Deck 2: Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices

Question 1

A monochronistic view of time suggests:​

A) ​doing several things at once.
B) doing only two things at a time.
C) doing one thing at a time.
D) focusing on one color at a time.
E) doing nothing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Traditional views of being thin are seldom negative and do not have underlying associations with poor diet and disease.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In a traditional culture, the evil eye can be blamed for causing illness when an envious enemy casts it.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What ethnicity focuses most on the belief that fulfilling social obligations is essential to health and that disharmony with family or village members can result in illness?​

A) ​Gypsies
B) ​African Americans
C) ​Middle Easterners
D) ​Pacific Islanders
E) ​Native Americans

Question 5

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease, defines what term?​

A) ​biomedical approach
B) holistic medicine​
C) botanical remedies​
D) health​
E) welfare​

Question 6

The view of an individual's relationship to fate is seldom related to the perception of time.

Question 7

"Hot" and "cold" associations between food and health would suggest that the hot and cold aspects of food should be balanced to account for personal constitution and the weather.

Question 8

Expression of emotions through bodily complaints is called​

A) ​sympathetic qualities.
B) the biomedical approach.
C) somatization.
D) empacho.
E) empathetic qualities.

Question 9

Approximately what percentage of adults in the U.S.used some form of CAM during the year 2007?​

A) ​50%
B) 72%​
C) 38%​
D) 12%​
E) 83%​

Question 10

Asians often believe that the yin and the yang of their surroundings and environment need to be kept in balance for cosmic and personal harmony and health.

Question 11

What is the belief of the "majority American worldview" in regard to fate?​

A) ​a belief in personal control over fate
B) a belief that fate controls the future​
C) a belief that illness is a result of fate​
D) a belief in fate only in movies​
E) a belief in fate only if prescribed by physician​

Question 12

When sickness is assumed to be due to the actions of the patient, reasons for illness might include​

A) ​bad weather, allergens, and pollution.
B) viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
C) food and exercise choices.
D) interpersonal disharmony.
E) conjury.

Question 13

The future orientation of the biomedical model expects patients to put up with a high level of pain and discomfort in the present for the future health benefit.

Question 14

General dietary guidelines for health that are similar to those of the U.S.have been developed for many countries, and usually include what concept(s)?​

A) ​five food groups
B) using foods as medicine because of their intrinsic properties​
C) balance and moderation​
D) calorie restriction and physical activity​
E) vitamin supplements​

Question 15

When a health care provider imposes her or his beliefs, practices, and values on a patient from another culture, what is this termed?​

A) ​supernatural powers
B) cultural imposition​
C) worldview​
D) cultural inquisition​
E) biomedical approach​

Question 16

Traditional views of health and illness often encompass a mind-body duality.

Question 17

Cultural imposition can be defined as a tendency for health personnel to impose their beliefs, practices, and values upon another culture because they believe their views are superior.

Question 18

For many biomedical health care providers, an illness isn't real unless it is clinically significant; emotional or social issues are the domain of other specialists.

Question 19

The American majority value that all people should have equal access to health care is shared by almost all cultures worldwide.

Question 20

In biomedical culture, three causes of disease are identified:​

A) ​immediate causes, underlying causes, and ultimate causes.
B) immediate causes, emerging causes, and ultimate causes.
C) immediate causes, intermediate causes, and underlying causes.
D) spiritual causes, emerging causes, and ultimate causes.
E) spiritual causes, underlying causes, and immediate causes.

Question 21

The majority members in the United States are ________, meaning they prefer to concentrate on one issue or task at a time in a sequential manner.

A) ​multicultural
B) monochronistic​
C) immigrants​
D) materialistic​
E) spiritual​

Question 22

The number of adults over 65 years of age in the U.S.is expected to double by what year?​

A) ​2080
B) 2050​
C) 2016​
D) 2020​
E) 2100​

Question 23

Culture-bound syndromes are​

A) ​a holistic view of the total experiences of the patient.
B) healers chosen by cost and convenience.
C) culturally defined folk illnesses that may be difficult to treat if not actually considered an illness.
D) always due to witches and conjury issues.
E) brought on by the evil eye.

