Deck 7: Evaluation of Gait

Question 1

An athlete presents to the athletic training room with hip pain.During your evaluation,you notice that the athlete has a positive Trendelenburg test on the right side.What compensatory gait pattern would you expect to see if the athlete was placed on the treadmill?

A) The left hip would drop during the right stance phase.
B) The right hip would drop during the right stance phase.
C) The left hip would drop during the left stance phase.
D) The right hip would drop during the left stance phase.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the point inside or outside the body where all things are equally balanced?

A) Moment of inertia
B) Kinetic
C) Center of gravity
D) Kinematic

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What observational gait analysis finding is often made when an athlete has a hamstring strain or tight hamstrings?

A) Flat foot at initial contact
B) Inadequate knee flexion during stance
C) Excessive knee flexion at initial contact
D) Inadequate hip extension at terminal stance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is defined as the linear distance covered by a step?

A) Gait
B) Step length
C) Stride
D) Step width

Question 5

What is being described when one says a person walks 50 steps per minute?

A) Stride time
B) Gait velocity
C) Stride length
D) Cadence

Question 6

What term represents the distance covered per unit time,such as 1 meter per second?

A) Stride time
B) Gait velocity
C) Stride length
D) Cadence

Question 7

What is considered the functional unit of gait?

A) Cadence
B) Step length
C) Stride
D) Step width

Question 8

Which of the following changes will occur if a true leg length discrepancy is present?

A) Pronation on the short leg
B) Pronation on the long leg
C) Supination on the long leg
D) Pes Planus on the short leg

Question 9

Which period of the stance phase begins as the body weight moves directly over the support limb and stationary foot,and concludes when the center of gravity is directly over the foot?

A) Loading response
B) Preswing
C) Midstance
D) Terminal stance

Question 10

Which phase of gait is the longest?

A) Stance
B) Swing
C) Toe-off
D) Heel strike

Question 11

What action happens to the tibia during the loading response of the stance phase of gait in the weight-bearing limb?

A) Internal rotation
B) External rotation
C) Anterior translation
D) Posterior translation

Question 12

Approximately what percentage of the total gait cycle represents the double support time?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 13

What is the position of the knee in the weight-bearing limb when the other limb is in the terminal swing phase of gait?

A) 0°; tibia externally rotates
B) 30° to 70° flexion; tibia internally rotates
C) 30° to 0° flexion; tibia externally rotates
D) 0°; tibia internally rotates

Question 14

What is defined as the amount of force needed to overcome a body's or body part's present state of rotatory motion?

A) Moment of inertia
B) Kinetic
C) Center of gravity
D) Kinematic

Question 15

Which of the following terms represents the characteristics of movement related to time and space?

A) Moment of inertia
B) Kinetic
C) Center of gravity
D) Kinematics

Question 16

What effect would a decreased ability to dorsiflex have on the terminal stance phase of the gait cycle in the weight-bearing limb?

A) Decreased heel rise
B) Premature heel rise
C) Increased ability to toe-off
D) Decreased ability to supinate

Question 17

What happens to the amount of time spent in the stance phase of gait during a running gait?

A) The amount of time increases.
B) The amount of time decreases.
C) There is no change from a walking gait to a running gait.
D) The stance phase disappears during a running gait.

Question 18

What is the position of the subtalar joint at heel strike?

A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) 45° of plantar flexion
D) 15° of dorsiflexion

Question 19

The knee is flexed 30° to 60° in the swing phase during walking.By how much can the knee flex in fast running speeds?

A) More than 100°
B) More than 90°
C) More than 80°
D) More than 70°

Question 20

If an athlete had decreased strength in the quadriceps muscle due to anterior cruciate ligament repair,which of the following problems may be present during the stance phase of gait?

A) Inability to flex the knee (concentric action)
B) Inability to control flexion of the knee (eccentric action)
C) Inability to extend the knee (concentric action)
D) Inability to control extension of the knee (eccentric action)

Question 21

During the gait cycle,insufficient ankle plantar flexion at push-off is noted as a weak push-off and may be caused by all of the following except

A) triceps surae atrophy.
B) acute ankle sprain.
C) peroneal nerve pathology.
D) forefoot pathology.

Question 22

During the gait cycle,a plantar-flexed position (initial contact on the ball of the foot)at initial contact can indicate all of the following except

A) quadriceps pathology.
B) gastrocnemius spasticity.
C) drop foot.
D) hamstring pathology.

Question 23

During which period of the stance phase of gait should one demonstrate the greatest hip flexion angle?

A) Initial contact
B) Midstance
C) Terminal stance
D) Preswing

Question 24

The swing phase of the gait cycle consists of how many distinct periods?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 25

During the swing phase of gait,what compensation is associated with a hamstring strain?

A) Impaired ability to decelerate leg during the terminal swing
B) Decreased knee flexion during midswing
C) Decreased hip flexion during initial swing
D) Toeing out during initial swing

Question 26

What compensation is typically associated with decreased dorsiflexion during the terminal stance?

A) Premature heel raise
B) Prolonged midtarsal pronation
C) Increased subtalar pronation
D) Forefoot abduction

Question 27

During the swing phase of gait,which of the following muscles is (are)more active?

A) Gluteus maximus
B) Ankle plantar flexors
C) Gluteus medius
D) Ankle dorsiflexors

Question 28

What is the approximate rise and fall of a person's center of gravity when walking?

A) 2 cm
B) 5 cm
C) 8 cm
D) 10 cm

Question 29

During midstance,terminal stance,and preswing,the ankle dorsiflexes to a maximum of how many degrees as the lower leg traverses anteriorly over the contact foot and as the body weight is transferred to the opposite limb?

A) 20°
B) 15°
C) 10°
D) 5°

Question 30

Which abnormal gait is typically the result of weakness or paralysis of the ankle dorsiflexors?

A) Steppage
B) Trendelenburg
C) Short leg
D) Calcaneal

Question 31

When conducting a quantitative gait analysis,which method is not appropriate for measuring angular kinematics?

A) Electrogoniometry
B) Accelerometry
C) Optoelectronic
D) Electromyography

Question 32

Which period of the stance phase represents the transitional period of double support during which the limb is rapidly unloaded from the ground?

A) Loading response
B) Preswing
C) Midstance
D) Terminal stance

Question 33

At initial contact,approximately how many degrees is the hip flexed during the running gait cycle?

A) 20°
B) 30°
C) 40°
D) 50°

Question 34

According to the evidence,which of the following has not been tied to increased magnitude of vertical ground reaction force?

A) Uphill running
B) Increased walking speed
C) Aging
D) Harder contact surface

Question 35

During the stance phase of gait,what critical event is associated with the period of midstance?

A) Heel off
B) Heel strike
C) Flat foot
D) Single-limb support

Question 36

What type of muscle activity best describes the iliopsoas during terminal stance?

A) Concentric
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) Inactive