Deck 4: Patterns of Family Relations

Question 1

How do most Canadians reckon kinship?

A)patrilineally
B)matrilineally
C)unilaterally
D)bilaterally

Answer 1

bilaterally

Question 2

Among which groups would you find the practice of brideservice and marriage,usually arranged by the parents?

A)Trobrianders
B)The traditional rural Chinese
C)The Ju/'hoansi
D)North Americans

Answer 2

The Ju/'hoansi

Question 3

Which kinship principle do North American legal systems most often give priority to in questions of child custody?

A)the patrilineal principle
B)the matrilineal principle
C)the bilateral principle
D)the patriarchal principle

Answer 3

the matrilineal principle

Question 4

Among the Trobrianders,what is the key family relationship?

A)the relationship between mother and father
B)the relationship between father and son
C)the relationship between brother and sister
D)the relationship between mother and daughter

Question 5

Suppose an anthropologist is studying families in a particular society.Besides knowing what is defined as a typical family in that society,what else would it be most helpful to know?

A)whose version of the family in the society is the correct one
B)what debates there are in that society about family composition
C)how many members there are in the typical family and what their roles are
D)how that family is represented in the media and on television dramas

Question 6

In which society do we find that people group together in a specific place to live,and that the group is often based around brother-and-sister pairs? They may live with their spouses and children,their spouses' family members,and even parents of the adults.

A)Trobriand
B)traditional rural Chinese
C)Ju/'hoansi
D)Yap

Question 7

In the Trobriand Islands,who collects "bridewealth"?

A)the bride's father and maternal uncle
B)the groom's father and maternal aunt
C)the groom's father and maternal uncle
D)the groom's father and paternal cousins

Question 8

What is NOT a common reason for why Ju/'hoansi parents prefer that their daughters marry when they are young?

A)It means that her husband will remain and work for the parents for a longer time.
B)The parents will gain more wealth from the gifts given by the groom's parents.
C)Conflict between men over their daughter will be reduced.
D)They will gain an immediate alliance with another family for mutual support.

Question 9

What is a "baloma"?

A)a vengeful ancestor spirit that punishes social transgressors
B)a spirit child that will eventually enter the womb of a woman of the same matrilineage
C)a spirit that brings good luck to Trobriand hunters
D)a spirit that represents the dead who did not receive a proper burial

Question 10

Why do Trobriand Islanders minimize or deny the role of men in conception?

A)Trobriand men do not want the responsibility for raising a specific child,as all men should contribute to raising all children.
B)It reinforces the matrilineal principle that exists in Trobriand society.
C)Trobriand Islanders do not understand the scientific basis of conception.
D)Conception is attributed solely to the agency of the baloma spirit.

Question 11

To the Trobrianders,which is considered a more intimate activity for husbands and wives than having sex?

A)exchanging banana leave bundles
B)sharing food
C)living together
D)working together

Question 12

What cycle must be completed successfully to ensure the stability of a marriage and a matrilineage in Trobriand society?

A)the cycle of exchanges of yams and banana leaf bundles
B)the cycle of exchanges of potatoes and meat
C)the cycle of exchanges of work and dowry
D)the cycle of exchanges of fertility and children

Question 13

In rural Chinese society,what is the most important relationship in the family?

A)the relationship between father and son
B)the relationship between husband and wife
C)the relationship between sister and brother
D)the relationship between mother and daughter

Question 14

Immediate after marriage a man goes to live with his wife and works for his wife's parents for a period of time.What is the name of this custom?

A)exogamy
B)groomservice
C)endogamy
D)brideservice

Question 15

What does "temporal depth" in rural Chinese society refer to?

A)the long line of patrilineal ancestors in a family
B)the long line of matrilineal ancestors in a family
C)the long line of bilateral ancestors in a family
D)the long line of unilateral ancestors in a family

Question 16

Ideally,what is the family village composition of the Trobriand Islanders?

A)a matrilineage
B)a patrilineage
C)a nuclear family
D)a bilateral arrangement

Question 17

For North Americans,what still remains most important family grouping?

A)the nuclear family
B)the matrilineal family
C)the extended family
D)the patrilineal family

Question 18

In traditional rural China,what did family life centre around?

A)the matrilineal extended family
B)the patrilineal extended family
C)the patrilineal nuclear family
D)the matrilineal nuclear family

Question 19

Which of these would be most typical of an anthropologist describing a culture in the ethnographic present?

A)an anthropologist explaining the history of a kinship ritual from the past to the present
B)an anthropologist discussing the daily life of a hunter and gatherer society as if they were happening now,but drawn from research material from several decades ago
C)an anthropologist describing the cultural practices of a particular society within the last year
D)an anthropologist describing the cultural practices of a particular society that occurred no more than ten years ago

Question 20

What is bilateral kinship likely to tell us about a society's views on descent?

A)that society will prioritize descent for the mother's side of the family
B)that society will relate children to others through their father
C)that society may not distinguish between the children of aunts and uncles
D)that society will base descent on actual genetic or scientific evidence rather than tradition

Question 21

After marriage,how do sexuality and beauty change for a Trobriand couple?

