Deck 6: Religions

Question 1

A large and fundamental division within a religion is a

A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) sect.
D) dialect.
E) family.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The world's largest ethnic religion is

A) Confucianism.
B) Daoism.
C) Hinduism.
D) Shintoism.
E) Islam.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Of the following religious branches,which one has a single living authority who speaks for the entire branch?

A) Eastern Orthodoxy
B) Theravada Buddhism
C) Shaktism
D) Roman Catholicism
E) Protestantism

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A universalizing religion

A) is based on the physical characteristics of a particular location on Earth.
B) appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations.
C) is rarely transmitted through missionaries.
D) has celebrations based on seasonal changes.
E) is less likely to be used as a reason for violence than ethnic religions.

Question 5

Buddhism's 400 million adherents are

A) dispersed around the world.
B) mostly in India and the west coast of North America.
C) concentrated in China and Southeast Asia.
D) distributed in an narrow band from Nepal through North Africa.
E) not divided into any branches.

Question 6

Religion is a particularly good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because

A) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area.
B) many people follow more than one religion.
C) all religions are in competition to convert as many people as possible.
D) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.

Question 7

The world's largest universalizing religion is

A) Buddhism.
B) Christianity.
C) Hinduism.
D) Islam.
E) Shintoism.

Question 8

For many people on Earth,religion serves as a source of

A) key values and beliefs.
B) ethnic identification.
C) material culture.
D) literary tradition.
E) popular culture.

Question 9

Which best describes how tensions and conflict may arise when universalizing and ethnic religions are in one geographic space?

A) Ethnic religions worry that they may have too many new converts.
B) There may be a clash between languages that makes common worship difficult.
C) The new and established religions are both competing for converts.
D) There may be a clash between cultural values and beliefs that lead to conflict.
E) The adherents of the universalizing religion are always the minority and therefore highly discriminated against.

Question 10

The division of Islam into branches resulted from a disagreement

A) over interpretation of the Quran.
B) between northern and southern geographic regions.
C) between Muslims and Christians.
D) between the Shah of Iran and Saddam Hussein.
E) over which of Mohammed's relatives should succeed him.

Question 11

The predominant religion in Latin America is

A) Islam.
B) Catholicism.
C) Protestantism.
D) Animism.
E) Eastern Orthodoxy.

Question 12

Lutheranism is an example of a Christian

A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) religion.
D) sect.
E) family.

Question 13

Which is a branch of Christianity?

A) Druze
B) Eastern Orthodox
C) Shiite
D) Theravadist
E) Judaism

Question 14

The three major universalizing religions have adherents that represent

A) about 1/4 of the global population.
B) more than 1/2 of the global population, but less than 2/3.
C) more than 3/4 of the global population, but less than 9/10.
D) more than 9/10 of the global population.
E) less than 1/4 of the global population.

Question 15

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a

A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) sect.
D) dialect.
E) family.

Question 16

The largest branch of Islam in Iran is

A) Druze.
B) Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Sikh.
D) Sunni.
E) Shiite.

Question 17

Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?

A) having a Roman Catholic majority
B) having a Protestant majority
C) location relative to the Equator
D) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the other.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Sikhism
C) Islam
D) Judaism
E) Christianity

Question 19

An ethnic religion is

A) based on only one language.
B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.
C) based on belief in one particular spiritual leader.
D) younger than a universalizing religion.

Question 20

Muslims are clustered in

A) sub-Saharan Africa.
B) South America.
C) eastern Europe.
D) eastern Asia.
E) north Africa and southwest Asia.

Question 21

Islam

A) is widely and evenly distributed around the world.
B) is the predominant religions of East Asia.
C) can count most of their adherents as Shiites.
D) has more adherents in Indonesia than any other country.
E) has more adherents than Christianity.

Question 22

Why is Hinduism not considered a universalizing religion?

A) because it only has 900 million adherents
B) because it is primarily concentrated in one geographic region
C) It should be; the next edition of this book will classify it as a universal religion.
D) There are just too many sects in Hinduism to count it as a universal religion.
E) because the number of adherents are difficult to count

Question 23

Which of the following is not considered a Christian church?

A) Bahá'í
B) Coptic
C) Armenian
D) Maronite
E) Latter-Day Saints

Question 24

The largest religious affiliation in the United States is

A) Roman Catholic.
B) Evangelical Protestant.
C) Mormon.
D) Mainline Protestant.
E) Historically Black Protestant.

Question 25

Eastern Orthodoxy is an example of a Christian

A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) religion.
D) sect.
E) family.

Question 26

Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?

A) Bahá'í
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Shintoism

Question 27

Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.

A) northeastern
B) southeastern
C) southwestern
D) upper midwestern
E) Baptists are not spatially clustered.

Question 28

Countries that have 80 % or above Christian population are

A) Canada, Brazil, Argentina.
B) Mexico, Chile, Italy.
C) Morocco, Spain, Germany.
D) Columbia, Nigeria, United States.
E) No countries have 80% or above Christian population.

