Deck 21: Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

If the right internal carotid artery is blocked,what happens to the blood flow to the right side of the brain?

A) Blood flow is delivered via the circle of Willis
B) Blood flow is diminished by 25%
C) Blood flow is diminished by 50%
D) Blood flow ceases

Answer 1

Blood flow is delivered via the circle of Willis

Question 2

Which type of hematoma results from traumatic injury involving the middle meningeal artery?

A) Subdural
B) Epidural
C) Subarachnoid
D) Intercerebral

Answer 2

Epidural

Question 3

Obstructive hydrocephalus can occur in the presence of what abnormality?

A) Blockage in the arachnoid villi
B) Malformation of the falx cerebelli
C) Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the ventricular system
D) Increased production of CSF

Answer 3

Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the ventricular system

Question 4

Which area of the ventricular system is usually cannulated for intracranial pressure monitoring?

A) Frontal horn of the lateral ventricle
B) Aqueduct of Sylvius
C) Foramen of Monro
D) Fourth ventricle

Question 5

Which statement best describes the role of neuroglial cells?

A) They are fewer in number than neurons.
B) They provide support to the neuron in nutrients and structural formation.
C) They protect the central nervous system (CNS) from nonmetabolic primary neoplasms.
D) They produce a steady supply of neurotransmitters.

Question 6

A lack of which two substances can cause disruption in neuronal function and irreversible damage?

A) Oxygen and glucose
B) Protein and insulin
C) Oxygen and protein
D) Protein and glucose

Question 7

Which structure(s)form(s)the blood-brain barrier?

A) Postsynaptic terminals
B) Pia mater
C) Vascular endothelial cells
D) Myelin sheath

Question 8

Which neurologic structure carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system (CNS)to the periphery to produce a response such as contraction of the skeletal muscles?

A) Efferent fibers
B) Afferent fibers
C) Sensory fibers
D) Neurotransmitters

Question 9

What is the tissue that adheres directly to the brain called?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Blood-brain barrier

Question 10

Which areas of the spinal cord have tenuous blood supply and are especially vulnerable to circulatory embarrassment?

A) C2 to C3
B) C5 to C6
C) T8 to T10
D) L4 to L5

Question 11

What is the region of the brain that acts as a relay station for both motor and sensory activity called?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Thalamus
D) Hypothalamus

Question 12

The sensory,motor,and cognitive functions are the primary functions of which area of the brain?

A) Diencephalon
B) Basal ganglia
C) Cerebellum
D) Cerebrum

Question 13

Control of the rate of respirations occurs in the in which brain center?

A) Apneustic center
B) Pneumotaxic center
C) Reticular activating system
D) Midbrain

Question 14

A person with a cerebellar lesion will have difficulty with which physiologic mechanism?

A) Breathing
B) Equilibrium
C) Memory
D) Speech

Question 15

A patient has neurologic damage to the limbic system.Which assessment finding is specific to this type of deficit?

A) Flat affect with periods of emotional lability
B) Unable to recall early events
C) Disorientation to place and time
D) Unable to interpret written words

Question 16

Damage to the upper portion of the reticular activating system results in which condition?

A) Seizures
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Apnea
D) Impaired consciousness

Question 17

What is the large opening at the base of the cranium called?

A) Cisterna magna
B) Median foramen
C) Foramen magnum
D) Lateral foramen

Question 18

What percentage of the body's total resting cardiac output is used by the brain?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 40%

Question 19

A patient with neurologic damage continues with extremely high core body temperature despite interventions to lower temperature.The nurse suspects the patient has sustained damage to which area of the brain?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Thalamus
D) Hypothalamus

Question 20

Substances most likely to pass across the blood-brain barrier have what characteristics?

A) Low pH compared with body fluids
B) Lipid solubility
C) Large particle size
D) A close relation to toxic metabolites

Question 21

Which lobe of the brain deals primarily with sensory function?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Question 22

The ability to access cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)by a lumbar puncture is attributable to the flow of CSF in which space?

A) Subdural
B) Subpia
C) Epidural
D) Subarachnoid

Question 23

Stimulation of what nerve will elicit the gag reflex?

A) Glossopharyngeal
B) Facial
C) Spinal accessory
D) Hypoglossal

Question 24

The primary functions of which lobe are hearing,speech,behavior,and memory?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Question 25

Which of these substances are examples of small-molecule transmitters?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Glucose
C) Norepinephrine
D) Dopamine
E) Epinephrine
F) GABA receptors

Question 26

Which cranial nerves are responsible for motor functions of the eye?

A) Optic nerve
B) Oculomotor
C) Trochlear
D) Trigeminal
E) Abducens
F) Acoustic

Question 27

Which afferent pathway carries sensory impulses from the body into the spinal cord?

A) Subarachnoid
B) Spinal nerves
C) Ventral root
D) Dorsal root

Question 28

A patient is admitted after a stroke.The patient has an altered level of consciousness and garbled speech.A computed tomography scan is performed to determine the cause of the stroke,and a lumbar puncture is performed for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Because the patient's speech is garbled,the nurse documents the occurrence of which type of aphasia?

A) Fluent
B) Receptive
C) Expressive
D) Global

Question 29

A patient has coherent speech but the words are illogical.Which part of the brain has been affected?

A) The cerebellum
B) The Broca area
C) The Wernicke area
D) The hypothalamus

Question 30

Cranial nerves IX,X,XI,and XII are located in which section of the brainstem?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Reticular formation