Deck 6: Lipids: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Question 1

The MOST common lipids found in food are:

A)sterols.
B)triglycerides.
C)phospholipids.
D)glycerols.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type(s)of phospholipids act as an emulsifier?

A)lecithins
B)omega-3 fatty acids
C)short chain fatty acids
D)triglycerides

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which essential fatty acid plays an important role in reducing a person's risk for heart disease?

A)cholesterol
B)trans fatty acid
C)alpha-linolenic acid
D)linoleic acid

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Essential fatty acids (EFAs)are precursors needed to produce which type of biological compounds?

A)enzymes
B)eicosanoids
C)cholesterols
D)carbohydrates

Question 5

The body stores lipids as:

A)phospholipids.
B)triglycerides.
C)glycerols.
D)sterols.

Question 6

Which of the following foods is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A)broccoli
B)sirloin steak
C)tofu
D)salmon

Question 7

The two essential fatty acids are:

A)cholesterol and bile.
B)linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid.
C)butyric and stearic acid.
D)cis and trans fat.

Question 8

Which of the following foods is BEST characterized as a rich source of saturated fatty acids?

A)cashew nuts
B)olive oil
C)canola oil
D)butter

Question 9

Which of the following substances is classified as a lipid?

A)glycogens
B)cholecystokinin (CCK)
C)sterols
D)phosphates

Question 10

A triglyceride is comprised of:

A)three fatty acids and one glycerol.
B)three glycerols and one fatty acid.
C)three phospholipids and one glycerol.
D)three glycerols and one phospholipid.

Question 11

Which of the following fatty acids is typically solid at room temperature?

A)short-chain
B)saturated
C)monounsaturated
D)polyunsaturated

Question 12

Diets high in trans fatty acids are MOST associated with:

A)decreased cancer risk.
B)increased blood cholesterol levels.
C)osteoporosis.
D)decreased blood glucose levels.

Question 13

Triglycerides can be classified by which of the following characteristics?

A)the length of the glycerol backbone
B)the shape of the glycerol backbone
C)whether or not it is soluble in water
D)the shape,length,and saturation of the fatty acids

Question 14

Which of the following is BEST characterized as a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A)corn oil
B)coconut oil
C)beef fat
D)butter

Question 15

Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a food product?

A)hydrogenated vegetable oil
B)lecithin
C)liquid corn oil
D)vitamin E

Question 16

The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid is called:

A)emulsification.
B)pressurization.
C)hydrogenation.
D)deamination.

Question 17

A fatty acid comprised of a 10-carbon chain and one double bond is characterized as a:

A)saturated,medium-chain fatty acid.
B)saturated,long-chain fatty acid.
C)monounsaturated,medium-chain fatty acid.
D)monounsaturated,long-chain fatty acid.

Question 18

A fatty acid comprised of a 16-carbon chain with no points of unsaturation is called a(n):

A)saturated,short-chain fatty acid.
B)saturated,medium-chain fatty acid.
C)saturated,long-chain fatty acid.
D)unsaturated,long-chain fatty acid.

Question 19

Why are phospholipids NOT considered to be essential nutrients?

A)Our bodies manufacture phospholipids.
B)Phospholipids are not naturally found in the healthy body.
C)Beneficial GI bacteria produce phospholipids.
D)They provide no useful function in the human body.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about trans fatty acids?

A)They are made by the body in large quantities.
B)It is currently not a requirement to list their amounts on food labels.
C)They decrease the risk of developing heart disease.
D)They result from the hydrogenation process.

Question 21

Chylomicrons are soluble in water.Which component of their outer surface gives them this characteristic?

A)triglycerides
B)phospholipids and proteins
C)bile
D)carbohydrates

Question 22

Which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?

A)lipoprotein lipase
B)epinephrine
C)insulin
D)estrogen

Question 23

Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs?

A)lipoproteins
B)beta cells of the pancreas
C)liver
D)adipose tissue

Question 24

The primary enzyme for digesting cholesterol esters in the small intestine is called:

A)amylase.
B)cholesterol esterase.
C)lingual lipase.
D)pancreatic lipase.

Question 25

Which hormone signals the gallbladder to contract?

