Deck 5: Population Health

Question 1

According to a study supported by the World Health Organization (WHO),what percentage of Navajo schoolchildren living in parts of the Navajo reservation in Arizona and New Mexico avoided laughing or smiling because of the way their teeth looked?

A)15%
B)25%
C)35%
D)45%

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common chronic disease of childhood?

A)Juvenile diabetes
B)Asthma
C)Hay fever
D)Tooth decay

Answer 2

Tooth decay

Question 3

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,1999-2004,what percentage of people age 75 years and older had experienced root caries?

A)22%
B)42%
C)62%
D)82%

Answer 3

42%

Question 4

What percentage of older adults (65 to 74 years of age)are edentulous?

A)4%
B)14%
C)24%
D)34%

Question 5

The prevalence of dental caries among school-aged children declined within the United States in the 1980s and 1990s.However,these improvements for children seem to have stalled and for some indicators actually regressed in the 2000s.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 6

Early childhood caries affect teeth of children up to __ years of age.

A)3
B)5
C)7
D)9

Question 7

__ % of school children 6 to 8 years of age have untreated tooth decay.

A)0.9
B)9.0
C)19
D)29

Question 8

Which of the following is true concerning the social impact of oral disease?

A)More than 51 million school hours are lost each year as a result of dental problems.
B)Children from higher income families experience more restricted activity days than poor children because of better monitoring.
C)Children with early childhood caries can demonstrate failure to thrive and be underweight.
D)a and c

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true concerning dental caries experience among children in the United States at this time?

A)Caries experience is evenly distributed throughout the childhood population.
B)Most tooth decay is experienced by only a few children.
C)There is a normal distribution of caries experience in the United States,with the majority clustered around the mean.
D)There is a bimodal distribution of caries experience in the United States.

Question 10

Which of the following is true concerning who among the employed is most likely to miss work because of dental diseases in the United States?

A)Men are more likely to miss work than women.
B)Hispanics are more likely to miss work than African Americans.
C)The uninsured are more likely to miss work than the insured.
D)Employees of service industries lose fewer hours of work than executives or professionals workers.

Question 11

Which of the following groups of children age 6 to 8 years had the highest level of untreated dental caries in 1999 to 2004?

A)African American children
B)Mexican American children
C)White children

Question 12

As the current trends in aging continue,adults will lose _____ teeth as they age and will have ______ teeth that are at risk for dental caries throughout life.

A)fewer;fewer
B)fewer;more
C)more;fewer
D)more;more

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with early childhood caries?

A)Diet that is high in saturated fat
B)Putting a child to bed with formula or other sweetened drinks
C)Not eating enough leafy green or yellow vegetables
D)Child who is a finicky eater

Question 14

Which of the following organizations developed the Oral Health Country/Area Profile Program (CAPP)in 1995?

A)Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
B)World Health Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO)
C)World Health Organization (WHO)
D)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Question 15

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),1999-2004,what percentage of young adults (35 to 44 years of age)with less than a high school education had untreated dental caries?

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%

Question 16

What percentage of children (older than 2 years of age)and adults have not had a dental visit in the past year?

A)15%
B)35%
C)55%
D)75%

Question 17

Which of the following groups of children are often markedly at increased risk for dental caries?
1)Children from minority racial and ethnic groups
2)Children whose parents have less than a high school education
3)Children whose parents have a low income

A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)1,3
D)2,3

Question 18

Which of the following is considered to be a safe and effective population-based measure to improve oral health and prevent oral disease?

A)Daily oral hygiene
B)School-based dental sealant program
C)Clinical dental visit
D)Healthy diet

Question 19

Which of the following surveys monitor key oral health indicators in the United States?
1)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
2)National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
3)Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)

A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)1

Question 20

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),the number of young children 2 to 4 years of age experiencing dental caries in their primary dentition during the years 1999 to 2004 ___________ from 1988 to 1994.

A)decreased markedly
B)decreased slightly
C)remained the same
D)increased

Question 21

Destructive periodontal disease (defined as loss of attachment of 4 mm)affected __% of dentate adults 35 to 44 years of age in 1999 to 2000.

A)6
B)16
C)26
D)36

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true about survey results concerning tooth loss in the United States?

A)Of adults 35 to 44 years of age,78% had never lost a permanent tooth during the period 1999 to 2004.
B)Males were less likely to have permanent tooth loss than females.
C)White adults and Mexican American adults were less likely to have any loss of permanent tooth compared with African American adults.
D)a and c

Question 23

Which of the following is true concerning placement of dental sealants in the United States?

A)A higher percentage of 14-year-old adolescents received dental sealants in the United States in 1999 to 2004 than 8-year-old children.
B)Disparities in dental sealants are not apparent based on race and ethnicity.
C)In 1999 to 2004,8-year-old Mexican American children had fewer dental sealants than white or African American children.
D)In 1999 to 2004,14-year-old Mexican American adolescents had fewer dental sealants than white or African American children.

