Deck 3: Development of Infectious Diseases

Question 1

The mode of microbe transmission that involves a needle-stick is called:

A)direct contact.
B)indirect contact.
C)droplet infection.
D)airborne infection.

Answer 1

indirect contact.

Question 2

Microbes that cause disease by producing a toxin are called _____ pathogens.

A)opportunistic
B)toxigenic
C)endogenous
D)exogenous

Answer 2

toxigenic

Question 3

Microbes that are usually harmless but can cause disease under certain conditions are called _____ pathogens.

A)opportunistic
B)toxigenic
C)endogenous
D)exogenous

Answer 3

opportunistic

Question 4

That period of an infectious disease between the initial infection and the time when the first symptoms occur is called the _____ stage.

A)convalescent
B)acute
C)prodromal
D)incubation

Question 5

Hay fever and asthma are examples of:

A)bacterial diseases.
B)allergic reactions.
C)contact dermatitis.
D)anaphylactic shock.

Question 6

That period of an infectious disease when the symptoms are at or near the maximum level is called the _____ stage.

A)convalescent
B)acute
C)prodromal
D)incubation

Question 7

Which of the following is a chemical barrier to infectious diseases?

A)Ciliary escalator
B)Hair in the nose
C)Lysozyme
D)Coughing

Question 8

An asymptomatic carrier can be in which of the following stages of an infectious disease?

A)Convalescent
B)Acute
C)Prodromal
D)Incubation

Question 9

The mode of microbe transmission that involves touching the patient's teeth while not wearing gloves is called:

A)direct contact.
B)indirect contact.
C)droplet infection.
D)airborne infection.

Question 10

The major source of disease agents in the dental office is:

A)dental unit water.
B)the mouth of the patient.
C)air.
D)dust.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes antibodies?

A)Chemicals produced by bacteria or fungi that can kill other microorganisms
B)Proteins that are released from bacteria to degrade large substances to smaller chemicals that can be taken into the cell and used for growth
C)Special proteins produced in the body in the presence of antigens that aid in destroying those antigens or help in their removal from the body
D)A part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that enhances inflammation when released from the bacterial cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a physical barrier to infectious diseases?

A)Mucous membranes
B)Acid in the stomach
C)Complement fragments
D)Interferon

Question 13

Members of the normal body microbiota that can cause disease are called:

A)obligate intracellular parasites.
B)toxigenic pathogens.
C)endogenous pathogens.
D)exogenous pathogens.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes extracellular enzymes?

A)Chemicals produced by bacteria or fungi that can kill other microorganisms
B)Proteins that are released from bacteria to degrade large substances to smaller chemicals that can be taken into the cell and used for growth
C)Special proteins produced in the body in the presence of antigens that aid in destroying those antigens or help in their removal from the body
D)A part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that enhances inflammation when released from the bacterial cell

Question 15

That period of an infectious disease when the symptoms are declining is called the _____ stage.

A)convalescent
B)acute
C)prodromal
D)incubation

Question 16

Special proteins that are made by the body after a microbe invades the body are called:

A)antigens.
B)acids.
C)antiseptics.
D)antibodies.

Question 17

The next to the last step in the development of an infectious disease is:

A)damage to the body.
B)escape from the source.
C)infection.
D)spread to a new person.

Question 18

The difference between an infection and an infectious disease is that an:

A)infection never causes an infectious disease.
B)infection comes after the infectious disease has already started.
C)infectious disease is an infection that causes damage to the body.
D)infectious disease and an infection can never involve the same microbe.

Question 19

The mode of microbe transmission that involves small droplet nuclei such as those generated from dental aerosols is called:

A)direct contact.
B)indirect contact.
C)droplet infection.
D)airborne infection.

Question 20

Host defense mechanisms that we are born with and are always active are referred to as _________ defenses.

A)acquired
B)long-term
C)artificial
D)innate

Question 21

Aerosol particles generated from the use of a prophylaxis angle enter the body mainly through:

A)breaks in the skin and ingestion.
B)inhalation and mucous membranes.
C)only breaks in the skin.
D)mucous membranes and breaks in the skin.

Question 22

Which of the following best defines the term antigens?

A)Foreign substances, cells, or microbes that invade the body and activate an immune response
B)Special proteins produced by the body in response to an invading microbe
C)Cells of the body that engulf and destroy invading bacteria
D)Agents used to treat bacterial diseases

Question 23

What type of body cells makes antibodies?

A)Brain cells
B)Red blood cells
C)Lymphocytes
D)Phagocytes

Question 24

The prodromal stage of a disease is defined as the:

A)appearance of early symptoms.
B)recovery phase of a disease.
C)period between infection and the development of symptoms.
D)time when the symptoms are maximal.

Question 25

What type of cells engulfs ("eats") and destroys bacteria?

A)Brain cells
B)Red blood cells
C)Lymphocytes
D)Phagocytes

Question 26

Which of the following patients appear the same?

A)Normal patients and acute-stage patients
B)Normal patients and prodromal patients
C)Asymptomatic patients and normal patients
D)Asymptomatic patients and acute-stage patients

Question 27

Some strains of Streptococcus mutans are aciduric, which allows them to:

A)survive within a carious lesion.
B)attach to oral mucous membranes.
C)resist phagocytosis.
D)be inhaled.

Question 28

Spreading a microbe from one patient to another by reusing improperly sterilized instruments is referred to as cross-contamination through:

A)direct contact.
B)indirect contact.
C)droplet infection.
D)airborne infection.

Question 29

A very important disease-producing property of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that interferes with a host defense mechanism is:

A)being aciduric.
B)producing histolytic enzymes.
C)containing endotoxin.
D)resisting phagocytic digestion.

Question 30

Anaphylactic shock is defined as:

A)a bacterial disease of the lungs and skin, also called tuberculosis.
B)a viral disease of the brain and spinal cord similar to bacterial meningitis.
C)an allergy to a substance distributed throughout the body, affecting the blood, lungs, and heart.
D)the production of large amounts of antibodies in response to a particular bacterial disease.

Question 31

An allergic reaction is best defined as:

A)a disease caused by a microbe.
B)damage to the body by the immune system.
C)the multiplication of a microbe on or in the body.
D)a disease caused by a microbe that invaded the body from the outside.

Question 32

The immunity that develops from receiving the hepatitis B vaccination series is called _____ immunity.

A)innate
B)allergic
C)interferon
D)artificial

Question 33

Our bodies are usually free of bacteria except when we get sick from an exogenous disease.

Question 34

Special proteins that are made by the body after a microbe invades the body and that can destroy that microbe are called:

A)antibodies.
B)antigens.
C)barriers.
D)enzymes.