A)serotonin
B)lipoprotein lipase
C)insulin
D)cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 26

As part of the absorption process,most digested lipids are transported to the mucosal lining of the small intestine in spherical compounds called:

A)micelles.
B)peptides.
C)monoglycerides.
D)glycerols.

Question 27

The primary form in which dietary cholesterol occurs is as:

A)free cholesterol.
B)phospholipid.
C)cholesterol ester.
D)omega-6 fatty acid.

Question 28

To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats,the gallbladder stores and releases:

A)lipase.
B)bile.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)bicarbonate.

Question 29

Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are substances derived from which class of lipid?

A)fatty acids
B)triglycerides
C)phospholipids
D)sterols

Question 30

During triglyceride digestion,two fatty acids are removed and the resulting molecule is called a:

A)monoacylglyceride.
B)diglyceride.
C)sterol.
D)phospholipid.

Question 31

Which type of lipid has as a ring structure?

A)trans fatty acids
B)phospholipids
C)sterols
D)saturated fatty acids

Question 32

The primary emulsifiers in bile are called:

A)lecithins.
B)cholecystokinin (CCK).
C)bicarbonate.
D)electrolytes.

Question 33

The lipoprotein that transports lipids from the intestine into the bloodstream is a:

A)chylomicron.
B)very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
C)high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
D)micelle.

Question 34

Which of the following hormones is produced from cholesterol?

A)estrogen
B)insulin
C)epinephrine
D)glucagon

Question 35

Which of the following is/are a critical structural component of a cell's membrane?

A)estrogen
B)glycerol
C)phospholipids
D)triglycerides

Question 36

Which type of essential fatty acid is MOST associated with being found in fish or fish oils?

A)omega-6
B)omega-3
C)saturated
D)monounsaturated

Question 37

How many Calories are potentially provided by 25 grams of fat?

A)23 kilocalories
B)100 kilocalories
C)225 kilocalories
D)2,250 kilocalories

Question 38

Which of the following food item contains the highest amount of dietary cholesterol?

A)steamed broccoli
B)olive oil
C)skim milk
D)butter

Question 39

The vast majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the:

A)stomach.
B)liver.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 40

Yesterday Shannon consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate,75 grams of protein,and 60 grams of fat.What percentage of Calories of her day's intake came from fat?

A)13%
B)15%
C)29%
D)35%

Question 41

How are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)related to heart health?

A)HDLs increase inflammation,which restricts blood flow.
B)HDLs release artery-clogging cholesterol into the blood.
C)HDLs remove artery-clogging cholesterol from the blood.
D)HDLs help bind cholesterol to the walls of blood vessels,restricting blood flow.

Question 42

Which type of dietary fat is known to elevate blood cholesterol levels?

A)saturated
B)polyunsaturated
C)monounsaturated
D)docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 43

A blood test showed that Tom's level of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)is 210 mg/dl.What is the potential health implication of this condition?

A)increased risk of atherosclerosis
B)decreased risk of atherosclerosis
C)decreased production of blood cholesterol
D)reduced inflammation

Question 44

Which of the following is typically high in both unhealthful saturated fat and trans fatty acid?

A)avocado
B)olive oil
C)peanut butter
D)croissant

Question 45

Which of the following is the BEST source of heart-healthy fats?

A)whole milk
B)cheddar cheese
C)canola oil
D)butter

Question 46

Diets high in ________ have been shown to increase blood levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).

A)saturated fatty acids
B)trans fatty acids
C)omega-3 fatty acids
D)omega-6 fatty acids

Question 47

The production of endogenous very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)is decreased by:

A)exercise.
B)simple sugars.
C)extra Calories.
D)dietary cholesterol.

Question 48

A fatty acid containing the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms bound to it is called:

A)monounsaturated.
B)polyunsaturated.
C)saturated.
D)methylated.

Question 49

What effect does exercise have on blood-cholesterol levels?

A)increases total triglycerides
B)increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol
C)lowers HDL-cholesterol
D)increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol

Question 50

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)are so named because of their high proportion of:

A)cholesterol.
B)carbohydrates.
C)liquid.
D)protein.

