Deck 7: Ethnicities

Question 1

Which of the following is not true?

A) African Americans are clustered in the Southeast, comprising at least one-fourth of the population in several states.
B) In 1973, the U.S. government chose the term Chicano to describe the same group of people that today are referred to as Hispanics.
C) Hispanic can be applied to all people from Spanish-speaking countries.
D) California is home to more Asian Americans than any other state.
E) Not all black Americans trace their cultural heritage to Africa.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The most numerous ethnicity in the United States is

A) African American.
B) Asian American.
C) Latino/Hispanic.
D) American Indian and Alaska Native.
E) Austral-Asian.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through

A) neighborhoods and locations.
B) schools and education.
C) language.
D) religion and food.
E) political affiliation.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics conducts the official census differently as compared to the way the U.S Bureau of the Census conducts the U.S.official census by asking Brazilians to

A) identify themselves as belonging to one of five so-called races.
B) take DNA tests.
C) identify themselves as belonging to one of five ethnicities.
D) identify themselves by region.
E) only count the head of the household.

Question 5

Geographers are concerned with ethnicity because

A) it is a core element of culture that individuals always carry with them.
B) it is another term for race.
C) ethnicities are always changing.
D) folk and popular ethnicities sometimes come into conflict.
E) it is the best way to divide people into countries.

Question 6

What are some differences between ethnicity and race?

A) Ethnicity is primarily determined by genetics.
B) Ethnicity is important to geographers because the U.S. Bureau of the Census does not keep track of race.
C) Race is the preferred basis for distinguishing among people.
D) Ethnicity is identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth, while the definition of race involves genetically transmitted traits.
E) Ethnicity is an official category and race is not.

Question 7

African Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?

A) Southeast
B) Southwest
C) Plains states
D) Pacific Northwest
E) Northeast

Question 8

Comparing ethnicity and race reveals

A) they are very similar concepts.
B) ethnicity is part of a person's cultural identity but race is not.
C) race is a better indicator of what someone is like than ethnicity.
D) it is possible not to have an ethnicity but everyone belongs to a race.
E) both are biologically determined but only race involves skin color.

Question 9

Race is

A) characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.
B) self-identification with a group sharing a biological ancestor.
C) determinable from physical characteristics.
D) evenly distributed around the world.
E) defined by statute in most states.

Question 10

Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau not consider a race?

A) Japanese
B) Black
C) Hispanic/Latino
D) White
E) Samoan

Question 11

African American and Hispanic ethnicities are

A) racially similar.
B) not measured by the U.S. Census.
C) similarly distributed across the United States.
D) never found near one another.
E) both spatially concentrated in neighborhoods within large American cities.

Question 12

Which of the following is not an element of cultural diversity?

A) language
B) religion
C) ethnicity
D) race
E) art

Question 13

Racism is belief in

A) the biological classification of people.
B) superiority of some groups because of racial identity.
C) inferiority of other groups because of racial identity.
D) All of the above.
E) B and C

Question 14

An equivalent,alternative term to Hispanic is

A) Chicano/Chicana.
B) Latino/Latina.
C) Mexican.
D) Spanish.
E) Spanish American.

Question 15

Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?

A) Southwest
B) West
C) Plains states
D) Northeast
E) Southeast

Question 16

President Barack Obama is a good example of the

A) complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.
B) confusion over ethnicity and race in Kenya.
C) biological basis for classifying humans.
D) principle of the distribution of persons of color.

Question 17

In the ________ century,most ________ and ________ Americans are/were children or grandchildren of immigrants.

A) 20ᵗʰ century, legal, illegal
B) 21ˢᵗ century, Asian, Hispanic
C) 21ˢᵗ century, African, Hispanic
D) 21ˢᵗ century, African, Asian
E) 21ˢᵗ century, African, Northern European

Question 18

The largest proportion of Asian Americans are from

A) Vietnam.
B) Japan.
C) China.
D) the Philippines.
E) Korea.

