Deck 10: Food and Agriculture

Question 1

The earliest known domesticated wheat,barley,and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia

A) 10,000 years ago.
B) 100,000 years ago.
C) 1.1 million years ago.
D) 1,000 years ago.
E) 10 million years ago.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?

A) All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture.
B) It is a form of nomadism.
C) This form of subsistence is still practiced.
D) Hunter gatherers live in small groups.
E) All of these are true.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering today?

A) A very small percentage of humans today practice hunting and gathering.
B) 1 out of 10 people on the planet practice hunting and gathering.
C) The men focused on collecting berries, nuts, and roots.
D) Hunter gatherers live in large communities.
E) The groups traveled infrequently.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Hunting and gathering societies

A) include about 15 percent of the world's people.
B) are found in isolated places in the world.
C) are characterized by large concentrations of people.
D) occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.
E) are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet.

Question 5

In contrast to practitioners of agriculture,hunters and gatherers

A) travel frequently.
B) domesticate animals.
C) live in large groups.
D) live near the center of world settlements.
E) cultivate plants from a variety of hearths.

Question 6

Hunters and gatherers probably began practicing agriculture because of

A) environmental factors.
B) cultural factors.
C) the Industrial Revolution.
D) the discovery of crop hearths.
E) a combination of environmental and cultural factors.

Question 7

An important agricultural hearth is

A) southeast Asia.
B) south and central America.
C) sub-Saharan Africa.
D) northern China.
E) All of these are important agricultural hearths.

Question 8

The United States has a very ________ percentage of farmers similarly to other ________ countries.A small number of farmers can feed many people in part because of the propensity of ________.

A) high, developing, farmers
B) low, developed, machinery
C) low, democratic, subsidized farming
D) high, northern hemisphere, subsidized farming
E) high, developed, genetically modified crops

Question 9

Undernourishment is most severe in

A) south Asia.
B) east Asia.
C) Latin America.
D) sub-Saharan Africa.
E) eastern Europe.

Question 10

What agriculture hearth did domesticated coffee emerge from?

A) Latin America
B) Southeast Asia
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
D) East Asia
E) Central Asia

Question 11

Farming for the primary purpose of feeding one's family is known as

A) commercial farming.
B) family farming.
C) subsistence agriculture.
D) small scale farming.
E) targeted agriculture.

Question 12

In terms of dietary energy,what do Mexico and South Africa have in common?

A) maize as their leading energy source
B) wheat as their leading energy source
C) average 1500 calories per day per capita
D) rice as their leading energy source
E) meat as their leading energy source

Question 13

Figure 10.3.4
If darker shades represent higher values,this is most likely a map of

A) dietary energy consumption.
B) percent of income spent on food.
C) percent undernourished.
D) change in number undernourished.
E) per capita fish consumption.

Question 14

Food consumption varies around the world because of variations in

A) level of economic development.
B) physical conditions.
C) cultural preferences.
D) All of these are responsible for variation in food consumption.

Question 15

Undernourishment is most severe in ________ where food production per capita has ________ in the past 50 years.

A) Latin America, decreased
B) South East Asia, remained fairly constant
C) Latin America, increased
D) sub-Saharan Africa, remained fairly constant
E) North Africa, decreased

Question 16

Residents of developed countries rely on ________ as the leading source of protein.

A) meat
B) fish
C) dairy
D) cereal
E) sugar

Question 17

Developing countries obtain most of their protein from

A) imports from developed countries.
B) cereal grains.
C) meat.
D) beans.
E) fish.

Question 18

Figure 10.3.1
If darker shades represent higher values,this is most likely a map of

A) dietary energy consumption.
B) percent of income spent on food.
C) percent undernourished.
D) change in number undernourished.
E) per capita fish consumption.

Question 19

Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space.

A) cultural and environmental factors
B) religious and economic factors
C) farmer personal preference and environmental factors
D) weather and climate

Question 20

Figure 10.3.3
If darker shades represent higher values,this is most likely a map of

A) dietary energy consumption.
B) percent of income spent on food.
C) percent undernourished.
D) change in number undernourished.
E) per capita fish consumption.

Question 21

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?

A) hunting and gathering
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive subsistence
E) plantation

Question 22

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey identified 11 main agricultural regions where divided by their importance to either developing or developed countries Which agricultural region,that is important to the developing countries,covers the most area in the southern hemisphere?

A) Grain
B) Shifting cultivations
C) Dairying
D) Plantation
E) Mediterranean

Question 23

The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is

A) whether the product is consumed on or off the farm.
B) whether crops are grown or animals are raised.
C) the location of the first agriculture.
D) the population density of the crop-producing region.
E) All of these are important distinctions.

Question 24

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?

A) Mediterranean
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive
E) All of these are forms of subsistence agriculture.

Question 25

Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?

A) Mediterranean
B) plantation
C) truck farming
D) commercial gardening
E) None of these is found in LDCs; they are all commercial agriculture.