Question 51

Why does a cis fatty acid have a kinked shape?

A)Its hydrogen atoms are attached on diagonally opposite sides of the double carbon bond.
B)Both hydrogen atoms are located on the same sides of the double carbon bond.
C)Every one of its carbon atoms is saturated with hydrogen.
D)It has only one double carbon bond.

Question 52

How does fat consumption relate to vitamin A,D,E,and K intake?

A)These vitamins are normally highly unstable molecules and are stabilized by fatty acids.
B)These vitamins require fats for their absorption and transport.
C)Fats provide the energy required to move these large molecules across the intestinal wall.
D)These vitamins are found only in the saturated fat found in animal sources.

Question 53

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

A)cancer
B)heart disease
C)diabetes
D)infection

Question 54

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat calls for a maximum of ________ of total energy intake.

A)less than 10%
B)20%
C)35%
D)50%

Question 55

Which type of fatty acid has hydrogen atoms attached on diagonally opposite sides of a double carbon bond?

A)monounsaturated
B)saturated
C)cis
D)trans

Question 56

Which of the following is the BEST source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)?

A)flaxseeds
B)avocado
C)spinach
D)fish oil

Question 57

Which of the following foods is MOST likely to contain "invisible" fats?

A)olive oil
B)zucchini
C)chocolate cake
D)butter

Question 58

Which of the following provides both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A)flaxseed oil
B)butter
C)ground beef
D)chicken

Question 59

A ________ fatty acid contains one double bond between carbons.

A)monounsaturated
B)polyunsaturated
C)saturated
D)sterol

Question 60

What effect do statin drugs have on blood cholesterol?

A)They raise levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs).
B)They lower levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
C)They raise levels of LDLs.
D)They lower levels of HDLs.

Question 61

Fat is the most energy-dense of all the macronutrients.

Question 62

Diets high in plant foods will usually be lower in saturated fats than diets high in animal products.

Question 63

What effect does the consumption of trans fatty acids have on a person's health?

A)provides essential fatty acids that reduce inflammation
B)boosts immune function
C)increases risk for cardiovascular disease
D)reduces risk for cardiovascular disease

Question 64

How do omega-3 fatty acids decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)They increase levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).
B)They increase levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
C)They increase levels of cholesterol.
D)They increase levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs).

Question 65

In a phospholipid,the heads are hydrophobic and the tails are hydrophilic.

Question 66

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are digested and transported more quickly than long-chain fatty acids.

Question 67

All lipids are solid at room temperature.

Question 68

Lipoproteins are identified based on their proportion of less-dense lipid to very-dense protein.

Question 69

Lipids are easily dissolved in water.

Question 70

People who engage in regular physical activity are more likely to have triglycerides stored in their muscle tissue.

Question 71

Cholesterol is used to make sex hormones.

Question 72

One tablespoon of fish oil,which contains more than 4 grams of alpha-linolenic fatty acid,provides:

A)half the Adequate Intake (AI)of omega-3 fatty acids.
B)half the AI of omega-6 fatty acids.
C)more than double the AI of omega-3 fatty acids.
D)more than double the AI of omega-6 fatty acids.

Question 73

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)for linoleic acid is at least what percentage of daily energy intake?

A)2
B)5
C)14
D)17

Question 74

A typical fast-food meal of a hamburger and fries is generally not a healthy choice because it is high in:

A)alpha-linolenic acid.
B)cis fatty acids.
C)eicosanoids.
D)invisible fats.

Question 75

Lipids are a major fuel source when we are at rest.

Question 76

Which of the following sources of protein includes the MOST unhealthful fats?

A)poached salmon
B)fried chicken
C)lentils
D)tempeh

Question 77

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)and other health groups recommend that total daily intake of canola oil and other polyunsaturated fats make up no more than ________ of total energy intake in order to prevent or reduce the risk for heart disease.

A)7%
B)10%
C)20%
D)35%

Question 78

The COOH end of a fatty acid is called the methyl end.

Question 79

The human body synthesizes (manufactures)cholesterol.

Question 80

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)are often called "good" cholesterol.