
C) lifetime homes
D) universal housing

Question 25

According to the 2006 Canadian census,what percentage of Canadians live in a single,detached home?

A) 12.7%
B) 24.8%
C) 45.6%
D) 55.2%

Question 26

In 2006,elderly women 80 and over made up what percentage of all older people who lived alone?

A) 26.4%
B) 39.7%
C) 48.6%
D) 54.5%

Question 27

Which group of immigrant Canadians tends to live in a three-generation household?

A) African immigrants
B) South Asian immigrants
C) European immigrants
D) Iranian immigrants

Question 28

According to 2006 statistics,what percentage of people aged 70+ tend to live mortgage-free?

A) 35%
B) 59%
C) 78%
D) 89%

Question 29

The proportion of older people who live alone increases with which of the following?

A) income
B) level of education
C) age
D) level of wealth

Question 30

Flex housing is based on which of the following principles?

A) accessibility
B) visibility
C) flexibility
D) dependency

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of "universal design" in a home?

A) a top-loading washing machine
B) a low-threshold bathtub
C) an environmentally friendly toilet
D) a radio with automatic shut-off

Question 32

Which region of the country has the highest proportion of homeownership among seniors?

A) Ontario
B) Newfoundland
C) The Northwest Territories
D) British Columbia

Question 33

With the Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program,how long can the "loan forgiveness period" extend to?

A) up to 5 years
B) up to 7 years
C) up to 9 years
D) up to 11 years

Question 34

According to the 2010 CMHC 2010 Census Housing Report,which group composes almost half of all senior households in Canada?

A) single men
B) widowers
C) common-law or married couples
D) married couples with one child

Question 35

What percentage of households headed by a senior aged 70+ years own their homes and live mortgage free?

A) more than 50%
B) more than 75%
C) more than 89%
D) more than 92%

Question 36

What is the purpose of the Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program (RRAP)?

A) to repair neighbourhood schools
B) to offer physical therapy to older adults
C) to offer loans to help improve run-down housing
D) to design houses for seniors

Question 37

Which of the following improvements to a home would aid an older person in his/her home and allow him/her to live there for a longer period of time?

A) air conditioning
B) more stairs
C) non-skid strips in the bathtub
D) heated floors

Question 38

Which of the following scenarios best describes a "household",as defined by Statistics Canada (2008)?

A) a place in which a person resides for part of a year, but then he/she moves elsewhere for the rest of the year
B) a place in which a person occupies only one part of a dwelling
C) a person or group of persons who occupy the same dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada
D) a self-contained dwelling that can be moved to any part of the country for any timeframe within a year

Question 39

Your great uncle Samuel lives alone in a small,cramped basement apartment.His air conditioning doesn't work,and the water pipes are leaking.He spends over 35% of his meager income on his housing arrangements.What type of need,according to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation,does your great uncle Samuel have?

A) financial need
B) core housing need
C) improved landlord need
D) improved housing need

Question 40

According to Kaida and colleagues (2009),which of the following culture's older persons prefer to live with family?

A) East Indian
B) British
C) Dutch
D) German

Question 41

When older people can no longer care for a home,they often choose to move to which of the following?

A) a personal care home
B) a supported independence dwelling
C) a rooming house
D) an apartment

Question 42

Which of the following is lacking in rural communities?

A) resources to meet more than basic needs
B) a range of options for affordable, quality housing
C) many of the problems that urban communities must overcome in caring for older people
D) programs for young and frail older people

Question 43

What does the CMHC 2011 Seniors' Housing research report about rural older people?

A) They live in excellent conditions.
B) They often face severe housing affordability issues.
C) They have a good variety of housing options available.
D) They have more amenities than urban older people.

Question 44

What is another term for enriched housing?

A) integrated housing
B) concrete housing
C) supportive housing
D) core housing

Question 45

According to CMHC (2010),approximately what percentage of older renters experienced core need?

A) 32%
B) 50%
C) 64%
D) 85%

Question 46

According to Health Canada (2006),which of the following provides a safe,secure,residential environment that offers support services,social,and recreational activities?

A) enriched housing
B) assisted living
C) supportive housing
D) an apartment

Question 47

According to Lum and colleagues (2010),what percentage of people on wait lists for long-term care could live in supportive housing with case-managed services?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 45%
D) 55%

Question 48

What does the acronym RAM mean in terms of housing and transportation?

A) Reverse Annuity Mortgage
B) Random Access Memory
C) Rural Area Mobility
D) Retro-Active Motion

Question 49

The CMHC 2011 Seniors' Housing research report noted that what percentage of older people in rural communities owned their own homes?

A) 49%
B) 67%
C) 77%
D) 82%

Question 50

What is the purpose of a reverse mortgage?

A) to reduce the cost of housing to seniors
B) to allow seniors to release money tied up in their houses
C) to make it easier for seniors to move to more appropriate housing
D) to enable more seniors to become homeowners

Question 51

What is the purpose of a RAM (Reverse Annuity Mortgage)?

A) to provide homeowners with a mortgage on a condominium
B) to enable home-owners to use their house to secure a loan from the bank
C) to ensure that older people obtain a fair price for their homes when they decide to sell
D) to ensure that retired older people do not lose their homes because of reduced post-retirement income

Question 52

What is the term for programs that subsidize the person,not the housing project,allow older people to choose their own apartment in the marketplace,and free people from having to move into government housing?

A) subsidized low-income housing aids
B) Subsidized Allocations for Elderly Renters (SAFER)
C) integrated housing
D) shelter allowances

Question 53

What do shelter allowances provide to older people?

A) support and more choice of housing
B) assistance for the poorest older people
C) more control of housing quality, and more health and social services where they live
D) help for those who have the most need

Question 54

Which of the following is the major drawback of a RAM?

