Deck 10: Families

Question 1

Which individual is the LEAST likely to be happy in a marriage?

A)a woman in a same-sex marriage
B)a woman in a mixed-sex marriage
C)a man in a same-sex marriage
D)a man in a mixed-sex marriage

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Lisa is a single parent who works full time as a firefighter.Today,when her shift at the fire station ends,Lisa will prepare dinner for her family,oversee her children's homework,give her youngest child a bath,clean the kitchen,and do a load of laundry.What term best describes the work that Lisa will be doing?

A)concerted cultivation
B)homemaking
C)intensive motherhood
D)second shift

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Since 1950,voluntary unmarried motherhood has increased because

A)divorce rates have increased.
B)having a child out of wedlock has become less stigmatized.
C)parenting is more rewarding than marriage.
D)women want to challenge the ideology of intensive motherhood.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Childcare in gay households

A)is masculinized,because gay fathers center childcare discussions around financially providing.
B)is feminized,because gay fathers use language indicating that parenting is a women's role.
C)is not viewed as a gendered activity.
D)is viewed as both masculine and feminine.

Question 5

Lila is __________.She is looking for a relationship in which both she and her male partner will do their fair share of breadwinning,housekeeping,and child rearing.

A)a dual nurturer
B)an egalitarian
C)a neo-traditionalist
D)a traditionalist

Question 6

Nathan is an unmarried sophomore in college who desires to have an egalitarian marriage in the future.When he is asked what his fallback plan will be,if sharing is not possible,which response is he MOST likely to give?

A)He would prefer to have his career prioritized and have his partner to focus on homemaking.
B)He would prefer to remain single and not marry.
C)He would pull back on career ambitions and prioritize his partner's career.
D)He would prefer to remain childless,but still marry.

Question 7

In low-income households,mothers will often stay at home because

A)they wish to help nonfamily members in their neighborhood.
B)they wish to please their in-laws by doing more intensive mothering.
C)day care costs more money than they are able to earn by working.
D)building egalitarian relationships requires mutual sacrifice.

Question 8

Which statement best reflects how family life is represented in sitcoms,TV commercials,and parenting advice books in the United States today?

A)Grandparents are in charge of children and the second shift.
B)Parenting is a joint responsibility of a mother and father.
C)Women are the primary caretakers of the house and children and men are the backups.
D)Fathers are active and knowledgeable caretakers of children.

Question 9

Lydia has no children of her own,but she provides material and emotional support to the children who live in her neighborhood.Lydia is a good example of

A)a concerted cultivator.
B)an intensive mother.
C)an othermother.
D)a traditionalist.

Question 10

The lifetime effects of lost wages,benefits,and social security contributions that come with taking time out of the workforce to raise children is called

A)wage discrimination.
B)the mommy tax.
C)the gender salience of housework.
D)outsourcing care.

Question 11

Why do scholars say that we are seeing a feminization of poverty?

A)If you are in poverty in the United States,it's because you aren't working and work is viewed as masculine.
B)Due to women's higher likelihood of working in underpaid industries and being single parents,people who are poor are increasingly likely to be women.
C)Poverty has been romanticized and viewed in a sympathetic light in recent decades.
D)Women are more likely than men to be concerned about poverty.

Question 12

Couples with class privilege can build and maintain an equal division of labor by

A)remaining childless.
B)outsourcing more household labor.
C)sharing the same traditionalist orientation.
D)specializing in either household or market labor.

Question 13

The textbook authors label work and family as "greedy institutions" because

A)both are expensive.
B)both are designed in ways that enhance national gross domestic product (GDP)for the good of the country.
C)both make gendered demands for a great deal of an individual's time and energy.
D)both preserve the androcentric organization of economy.

Question 14

What is the best supported explanation for choosing to go "child-free" in the United States?

A)a decrease in the ideology of intensive mothering
B)a decrease in the number of men attending college where women can meet and marry them
C)the lower value of life and widespread abortions by middle-class women
D)an increased availability of safe birth control options and opportunities to excel professionally

Question 15

While men and women overwhelmingly want egalitarian relationships,the majority of men's backup plans can be described as

A)neo-traditional.
B)traditionalist.
C)authoritarian.
D)feminist.

Question 16

The working poor are people who

A)are paid wages below minimum wage.
B)work at paid jobs but still live in poverty.
C)are hired for domestic outsourcing by upper-class families.
D)are working toward economic stability.

Question 17

What does the phrase "just stay home" imply with regard to how homemaking is viewed in society?