Question 29

Lutherans are clustered in the ________ United States.

A) northeastern
B) southern
C) southwestern
D) upper midwestern
E) northwestern

Question 30

The belief in the existence of only one god is

A) animism.
B) cosmogony.
C) monotheism.
D) polytheism.
E) pagan.

Question 31

Universalizing religions mostly have in common

A) origins with individual men or prophets.
B) unknown or unclear origins.
C) belief in multiple deities.
D) holy sites in Jerusalem.
E) roots in agricultural practices.

Question 32

Starting with a universalizing religion,the order of divisions are

A) branch, sect, denomination.
B) sect, branch, denomination.
C) division, branch, sect.
D) branch, denomination, sect.
E) denomination, sub-division, sect.

Question 33

What is the holiest book in Hinduism?

A) the Bible
B) the Old Testament
C) the Quran
D) the Amrit
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 34

Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to

A) Christianity.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Protestantism.
D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
E) atheism.

Question 35

Adherents of which religion controlled much of present-day Spain from the 8th century until 1492,but not since then?

A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Druze

Question 36

Ethnic religions generally have in common

A) some historical person who founded the religion.
B) unknown or unclear origins.
C) multiple deities.
D) a lack of any holy books.
E) precise places of origin.

Question 37

Mahayanists,in contrast to Theravadists,emphasize Buddha's

A) life of self-help.
B) compassion.
C) renouncing of worldly goods.
D) wisdom.
E) practice of meditation.

Question 38

Which is not true about Buddhism?

A) has three main branches: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana
B) practiced today mostly in India
C) clustered primarily in East Asia and Southeast Asia
D) Most Chinese adherents belong to the Mahayana branch.
E) Most Cambodian adherents belong to the Theravada branch.

Question 39

Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion,primarily because

A) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham.
B) it uses a lunar calendar.
C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.
D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.
E) the holy text is the foundation of the religion.

Question 40

Christianity diffused hierarchically through

A) the travels of missionaries.
B) the conversion of Emperor Constantine.
C) daily contact between believers and nonbelievers.
D) diffusion through India to Indonesia.
E) merchants traveling to China in the first century.

Question 41

Christianity diffused contagiously through

A) the travels of missionaries.
B) the conversion of Emperor Constantine.
C) daily contact between believers and nonbelievers.
D) diffusion through India to Indonesia.
E) merchants traveling to China in the first century.

Question 42

Adherents to the Bahá'í faith have built Houses of Worship on every populated continent

A) to demonstrate the global extent of the religion.
B) because of a religious taboo on crossing oceans.
C) to memorialize the missionary travels of its prophet.
D) to symbolize the five pillars of its faith.
E) all with entrances facing east.

Question 43

Confucianism and Daoism share a belief in

A) silent meditation.
B) the balance of yin and yang.
C) correct behavior.
D) multiple gods.
E) the agricultural calendar.

Question 44

Christianity diffused

A) through migration diffusion.
B) through expansion diffusion.
C) through both migration and expansion diffusion.
D) entirely by missionaries.
E) entirely by hierarchical diffusion.

Question 45

Which is not an ethnic Asian religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Confucianism
C) Shintoism
D) Daoism
E) Hinduism

Question 46

In which religion do both Christianity and Islam claim to have roots?

A) Confucianism
B) Animism
C) Hinduism
D) monotheism
E) Judaism

Question 47

The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions?

A) animist
B) ethnic
C) pagan
D) universalizing
E) All of the above

Question 48

The Jewish calendar is based on the ________ cycle and must add an extra ________ periodically to keep in step with the agricultural calendar.

A) solar, month
B) solar, day
C) lunar, month
D) lunar, year
E) agricultural cycle, week

Question 49

A mosque differs from a church because a mosque

A) is not a sanctified place.
B) is not a place of worship.
C) displays a variety of architectural styles.
D) contains relics of the founder.
E) is decorated with scenes from the life of the founder.

Question 50

Christianity first diffused from its hearth through

A) contagious diffusion.
B) hierarchical diffusion.
C) relocation diffusion.
D) expansion diffusion.
E) All of the above

Question 51

Unlike other universalizing religions,Buddhism

A) remained concentrated in one region of the world.
B) was not begun by an individual founder.
C) was founded in China.
D) worships more than one god.
E) diffused primarily by colonization.

Question 52

Animists believe that

A) people should complete God's creation of the Earth.
B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.
C) people should make complete use of the Earth's resources.
D) natural disasters are preventable.
E) enlightenment can be achieved by all people.

Question 53

Universal religions tend to elevate specific locations or objects as holy by

A) the understanding that they are in close proximity to many of the followers.
B) the understanding that they are closely associated with the founder's life.
C) popular vote of the adherents.
D) proximity to important places to worship.
E) the understanding that there will be economic benefits from pilgrimages.