Question 24

A 2001 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study estimated that for every $1.00 invested in water fluoridation,communities save ____ in dental treatment costs.

A)$1.00
B)$8.00
C)$18.00
D)$38.00

Question 25

In a 1990 survey,what percentage of adults in the United States chose fluoride when asked to identify the best method of preventing dental caries?

A)7%
B)37%
C)57%
D)77%

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true concerning fluoridation of water in the United States?

A)More than 75% of the U.S.population is served by community water systems with optimally fluoridated water.
B)Twenty-five percent of people in the United States receive water with sufficient naturally occurring fluoride concentrations.
C)More than 50% of the U.S.population does not have access to optimally fluoridated water.
D)The percentage of the population served by community water systems receiving optimally fluoridated water varies substantially by state.

Question 27

Which of the following is true regarding oral and pharyngeal cancer?

A)American Indian and Alaskan Native men have the highest oral cancer rates.
B)Recent studies have shown that the incidence is increasing for those cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV)infection.
C)An estimated 78,880 deaths from oral and pharynx cancer are expected in 2010.
D)The National Cancer Institute reported that oral cancer survival rates decreased approximately 15% from the mid-1960s until 2003.

Question 28

According to a national survey __% of persons age 8 to 5 years had severe crowding of the anterior incisors.

A)0.9
B)9.0
C)19.0
D)29.0

Question 29

Studies have reported a _______ increased risk for oral cancer in individuals who both smoke and drink heavily.

A)doubled
B)tripled
C)quadrupled
D)30-fold

Question 30

During the period 1988 to 1994,nearly _________ of adults in the United States age 35 to 44 years had gingivitis,which represented a ____________ from the survey in 1985 to 1986.

A)one quarter;increase
B)one quarter;decrease
C)one half;increase
D)one half;decrease

Question 31

Which of the following types of cancer occurs most frequently?

A)Bone cancer
B)Oral cancer
C)Ovarian cancer
D)Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 32

Oral cancer rates ___________________ from the mid-1970s until 2004,according to the National Cancer Institute Survey.

A)decreased more than 30%
B)decreased approximately 15%
C)decreased approximately 2%
D)increased approximately 15%

Question 33

Most oral cancers are:

A)osteogenic sarcomas.
B)pleomorphic adenomas.
C)squamous cell carcinomas.
D)melanomas.

Question 34

The annual cost of fluoridation is approximately $___ in communities of 20,000 or more residents.

A)0.50
B)3.00
C)5.00
D)50.00

Question 35

Which one following men 35 to 44 years of age is most likely to experience destructive periodontal disease?

A)White
B)African American
C)Mexican American

Question 36

Which of the following is the most equitable,cost-effective,and cost-saving method of providing fluoride to the community?

A)Fluoridated salt
B)Fluoridation of the public water supply
C)Fluoride mouth rinses
D)In-office fluoride treatments with fluoride gels or foams

Question 37

Disparities for dental sealant placement have been shown for:

A)both family income and parental education.
B)family income but not for parental education.
C)parental education but not for family income.
D)neither family income nor parental education.

Question 38

Which of the following ethnic groups has the lowest survival rate for oral cancer?

A)African American
B)American Indian and Alaskan Native
C)Asian and Pacific Islander
D)Hispanic

Question 39

What percentage of the American population age 65 to 74 years was edentulous (i.e. ,had lost all of their natural teeth)in 1999 to 2004?

A)4%
B)14%
C)24%
D)34%

Question 40

Which of the following is true regarding treatment of cleft lip and cleft palate in the United States?

A)The lifetime cost of providing care to children born each year with cleft lip or cleft palate is estimated to be $697 million.
B)Oral clefts are entirely attributable to genetic causes,and environmental factors do not play a role.
C)The National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN)collects cleft lip and palate data annually from all 50 states.
D)a and c

Question 41

Which of the following ethnic groups was most likely to have indicated an annual dental visit in 2004 according to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)?

A)African American
B)Hispanic
C)American Indian and Alaskan Native
D)Asian and Pacific Islander

Question 42

According to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)in 2007,the highest percentage of the population was unable to get or delayed in getting needed:

A)medical care.
B)dental care.
C)prescription medicines.

Question 43

In the absence of Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP),most children covered by these programs would be:

A)covered by private dental insurance.
B)covered by Medicare.
C)covered by the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors.
D)uninsured.

Question 44

Which of the following groups of older adults in the United States was least likely to have private dental coverage in 2004?

A)White
B)African American
C)Hispanic

Question 45

A 2009 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey showed that the employees least likely to participate in private dental insurance plans were ____________ and working in smaller businesses.

A)full time,union
B)full time,nonunion
C)part time,union
D)part time,nonunion

Question 46

Which of the following groups of people are most likely to be unable to get or delayed in getting needed dental care?