Question 26

Figure 10.6.3
If darker shades mean higher values,this is most likely a map of

A) wheat production.
B) pastoral nomadism.
C) plantation agriculture.
D) rice production.
E) shifting cultivation.

Question 27

Figure 10.5.1
If darker shades indicate higher values,this is likely a map of

A) percent labor force engaged in agriculture.
B) tractors per area of farmland.
C) population density.
D) food surpluses by region.
E) economic development.

Question 28

Figure 10.8.7
This graph indicates which of the following about the global trend in fishing?

A) Despite increased effort, the total fish harvest has barely increased in the last 20 years.
B) More and more fish are being harvested every year.
C) Fish are declining as a source of food.
D) The developing world catches more fish than the developed world.

Question 29

All but which of the following are true of commercial agriculture compared to subsistence agriculture?

A) low percentage of farmers in the labor force
B) farm size
C) heavy use of machinery
D) output consumed on the farm
E) surplus production

Question 30

The most important crop to the densely populated regions of East,South,and Southeast Asia is

A) tea.
B) wet rice.
C) wheat and barley.
D) corn.
E) cotton.

Question 31

The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice

A) hunting and gathering.
B) intensive subsistence.
C) pastoral nomadism.
D) shifting cultivation.
E) plantation agriculture.

Question 32

Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?

A) preparing fields with a plow drawn by oxen
B) flooding the plowed field with water
C) growing seedlings in a nursery
D) transplanting seedlings into the flooded field
E) all of these

Question 33

The practice of shifting cultivation is ________ rapidly,although now the ________ recognizes that shifting cultivation is a more ________ sound approach as compared to clearing rainforest for cattle and other lucrative crops.

A) increasing, governments, financially
B) increasing, World Bank, environmentally
C) decreasing, farmers, financially
D) evolving, environmentalist, industrially
E) declining, World Bank, environmentally

Question 34

Only about 15 million people are nomads,but they sparsely occupy

A) 20 percent of the earth's land area.
B) 10 percent of the earth's land area.
C) most of the tropical regions of the earth.
D) most of the islands of the south Pacific.
E) 50 percent of the undifferentiated highlands.

Question 35

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?

A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
E) undifferentiated Highlands.

Question 36

Pastoral nomads

A) are expanding their territory in North Africa and the Middle East.
B) occupy only their own territory, moving with the seasons to find forage and water.
C) occupy different territory each year to find forage and water.
D) consume mostly meat, rather than grain.
E) prefer sheep to goats because sheep require less water and will forage on virtually any vegetation.

Question 37

Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture,plantations are

A) part of agribusiness.
B) owned by people in less developed countries.
C) found primarily in less developed countries.
D) situated in densely populated locations.
E) All of the above

Question 38

Shifting cultivation is being replaced by

A) logging.
B) cattle ranching.
C) cultivation of cash crops (commercial agriculture).
D) All of these are replacing shifting cultivation.

Question 39

Which of the following is not an important plantation crop?

A) tobacco
B) sugarcane
C) rice
D) coffee
E) rubber

Question 40

Which of the following has aided 20th century commercial farmers in MDCs?

A) transportation improvements
B) scientific advances
C) electronics
D) All of these have aided commercial farmers.
E) None of these have aided commercial farmers.

Question 41

The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is

A) land price.
B) market location.
C) climate.
D) soil character.
E) labor cost.

Question 42

The agricultural practice most dependent on being close to consumers is

A) mixed crop and livestock farming.
B) livestock ranching.
C) commercial gardening and fruit farming.
D) grain farming.
E) dairy farming.

Question 43

Figure 10.9.1
This figure helps to explain that for the last half century most increase in food production has come from

A) expanding agricultural land.
B) expanding exports.
C) discovering new foods.
D) increasing agricultural productivity.
E) increasing fish harvests.

Question 44

The world leader in land area devoted to organic farming is

A) Australia.
B) the United States.
C) Canada.
D) France.
E) Japan.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a commonly proposed strategy to address issues with food supply?

A) expanding agricultural land
B) increasing agricultural productivity
C) increasing employment in fishing
D) improving food sources
E) expanding exports

Question 46

Figure 10.8.6
Based on knowledge acquired previously in this course,this chart indicates that

A) far more people in the developing world are employed in fishing as a percentage of that population but not overall.
B) far more people in the developing world are employed in fishing both as a percentage of that population and overall.
C) far more people in the developing world are employed in fishing in numbers but not as a percentage of that population.
D) more people in the developed world are employed in fishing as a percentage of that population but not overall.
E) The answer cannot be determined from this chart.

Question 47

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry.This is known as

A) agribusiness.
B) commercial farming.
C) food processing.
D) mechanized farming.
E) mixed crop and livestock farming.

Question 48

Figure 10.9.4 reveals that

A) Russia is a net exporter of agriculture.
B) the trend is that the southern hemisphere is supplying agriculture to the northern hemisphere.
C) the trend is that the west is supplying agriculture to the east.
D) wheat in particular is the dominant export.
E) India has too many people to feed to be a net exporter of agriculture.