Question 19

Native Americans and Alaska Natives together make up what percentage of the total United States population?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 8

Question 20

Latinos and Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States?

A) Northeast, cities
B) West, Southwest
C) Southwest, Southeast
D) cities
E) Pacific Northwest, Plains states

Question 21

African Americans and Hispanics are highly clustered in ________.By the late 20ᵗʰ century,most of the children and grandchildren of European immigrants had moved from the original inner-city enclaves to ________.A suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population is known as a(n)________.

A) single family houses, suburbs, ethnic suburb
B) the North, the suburbs, ethnoburb
C) suburbs, urban areas, suburban ethnic area
D) urban enclaves, the suburbs, ethnoburb
E) politically liberal states, suburban, burb

Question 22

Figure 7.3.5

Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States?

A) rural to urban within the state
B) change to sharecropping
C) relocation to northern cities
D) movement out of inner-cities
E) relocation to coastal cities

Question 23

The ethnic heritage of most African Americans has roots in

A) forced migration from Africa.
B) common language traditions.
C) skin color, facial features, and hair type.
D) living in central urban locations.
E) migration from Europe to North America.

Question 24

In South Africa,the legal separation of races into different geographic areas was known as

A) segregation.
B) separate but equal.
C) Apartheid.
D) separation.
E) racial zones.

Question 25

Freed from slavery,most African Americans in the 19ᵗʰ century

A) migrated fairly uniformly to the Northeast and West.
B) stayed in the south where many worked as sharecroppers.
C) migrated primarily to the Northeast.
D) migrated in two separate waves to the Northeast by a boom in jobs.
E) where mandated to stay in the south.

Question 26

What was apartheid?

A) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa
B) South Africa's governmental system
C) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa
D) the geographic separation of races in South Africa
E) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 27

From larger to smaller percentage,Asian Americans by their country of origin is

A) China, Vietnam, India, Philippines.
B) India, China, Vietnam, Philippines.
C) China, Philippines, India, Vietnam.
D) China, India, Korea, Philippines.
E) Philippines, India, China, Korea.

Question 28

The "separate but equal" doctrine was legally established by

A) states.
B) Plessy v. Ferguson.
C) Brown v. Board of Education.
D) the Missouri Compromise.
E) the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.

Question 29

Nationalism

A) is loyalty and devotion to a nationality.
B) can have a negative impact.
C) is a centripetal force.
D) may be symbolized by flags and songs.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

The Brown v.Board of Education court decision ruled

A) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.
B) "white flight" was illegal but there was no way to prove a move was motivated by racism.
C) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants were unconstitutional.
D) separate facilities for blacks and whites were acceptable so long as they were of the same quality.
E) B and D.

Question 31

Figure 7.3.5

Which of the statements below is the best explanation for the pattern of diffusion shown in the maps?

A) Early migrants were reluctant to move into the countryside since the city was all they knew.
B) African Americans first migrated to neighborhoods where other African Americans lived.
C) Baltimore passed a law in 1940 allowing African Americans to migrate.
D) Growth resulted from natural increase in the African American population.
E) Baltimore was the destination of large numbers of refugees.

Question 32

What is not a factor in promoting chain migration?

A) Newcomers can find people who speak the same language.
B) Newcomers can get help in filling out important forms and help from agencies.
C) Newcomers can better find economic support.
D) Newcomers can practice their religion.
E) Immigration documents restrict newcomers to particular areas.

Question 33

The Plessy v.Ferguson court decision resulted in

A) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants.
B) the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality.
C) the required integration of schools.
D) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.
E) B and D

Question 34

As part of the triangular slave trade system,ships bound for Europe carried

A) cloth and trinkets.
B) rum and molasses.
C) slaves.
D) gold and silver.
E) All of the above.