A)Asian children and adults
B)Persons in families who are poor
C)People 65 years of age and older
D)Insured persons

Question 47

Children from which of the following backgrounds were most likely to have no dental coverage in 2004?

A)Children from poor families
B)Children from families with low or middle incomes
C)Children from families with high incomes

Question 48

Who is most likely to have an emergency department (ED)visit because of a craniofacial injury?

A)Children younger than 15 years of age
B)Adolescents and young adults 15 to 24 years of age
C)Adults 75 years of age and older

Question 49

According to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)in 2004,what percentage of the total US population older than 2 years had a dental visit in the past year?

A)35%
B)45%
C)55%
D)65%

Question 50

In the United States in 2004,what percentage of children and adults with no dental coverage had dental visits?

A)27%
B)47%
C)67%
D)87%

Question 51

__% of medium and large firms offered private dental insurance in 1997.

A)37
B)57
C)77
D)97

Question 52

The percentage of people with an annual dental visit is lowest among:

A)children younger than 6 years of age.
B)adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age.
C)adults between 35 and 44 years of age.
D)adults older than 75 years of age.

Question 53

The federal government finances approximately __% of Medicaid spending.

A)37
B)57
C)77
D)97

Question 54

About what percentage of low-income youth received a preventive dental service in 2004?

A)31%
B)41%
C)51%
D)61%

Question 55

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,what percentage of adolescents 12 to 19 years of age were shown to have an unrestored fracture in enamel?

A)3%
B)13%
C)23%
D)33%

Question 56

Expenditures for dental care among the U.S.civilian population not in institutions were __% of total health care expenditures in 2006.

A)0.74
B)7.4
C)17.4
D)27.4

Question 57

The greatest percentage of payment for dental expenditures in 2006 was paid by:

A)private insurance.
B)out of pocket.
C)public sources,such as federal,state,and local governments.

Question 58

Which of the following is true concerning dental fluorosis?

A)A 1999 to 2002 survey found that posterior teeth were more affected than anterior teeth.
B)In a 1999 to 2002 survey,very mild or greater dental fluorosis was observed in 67% of persons age 6 to 39 years of age examined with Dean's fluorosis index.
C)An increase in the rate of very mild or greater fluorosis was observed among children and adolescents age 6 to 19 years of age when findings from 1999 to 2002 were compared with those from 1986 to 1987.
D)a and c

Question 59

More than one in __ children rely on the Medicaid program for coverage.

A)four
B)six
C)eight
D)ten

Question 60

Reports indicate that as many as __% of children 1 to 18 years of age enrolled in Medicaid had not received dental care in 2007.

A)22
B)42
C)62
D)82

Question 61

One would have been least likely to encounter a dental student from which of the following ethnic groups during the 2008 to 2009 academic year?

A)African American
B)Native American or Alaskan Native
C)Hispanic or Latino
D)Asian American or Pacific Islander

Question 62

Which of the following is true concerning the supply of general dentists in the United States?

A)The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 16% growth in the number of general dentists through 2018.
B)Currently,about 21% of all dentists are practitioners in general dentistry.
C)The number of general dentists in the United States started declining around the turn of the 20th century.
D)As the number of general dentists increases,it is predicted to have a positive impact on the supply of dentists in rural areas.

Question 63

About __% of dental school graduates now enroll in dental specialty or general dentistry residency programs.

A)35
B)45
C)55
D)65

Question 64

Which of the following is true concerning results of the Pew Children's Dental Campaign assessment and grading of all 50 states and the District of Columbia on whether and how well they were implementing cost-effective preventive strategies and promising policy approaches?

A)The analysis showed that about 60% of states do not have key policies in place.
B)Six states met all targets.
C)Nine states received an F,meeting only one or two policy benchmarks.
D)a and c

Question 65

The greatest gains in dental school enrollment have been an expansion in the representation of:

A)African Americans.
B)women.
C)persons with disabilities.
D)people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

Question 66

Private dental practices tend to be disproportionately concentrated in:

A)cities.
B)suburban areas.
C)rural areas.

Question 67

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes which of the following provisions?
1)Increases funds for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)grants
2)Expands school-based sealant programs
3)Expands access to optimally fluoridated water

A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)1,3
D)2,3

Question 68

In fiscal years 2007 to 2008,18% of responding state programs had ____ or fewer full-time equivalent (FTE)employees and contractors.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 69

The dentist-to-population ratio has increased since the 1980s.By 2010,the ratio will be at its highest level in nearly 100 years.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 70

Between 1998 and 2008,the number of dental patients at community health centers increased by ___%.

A)8
B)58
C)108
D)158

Question 71

By 2030,minorities are expected to increase and comprise half of the U.S.population.The number of elderly Americans will double by 2050.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.