A)It signals a high level of respect for the sacrifices homemakers make on behalf of their family.
B)It suggests that homemakers perform extensive amounts of labor.
C)It reflects the societal viewpoint that homemakers don't perform any labor.
D)It reflects the high value homemaking holds in American society.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the second shift?

A)Single mothers are especially likely to avoid facing this specific challenge of marriage.
B)It is a gender-neutral problem facing all families,which can be solved strategically in different ways.
C)On average,it disproportionally burdens women.
D)Generally,married couples divide housework between them on the basis of who has more time when the first shift of paid work is over.

Question 19

The study of how households with only men divided up their chores found that

A)caring about cleanliness could be masculinized as well as feminized.
B)doing masculinity meant pretending not to care whether the house was clean.
C)housework was not gendered unless women were present.
D)policing cleanliness can be more important than policing gender.

Question 20

The ideology of intensive motherhood suggests that

A)child rearing can be emotionally taxing and intensive,so it's important for mothers to seek help from partners and extended family members.
B)child rearing is particularly important at very young ages,but as a child ages,the amount of time,energy,and material resources devoted to child rearing decreases.
C)child rearing involves copious amounts of time,energy,and material resources,and these demands on mothers should be prioritized.
D)because child rearing is so demanding in terms of time,energy,and material resources,mothers should seek to outsource this care so that they can attend to their other desires and demands.

Question 21

In 2016,the birthrate was the lowest recorded in the last thirty years.Give at least three potential explanations for the rise in the decision to be childfree in the United States.What kind of societal changes might reverse or at least stop this downward trend in births?

Question 22

Why do so many upper class wives support the ideology of intensive mothering?

A)They want to preserve their social standing by defining their work as valuable.
B)They believe in biological differences emerging in early childhood.
C)The commodification of baby products was enhanced by their position in capitalism.
D)They want to contest the demands of greedy institutions like work and family.

Question 23

The care chain is important because it highlights how

A)a series of unpaid nurturing relationships can be built and sustained across countries.
B)the work of care brings more financial returns as you move down the chain.
C)both men and women do care work at the highest levels.
D)the work of care is feminized and devalued,whether it is paid or not.

Question 24

Why could outsourcing be called a patriarchal bargain?

A)It helps migrant communities earn a living doing domestic chores.
B)It has to be negotiated to resist the matrix of domination.
C)It does not liberate women as a group.
D)It helps build transnational care chains that reproduce patriarchy.

Question 25

Name two ideological and two institutional barriers that limit households from carrying out their preferences for an egalitarian division of unpaid labor.Which of these four explanations would you select as the most important barrier for women and men who are like you in their other identities/social locations,and why?

Question 26

Marcus strongly supports his wife's desire to work,but he also expects her to be in charge of all caretaking duties and the running of their household.Marcus is a good example of

A)a dual nurturer.
B)an egalitarian.
C)a neo-traditionalist.
D)a traditionalist.

Question 27

Explain the ideology of intensive motherhood.How does this ideology view the role of the mother? Do you believe that this ideology is sexist? Is it androcentric? Why or why not?

Question 28

How does the continued feminization of housework and childcare impact gender equality? Explain this phenomenon in your own words.

Question 29

Compare and contrast how a traditionalist,a neo-traditionalist,an egalitarian,and a dual-nurturer divides labor in the home.In the development of your answers,discuss factors that will influence the likelihood a couple will employ a particular strategy.

Question 30

Some couples choose the breadwinner/homemaker arrangement even when they have egalitarian beliefs,often because

A)the alternative of being Super Mom is not practical for women of their social class or race.
B)the women have been socialized to accept a move to work full time on the second shift and men were socialized to be breadwinners.
C)there is a relatively large difference between what the average husband and average wife earn.
D)they know that maintaining care chains helps lower-income families.

Question 31

Elena and Luis both prioritize the second shift.After the birth of their first child,each scaled back on their career ambitions and moved to working part-time.They still make enough money to pay the bills,and they are able to take turns being home with their child.Elena and Luis are a good example of __________ couple.

A)a dual-nurturer
B)an egalitarian
C)a neo-traditional
D)a traditional

Question 32

Traditional and neo-traditional heterosexual couples share beliefs and practices that distinguish them from other couples.The most central of these would be that

A)they believe being at the top of the care chain will help establish gender equality for their family.
B)they can afford to be pragmatic rather than ideological in their approach toward negotiating gender in heterosexual relationships.
C)they resist the ideology of intensive motherhood in favor of emphasizing women's housework.
D)they resist reorganizing the second shift on a basis other than gender.