Question 54

The single holiest site in Islam is

A) Madinah.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Makkah.
D) Amritsar.
E) the al-Ka'ba.

Question 55

Which Christian denomination is known for an ornate,Byzantine style of church?

A) Jehovah's Witness
B) Protestant
C) Catholic
D) Eastern Orthodox
E) Latter Day Saints

Question 56

Cremation is more important than burial in which religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Judaism

Question 57

Especially important in Daoism is to

A) perform public service.
B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.
C) respect forces of nature as divine.
D) believe in one all-powerful God.
E) read the holy texts daily.

Question 58

Confucianism and Taoism share a cosmogony that

A) the universe is made up of two forces, yin and yang.
B) the universe is made up of one dominant force.
C) God created the universe and people can serve God my making good use the created materials.
D) the creation and destruction of the universe is cyclic.
E) the universe has four aspects: light, darkness, life, and energy.

Question 59

Hindus generally prefer

A) burial near a temple of their choice.
B) burial in a natural setting such as a field or forest.
C) cremation rather than burial.
D) burial with their heads facing north.
E) burial at sea.

Question 60

What are some of the differences in geographic origins between universalizing and ethnic religions?

A) Universalizing religions tend to have a precise hearth based on the life of an individual.
B) Ethnic religions tend to have very detailed and clear origins.
C) The hearths where the largest universalizing religions originated are all in Africa.
D) Ethnic religions tend to point to one individual as the founder.
E) Universalizing religions tend to be monotheistic while ethnic religions are not.

Question 61

The territory of Israel has generally ________ since its formation in 1947.

A) grown
B) shrunk
C) remained constant
D) grown, with the exception of the Sinai Peninsula,
E) shrunk, with the exception of the Gaza Strip,

Question 62

What major universalizing religion originated in present-day India?

Question 63

Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because

A) sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built one on top the other.
B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side.
C) the Israeli government has separated the most sacred sites with a massive concrete wall.
D) Israel captured the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.
E) Jews and Muslims have never co-existed peacefully.

Question 64

Taking the United States as an example,how do you think researchers determine the number of adherents to a particular religion if there is no official count of religious membership?

Question 65

The Baptist church is considered highly ________ because the churches are organized into self-governing congregations.Lutherans on the other hand,have a more ________ structure somewhat comparable to the Roman Catholic Church.

A) autonomous, hierarchical
B) hierarchical, autonomous
C) organized, relaxed
D) hierarchical, centralized
E) autonomous, centralized

Question 66

Name the two main branches of Islam.

Question 67

Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are

A) animism.
B) cosmogony.
C) monotheism.
D) astronomy.
E) polytheism.

Question 68

Compare the impact of Christianity and Islam on the landscape,especially their holy sites.

Question 69

The Jewish calendar

A) does not have a leap year.
B) has nineteen months.
C) is completely out of sync with the seasons.
D) is based on the lunar cycle.
E) features holidays based on the life and death of Jesus.

Question 70

Palestinians include all but which of the following groups?

A) residents of refugee camps surrounding Israel
B) residents of territories occupied by Israel
C) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians
D) Jewish citizens of Israel
E) Muslim citizens of Israel

Question 71

Most Europeans adhere to which of the three major universalizing religions?

Question 72

Why would the Taliban ban leisure activities such as watching TV and surfing the Internet?

A) They believe the Quran does not allow leisure activities.
B) They believe leisure activities need to be sanctioned by the government.
C) They believe the Quran identifies only six possible leisure activities.
D) These activities were considered Western, or non-Islamic.
E) These activities are specifically identified to have origins in the United States.

Question 73

Compare and contrast primal-indigenous religions and animism.

Question 74

The barrier between Israel and the West Bank

A) has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and international courts.
B) is welcomed by both sides.
C) represents the natural landscape feature of the Jordan River.
D) follows the previous border between Israel and Jordan.
E) is more than one thousand miles long.

Question 75

The Western Wall

A) is a holy site to Jews.
B) is the remains of an ancient temple.
C) is beneath an important Muslim mosque.
D) was once closed to Jews for all but one day each year.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 76

Which branch of Islam is the largest in Iran?

Question 77

The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under

A) a British Mandate.
B) Palestinian administration.
C) Israeli administration.
D) divided administration.
E) United Nations administration.

Question 78

What is the world's largest ethnic religion? In what country do 97 percent of the adherents of this religion live?

Question 79

The widely dispersed Jews observe holidays based on the ________ calendar as a way to connect with the ethnic roots of their religion.

A) Gregorian
B) Jewish
C) Julian
D) Hebrew
E) agricultural

Question 80

Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since

A) partition of Palestine by the United Nations in 1947.
B) the withdrawal of British rule in 1948.
C) the Arab-Israeli armistice of 1949.
D) the Six-Day War in 1967.
E) the Egyptian and Israeli peace treaty of 1979.