Question 24

Witches, sorcerers, and root doctors have the power to manipulate the natural or supernatural world through​

A) ​the evil eye.
B) wind or bad air.
C) conjury.
D) humor systems.
E) magic wands.

Question 25

What type(s)of attributes are commonly associated with well-being?​

A) ​behavioral characteristics
B) physical characteristics (i.e., skin, hair sheen, weight)​
C) clinical features such as sore throat​
D) routine laboratory measures​
E) disharmony within the context of relationships​

Question 26

Sympathetic medicine and sympathetic magic use the word sympathetic to mean​

A) ​agreeably suited to a disposition or mood.
B) vibrations from being in harmony.
C) items that have visible characteristics similar to human body parts or organs.
D) ​items that feel similar to human body parts or organs.
E) ​balanced and in moderation.

Question 27

Hot-cold concepts developed out of ________ humoral medicine that identified four characteristics in the natural world associated with four body humors.

A) ​Middle Eastern
B) Latin American​
C) Renaissance​
D) ancient Greek​
E) Native American Indian​

Question 28

The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called​

A) ​biomedical healing.
B) dual medicine.
C) medical pluralism.
D) ayurvedic medicine.
E) cooperative monitoring.

Question 29

The Japanese diet based on brown rice, miso soup, and vegetables that was popularized in Europe as promoting health in the 1920s is called​

A) ​microbiotics.
B) the raw food diet.
C) macrobiotics.
D) the yin-yang diet.
E) ritualistic cannibalism.

Question 30

What act defines dietary supplements as separate from food and drugs?​

A) ​DSHEA
B) USDA​
C) FDA​
D) Botanical Labeling Act​
E) American Herbal Products Association​

Question 31

The yin and yang system of dietary planning is dominant in what cultural group?​

A) ​Asian
B) American​
C) Hispanic​
D) Swedish​
E) African​

Question 32

In what type of medicine is the body aided to heal itself through non-invasive natural treatments?​

A) ​osteopathic
B) biomedical​
C) supernatural healing​
D) naturopathic​
E) magico-religious interventions​

Question 33

What type of medicine proposes that blood and lymph flow, as well as nerve function, improves through manipulation of the musculoskeletal system?​

A) ​chiropractic
B) acupuncture​
C) osteopathic​
D) homeopathy​
E) traditional Chinese medicine​

Question 34

The ancient Asian Indian system of healing is called​

A) ​biomedicine.
B) holistic therapy.
C) ayurvedic medicine.
D) traditional Chinese medicine.
E) magico-religious interventions.

Question 35

What type of medicine uses pulses associated with internal organs, each with its own characteristics?​

A) ​ayurvedic medicine
B) ​biomedicine
C) ​holistic medicine
D) ​traditional Chinese medicine
E) ​magico-religious medicine

Question 36

Approximately how much do Americans currently spend on complementary and alternative medicine annually?​

A) ​$11 billion
B) $40 billion​
C) $1 million​
D) $350 thousand​
E) ​$1 million

Question 37

Which cultural group is an example of one that believes a person's family should be involved in all health care decisions?​

A) ​Jews
B) Middle Easterners​
C) Americans​
D) Latin Americans​
E) Native Americans​

Question 38

Cultures use different therapies to cure illness.The practice of _____ is based on the tenant that "like cures like."​

A) ​folk healing
B) homeopathy​
C) ayurvedic medicine​
D) ​naturopathic medicine
E) ​chiropractic medicine

Question 39

Majority American values emphasize ________ and control over fate.

A) ​formality
B) ​individuality
C) hierarchy or status​
D) spiritualism​
E) idealism​

Question 40

In many non-U.S.cultures, being ________ is considered a protective factor that is indicative of health as well as an attribute of beauty.

A) ​thin
B) overweight​
C) physically fit​
D) wealthy​
E) American​

Question 41

Who is most likely to use complementary and alternative medicine in the U.S.?​

A) ​middle to-upper class women
B) young men​
C) the elderly​
D) the poor who can't afford health care​
E) executives​

Question 42

An envious gaze that is believed by many to project harm on another person is called​

A) ​a stare.
B) the evil eye.
C) a bewitching gaze.
D) a seizure.
E) the curse.