A) Older people lose a large part of the RAM income when their spouse dies.
B) Older people lose CPP benefits and private pension benefits.
C) High interest rates raise bank payments and reduce the older person's income.
D) Older home-owners are locked into their house and cannot sell it in the future.

Question 55

According to Dadny and Bollman (2008,3),what percentage of older Canadians live in "predominantly rural regions?"

A) 27%
B) 33%
C) 39%
D) 46%

Question 56

What is the purpose of enriched housing?

A) to provide seniors with an intermediate housing alternative between living without support and the regulated environment of institutional care
B) to offer active older people a wider range of options for their recreation outside the building
C) to provide a higher degree of personal care than larger institutions can give
D) to tailor housing design to suit individual needs

Question 57

Your uncle Joe lives in a hotel that was newly converted into single-dwelling units for seniors.He enjoys the meals that are provided in the communal dining room at his new home.What type of housing is this?

A) hostel housing
B) enriched housing
C) independent housing
D) integrated housing

Question 58

Which of the following is a criticism of enriched housing?

A) It leads to dependency by offering too many services and that it attracts sick or less able people.
B) The size of the apartments does not allow for personal care and support.
C) They can be inflexible and do not allow sufficient freedom of choice or movement.
D) The cost of such programs is significantly higher than alternate forms of housing.

Question 59

Which of the following exemplifies a problem that arises with enriched housing?

A) Early dependency often occurs by providing too many services.
B) They often take the place of high-rise nursing homes, but do not provide the same level of care.
C) The average age of residents increases over time, and may compromise the self-government principle.
D) Special needs of individuals often go unmet.

Question 60

According to CMHC (2010),in 2006,what percentage of seniors lived in multiple dwellings,such as apartments or duplexes?

A) 12.8%
B) 43.4%
C) 67.5%
D) 85.9%

Question 61

Supportive housing and assisted living programs sometimes serve homeless seniors,but they do not provide which of the following?

A) medical services
B) 24-hour nursing care
C) recreation
D) healthcare programs

Question 62

According to most studies,which of the following fails to meet the needs of seniors?

A) public transportation systems
B) granny flats
C) seniors' homes
D) most workplaces

Question 63

Of what type of transportation services do most seniors have a negative viewpoint?

A) family-assisted transportation
B) public transportation
C) walking
D) driving their own vehicles

Question 64

According to Ploeg and colleagues (2008),which of the following results in premature aging and lower life expectancy?

A) disease
B) stress
C) poverty
D) homelessness

Question 65

Which Canadian province or territory provides some of the best transportation to seniors?

A) British Columbia
B) Ontario
C) Nova Scotia
D) Nunavut

Question 66

Researchers consider homeless people over what age as seniors?

A) 50
B) 55
C) 60
D) 65

Question 67

On average,at what age do the long-term homeless become homeless?

A) 27
B) 33
C) 38
D) 57

Question 68

Recent research is clearly indicating that which type of housing will be needed for the current generation of older people?

A) flex housing
B) urban shelters
C) supportive housing
D) continuing care retirement communities

Question 69

What is a problem that faces granny flats in Canada as mentioned in the text?

A) Property taxes for families with flats increase.
B) Neighbours may object to them.
C) Most urban areas cannot support further development.
D) Higher rates of institutionalization lead to high turnover rates.

Question 70

What is a granny flat?

A) an apartment in a senior's complex
B) an apartment where two older people share the bathroom, kitchen, and living room, but each has their own bedroom
C) a condominium designed to accommodate an individual's special needs
D) a portable modular cottage for a parent installed on a child's property

Question 71

What is the term that gerontologists use to describe a neighbourhood in which its population grows older,alongside the apartment buildings and community services?

A) natural senior environments
B) naturally occurring retirement communities
C) natural senior complexes
D) natural granny flats

Question 72

The Australian state of Victoria has initiated a program to solve the problems involved in housing an aging parent.What is this solution called?

A) a granny flat
B) home sharing
C) PLAM (Portable Living Adaptable Modules)
D) an Elderhostel

Question 73

In 2005,studies showed that what percentage of people aged 85 and over have access to public or private transportation?

A) 6%
B) 18%
C) 72%
D) 86%

Question 74

According to Helpguide.org (2007),what is the most expensive long-term care solution available to seniors?

A) life lease housing
B) nursing homes
C) naturally occurring retirement communities
D) continuing care retirement communities

Question 75

Which of the following best describes a type of housing in which a land developer builds and sells houses to healthy,active retirees?

A) planned retirement communities
B) naturally occurring retirement communities
C) life lease housing
D) continuing care retirement communities

Question 76

According to Sleightholm and colleagues (2010),what percentage of senior women drive a private vehicle?

A) 13%
B) 29%
C) 36%
D) 44%

Question 77

Sophia and Gerald have decided to move out of their current home and,as such,the entry fee has been returned to them.What type of housing allows for an entry fee to be returned to the occupants when they leave?

A) naturally occurring retirement communities
B) planned retirement communities
C) life lease housing
D) continuing care retirement communities

Question 78

Which of the following services do Dobbs and Strain (2008,88)refer to as "the cornerstone of independence and well-being?"

A) religious/cultural services
B) mobility/transportation services
C) healthcare services
D) housing services

Question 79

The Canadian literature most often refers to which of the following as garden suites?

A) composite housing
B) duplexes
C) granny flats
D) enriched housing

Question 80

Which type of shelter would best serve homeless seniors because of its proximity to food services,daycare programs,and healthcare centres?

A) downtown shelters
B) urban shelters
C) rural shelters
D) suburban shelter