Question 35

African Americans migrated out of the American South as a consequence of

A) the removal of travel visa requirements for people of color.
B) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor.
C) the development of better highways, allowing for rapid and efficient travel.
D) increasing opportunities to work in northern coal mines and the California gold rush.
E) All of these were factors influencing the migration.

Question 36

The expansion of the African American clusters known as Ghettos was made possible mostly by

A) the emigration of whites known as "white flight."
B) government assistance for housing in these areas.
C) the building of high density housing units.
D) land that was previously not used for housing.
E) the emigration of Hispanics.

Question 37

Which of the following is not an example of Interregional Migration of African Americans?

A) African Americans moving from the highly clustered ghettos into immediately adjacent neighborhoods during the 1950s and 1960s
B) migration from the South to major cities like Chicago in the 20th century
C) migration from the South to the North because of jobs in the 20th century
D) Southern African Americans migrating north and west before and after WWI
E) Southern African Americans migrating north and west before and after WWII

Question 38

Under apartheid,the South African government

A) allowed blacks to vote but not to own property.
B) allowed blacks and whites to attend school together but not to work together.
C) created "homelands" for blacks to legitimize discrimination.
D) continued the slave trade.
E) supported the goals of the African National Congress.

Question 39

From 1910 to 1950,population density of African Americans in ghettos

A) increased.
B) remained the same.
C) decreased.
D) inverted.
E) fluctuated.

Question 40

What was the Supreme Court's legal justification of Plessy v.Ferguson in upholding the Louisiana law that required black and white passengers to ride in separate railway cars?

A) It was too expensive to enforce mixed race policies.
B) It provided separate, but equal, treatment of blacks and whites.
C) States have the right to discriminate as they please.
D) Trains were a special case that fell under the department of transportation jurisdiction.
E) It was permissible to have separate black and white railway cars on non-public trains only.

Question 41

A nationality is

A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
B) a country.
C) ethnic identity.
D) any cohesive group of people.
E) a group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.

Question 42

The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of

A) ethnic groups.
B) religious groups.
C) changes in the majority between religious groups.
D) independent armies.
E) famine.

Question 43

The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called

A) war.
B) migrational push factors.
C) racism.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) white flight.

Question 44

Balkanization refers to

A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe.
B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities.
C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) religions splintering into opposing groups.

Question 45

Figure 7.8.3
Examining this map of Bosnia & Herzegovina reveals

A) Bosnia & Herzegovina today is a very unstable country.
B) Croats face daily discrimination.
C) ethnic cleansing removed many Bosnian Muslims.
D) Bosnians and Croats united against Serbs.
E) the greatest conflict was over Kosovo, which is now independent.

Question 46

Which of the following ethnic groups does not share the nationality of the others?

A) English
B) Normans
C) Welsh
D) Scots
E) Northern Irish

Question 47

Afghanistan

A) has a long history of ethnic conflict.
B) is divided roughly in half between Shiite and Sunni Muslims.
C) was a peaceful country until the Taliban gained control of the government.
D) is composed mostly of the Afghan ethnicity.
E) includes Abkazians and Ossetians.

Question 48

Facts about Turkey include

A) 25% of the population are Ethnic Turks.
B) the Kurds are the most populous minority.
C) Kurds currently possess the most fertile land in Turkey.
D) 50% of the population are Ethnic Turks.
E) Turks migrated to Turkey after the 17ᵗʰ century.

Question 49

In the United States,which is shared by all Americans?

A) nationality
B) language
C) ethnicity
D) race
E) gender

Question 50

Western Asia is

A) larger than eastern Asia.
B) ethnically composed of Iraqis, Iranians, Pakistanis, and Afghans.
C) also known as the Middle East.
D) ethnically homogenous because it is more than 90% Muslim.
E) very ethnically diverse.

Question 51

Which religion is one of the three most important in Lebanon?