A)She becomes even more concerned with her own sexuality and beauty and he focuses on the accumulation of yams.
B)She is less concerned with her own sexuality and beauty,and he continues to be very concerned with maintaining sexual attractiveness.
C)Neither of them is concerned with sexuality or beauty,as the emphasis shifts to the pressures of raising children,and obtaining large quantities of yams and banana leaf bundles.
D)Both become more concerned with sexuality and beauty,as the women must seek out a secret lover within her own matrilineage,and he must enhance his physical attractiveness as he ages in order to attract more wives.

Question 22

What is the greatest threat to family stability among the Ju/'hoansi?

A)conflict between siblings
B)conflict between husband and wife over food
C)conflict between husband and wife over infidelity
D)conflict between a married couple and the wife's father

Question 23

What must a woman possess in rural China to be a marriageable bride,that a Trobriand woman or a Ju/'hoansi woman would not need?

A)a wedding gown
B)jewellery
C)a spirit child
D)virginity

Question 24

Why did the anthropological study of family relations change significantly in the 1970s and 1980s?

A)because of an awareness of anthropologists' own underlying Eurocentric assumptions
B)because the family is no longer considered a universal social institution
C)because anthropologists must now incorporate an understanding of the high divorce rate
D)because colonialism no longer has as much effect on family relations as in the past

Question 25

When a couple marries in Ju/'hoansi society,the groom is expected to move to the bride's parents' camp and work for her parents for a number of years.

Question 26

Which of the following terms refers to the situation where a woman has more than one husband?

A)polygamy
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)polymorphy

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a one of the factors that led anthropologists to re-evaluate their underlying assumptions about how different societies establish connections among family members?

A)a concern that anthropologists were projecting their own Eurocentric beliefs onto family structures
B)a concern that anthropologists were incorporating an ethnocentric evolutionism to societies
C)a concern that anthropologists were neglecting other factors that might be more important than blood in creating kinship
D)a concern that anthropologists were not considering the effect of inheritance on family structure

Question 28

A society that emphasizes a person's ties to their father has a patrilineal kinship system.

Question 29

Margaret Mead believed that anthropologists could learn a lot about culture from watching television shows.

Question 30

Bilateral descent is different from patrilineal descent because with bilateral descent one's family is defined through the mother,not the father.

Question 31

What is the most serious threat to a Trobriand matrilineage?

A)conversion to Christianity
B)the death of a member
C)infidelity of a married Trobriander
D)a lack of a male heir

Question 32

When societies reckon kinship matrilineally or patrilineally,an individual's relationship to one side of the family is totally ignored.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a correct component of a rural Chinese dowry?

A)a house
B)clothing
C)a leather chest
D)cosmetics

Question 34

The baloma is a vengeful spirit of the dead among the Trobriand Islanders,who is typically angry that he/she did not receive a proper burial.

Question 35

What is partible inheritance?

A)a form of inheritance in which property is passed undivided to one heir
B)a form of inheritance in which property is divided in two portions and given to the widow and the oldest son
C)a form of inheritance in which property is divided among all offspring
D)a form of inheritance in which all property is given back to the matrilineage

Question 36

Both Ju/'hoansi and Trobriander fathers are not considered members of the same family as their children.

Question 37

In rural Chinese society,when does a wife acquire full status in her husband's family?

A)when she marries
B)after the second harvest season
C)when her mother-in-law dies
D)when she has a male child

Question 38

Which statement most reflects the idea of heteronormativity?

A)The practice of marriage is conditioned somewhat by wealth and race.
B)It is perfectly normal for people to marry no matter whether they are homosexual or heterosexual.
C)The one universal fact about humans is that people of all classes and races equally value marriage.
D)Kinship is the normative system of affinities and blood relations.

Question 39

Anthropologists refer to the ethnographic present to alert readers that they are describing cultural activities that occurred only within the past few years,and not a long time ago.

Question 40

Anthropologists consider kinship to be less meaningful in large-scale societies than in small-scale societies.

Question 41

The major problem in AIDS prevention is to figure out how to persuade people who are sexually active to protect themselves and their sex partners.

Question 42

The custom of bridewealth obligates a man to go work for the wife's family.

Question 43

In Ju/'hoansi society access to sexual encounters with women sometimes leads to male violence.

Question 44

In North American society people are free to marry anyone without prohibition.

Question 45

Among the Ju/'hoansi,typically less than one-quarter of the marriages fail.

Question 46

For the Kaliai people of New Guinea,food is more important than blood in creating kinship.

Question 47

The traditional marriage in rural China is often a matter of a man and a woman choosing each other as marriage partners.

Question 48

Among the Trobrianders,the dynamics of families are built on the need of individuals to avoid permanent ties and obligations and to maintain their independence.

Question 49

Trobriand Islanders start seeking sexual partners between the ages of 11 and 13.

Question 50

A couple's ability to keep yams and banana leaf bundles in Trobriand society operates like creditworthiness or reputation in North American society.

Question 51

Among the Ju/'hoansi,it is not uncommon for men to contribute only a quarter of the food consumed by the camp.