Question 43

What is the practice in which a spoon or coin is rubbed across the skin for healing or to relieve tension called?​

A) ​acupuncture
B) coining​
C) moxibustion​
D) massage​
E) cupping​

Question 44

Matching
a.Majority American value
b.Other cultural groups
Indirectness/ritual/"face"

Question 45

Sacred healers with exceptional powers among the Native American groups are called​

A) ​medicine men.
B) ​espiritos.
C) ​curanderas.
D) ​faith healers.
E) ​voodoo practioners.

Question 46

Healers in the American South who specialize in communicating with spirits or saints through ceremonial invocation and may also use herbal preparations are called​

A) ​witch doctors.
B) voodoo practitioners.
C) root doctors.
D) curadernos.
E) Shamans.

Question 47

Matching
a.Majority American value
b.Other cultural groups
Fate determines what happens

Question 48

Invoking supernatural forces, or ________, is a frequent social cause of sickness.

A) ​astrology
B) conjury​
C) disharmony​
D) bad air​
E) fate​

Question 49

To relieve yin (too much cold), a small, burning bundle of herbs is used to restore balance of energy.What is this procedure called?​

A) ​acupressure
B) coining​
C) moxibustion​
D) scratching​
E) massage​

Question 50

What is the term for addressing the experience of illness, alleviating the infirmities of the sick, and responding to the personal, familial, and social issues surrounding sickness?​

A) ​cure
B) holistic medicine​
C) treatment​
D) healing​
E) seeking care​

Question 51

The use of astrology for determining the health status of a person coincides with what belief about sickness?​

A) ​Sickness is due to the social world.
B) Sickness is due to the patient.
C) Sickness is due to the natural world.
D) Sickness is due to the supernatural world.
E) Sickness is due to spiritual fate.

Question 52

Matching
a.Majority American value
b.Other cultural groups
Materialism

Question 53

Matching
a.Majority American value
b.Other cultural groups
Time dominates

Question 54

During 2007-2008, the National Center for Health Statistics in the United States reported that the average daily energy intake for women was _______ kcalories (kcal).

A) ​2,504
B) 1,771​
C) 1,896​
D) 2,001​

Question 55

Matching
a.Majority American value
b.Other cultural groups
Informality

Question 56

More than 80 percent of the world's population uses ________ remedies to treat illness and optimize health.

A) ​traditional
B) Eastern​
C) Western​
D) magico-religious​
E) herbal​

Question 57

What term is used for the entire disease-illness process?​

A) ​sickness
B) disease​
C) illness​
D) deficiency​
E) weakness​

Question 58

What are three health habits that nearly all cultures identify as health preserving?​

A) ​exercise, family, and spirituality
B) alcohol consumption, preventative care, and dressing warmly​
C) rest, relaxation, and recreation​
D) a good diet, sufficient rest, and cleanliness​
E) a low-fat diet, rigorous exercise, and family time​

Question 59

Which of the following would be an example of sickness due to the patient?​

A) ​heart disease from eating fatty foods
B) getting struck by lightning​
C) sickness from a virus​
D) an influenza outbreak​
E) exposure to the evil eye​

Question 60

Wind or bad air is of particular concern in many cultural groups because it can enter the body through ________, causing illness.

A) ​the eyes
B) pores in the body​
C) ​food-borne contagions
D) ​an epidemic
E) ​supernatural forces

Question 61

Briefly discuss why worldview is especially evident in serious, life-and-death health care decisions.

Question 62

The biomedical model holds that there are three levels of possible causes of disease.List these levels and give an example of each.

Question 63

How might "cultural imposition" affect a new immigrant's interaction with the standard health care system in the United States?

Question 64

What are three examples of complementary, alternative, or unconventional healing therapies? What is done and what is the cultural explanation of why they are expected to work?

Question 65

What are three modes of effective care in the transcultural nursing theory?