A) Daoism
B) Hinduism
C) Druze
D) Judaism
E) Sikhism

Question 52

Western Asia consists of seven nationalities and dozens of ethnicities.The region is characterized by

A) a severe lack of fresh fruit.
B) a severe lack of correspondence between the territories occupied by ethnicities and by nationalities.
C) strong unity because of a few common languages.
D) having 99% of all inhabitants identified as Muslims.
E) relative harmony between this groups.

Question 53

Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is

A) nationalism.
B) nation-state.
C) nation.
D) state.
E) multiculturalism.

Question 54

The Kurds

A) are living in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
B) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to the Balkans.
C) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity.
D) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in every one.

Question 55

The distinction between nationality and ethnicity is important because

A) nationalities usually form independent countries.
B) it is similar to the difference between race and ethnicity.
C) nationality is inherited but ethnicity is not.
D) ethnicity is considered more important than nationality.
E) nationality is considered more important than ethnicity.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States?

A) network television
B) the flag
C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States
D) "The Star Spangled Banner"
E) baseball

Question 57

Although Nigeria has hundreds of ethnicities (also referred to as tribes),what they have in common is

A) language.
B) nationality.
C) culture.
D) nationalism.
E) food.

Question 58

Elements of nationalism include all but

A) common culture.
B) shared attitudes.
C) shared emotions.
D) political structure.
E) state symbols.

Question 59

Josip Broz Tito

A) encouraged ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina of Bosnian Muslims.
B) served as a centripetal force for Yugoslavia.
C) was elected to lead a newly independent Kosovo.
D) created the term "Balkanization."
E) was born in Albania but claimed Serbian ethnicity.

Question 60

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state is known as

A) centripetal force.
B) nationalism.
C) ethnicity.
D) pride.
E) multiculturalism.

Question 61

How is ethnicity different from nationality?

Question 62

How might the ethnic makeup of Iraq present challenges to political stability there?

Question 63

A system of racial discrimination in South Africa was called ________.

Question 64

On page 171,the text states that "Conflict among ethnicities is widespread in Africa,largely because the historical distribution of ethnicities bears little relationship to present-day nationalities." Describe the historical background that led to this situation in Africa.

Question 65

What U.S.government agency does not consider Hispanic or Latino to be a race?

Question 66

One-half of all Asian Americans live in what U.S.state?

Question 67

________ is the process when a more powerful group forcibly removes another group for the purposes of creating an ethnically ________ region.

A) Uprooting, disadvantaged
B) Relocation, homogeneous
C) Ethnic cleansing, homogeneous
D) Apartheid, pure
E) War, balanced

Question 68

Describe the migration patterns that have shaped the African-American ethnic identity.

Question 69

Where are the Kurdish people found?

Question 70

Define the term "balkanization."

Question 71

The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused by

A) ethnic cleansing.
B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
C) rivalries among ethnicities.
D) NATO.
E) espionage by Russian agents.

Question 72

Which ethnic group was a target of ethnic cleansing in Kosovo in the 1990s?

A) Albanians
B) Serbs
C) Yugoslavians
D) Kosovonians
E) Croatians

Question 73

The conflict in Rwanda

A) spilled over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
B) was a civil war, not a genocide.
C) consisted of mass killings of Hutus by Tutsis.
D) developed from differences that occurred only after independence from colonialism.
E) began in 2001.

Question 74

Explain the origins of one recent genocide in Sudan.

Question 75

Describe the geographical implications of South Africa's "apartheid" laws.

Question 76

Using the maps provided in 7.3.4,describe the patterns of change for the ethnic groups between 1910 and 1990 Chicago.

Question 77

Describe the key differences between "separate but equal" in the United States and apartheid in South Africa.

Question 78

Explain the difference between race and ethnicity.

Question 79

Sudan has seen ethnic conflict in all but which of the following regions?

A) Darfur
B) South Sudan
C) the eastern front with Eritrea
D) Khartoum

Question 80

Describe the ethnic conflicts that happened after the breakup of Yugoslavia.