Question 49

A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is

A) sensitive land management.
B) limited use of chemicals.
C) better integration of crops and livestock.
D) use of pesticide-resistant seed.
E) All but the use of pesticide-resistant seed are principal practices.

Question 50

Referring to Figures 10.8.5,10.86,and 10.87,which countries produce very large amounts of meat,corn,and wheat (the maximum range for each on the given scales)?

A) United State and China
B) Brazil and United States
C) China and India
D) United States and Canada
E) China and Brazil

Question 51

Why is grazing far from the city center in the Von Thünen Model (figure 10.10.2)?

A) Cattle and people don't mix well.
B) Land close to the city is used for growing perishable and bulky products, and cattle require large expanses of grazing land that is relatively inexpensive.
C) Cities have zoning laws that grazing must be far from the city.
D) Cattle requires large amounts of water that is found far from the cities.
E) The meat from the cattle is not sold in the cities.

Question 52

________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.

A) Von Thünen's
B) Whittlesey's
C) Iqbel's
D) McKinley's

Question 53

Global fish consumption has risen sharply between 1960 and 2012.Which of the following is not true?

A) The developing countries are responsible for about 33% of this increase.
B) Fish and seafood account for only 1 percent of all calories consumed by humans.
C) Fish consumption has increased more rapidly than population growth.
D) The developing countries are responsible for about 80% of this increase.
E) Overfishing has reduced the population of tuna significantly in the last 50 years.

Question 54

All of the below for confined livestock production systems are true except

A) leads to surface and ground water pollution and expensive waste management systems are needed.
B) if animals are not confined, manure can contribute to soil fertility.
C) if animals are not confined, the manure can adversely affect the quality of life of nearby communities.
D) is part of a moral and ethical debate.
E) is not widely practiced in the United States.

Question 55

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar

A) climate.
B) cultural beliefs.
C) broad expanses of flat land along sea coasts.
D) social customs.
E) levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.

Question 56

The invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques is called ________,that involves introduction of ________ and the expanded use of ________.

A) mass production, hydroponics, herbicides
B) the Agricultural Revolution, new tractors, advanced watering
C) mass production, higher-yield seeds, fertilizers
D) the Green Revolution, higher-yield seeds, fertilizers
E) the Green Revolution, new tractors, inter-cropping

Question 57

What has enabled the dramatic increase in milk production in developing countries?

A) refrigerated trucks that make the milkshed irrelevant
B) rising incomes that permit urban residents to buy more milk products and an increase in milk yield per cow
C) genetically modified cows that can produce more milk in harsh conditions
D) global warming that causes more ideal land for dairy farms
E) much more land dedicated to dairy farming

Question 58

Cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions is called

A) controlled fish production.
B) environmentally controlled seafood production.
C) aquaculture.
D) overfishing.
E) seafood culture.

Question 59

Figure 10.10.1: Von Thünen Model
The effect of the river in lengthening the agricultural zones in the diagram on the right is due to

A) the availability of water for irrigation.
B) elevation changes.
C) fishing.
D) defense of the city.
E) the ease of transport by water to the market.

Question 60

While climate influences every agricultural practice,the form of agriculture most dependent on climate is

A) Mediterranean.
B) mixed crop and livestock farming.
C) dairy farming.
D) grain farming.
E) livestock ranching.

Question 61

Why does the consumption of food vary around the world? Use geographic concepts to explain your answer.

Question 62

In shifting cultivation,how do farmers clear their fields for planting?

Question 63

List the four strategies to address food shortages and identify a limitation of each.

Question 64

What is the relationship between agricultural practices and physical geography? Explain.

Question 65

Figure 10.9.3 Agricultural Exports and Figure 10.9.6 Food Price Index seem to have fairly similar trends from the period of 1991 to 2011,although with a small time lag between them.Explain the relation of the two figures in terms of supply and demand and the four factors that contribute to the increasing prices provided by the UN.

Question 66

Prior to the invention of agriculture,how did most people obtain their food?

Question 67

Compare the distinctive types of agriculture found in the dry lands of more and less developed regions.

Question 68

What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the population concentrations of East and South Asia?

Question 69

How is plantation agriculture different from other forms of commercial agriculture?

Question 70

What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the dry lands of less developed countries?

Question 71

The text explains that farmers in the United States have greatly increased productivity in a saturated market,hence causing prices to drop.Explain why the U.S.government provides subsidies to farmers and also,why don't these farmers simply export more if the domestic market is saturated? For example,in the case of milk,why don't they start making more cheese and export it?

Question 72

Given that the world's fisheries are fully exploited or overfished,explain why fish remains a relatively small part of the human diet.

Question 73

How can it be that fish and seafood accounts for only 1% of all the calories consumed by humans yet there are quite a few species of fish that have declined in numbers due to overfishing? The UN estimates that 25% of fish stocks have been overfished and 50% fully exploited.Please compare figures 10.7.4 and 10.7.5 as part of your answer.

Question 74

How does commercial agriculture differ from subsistence agriculture? Describe several ways.

Question 75

Explain the sustainable agriculture principals and complex management issues of integrated crop and livestock farming.