Deck 2: Biology and Behavior

Question 1

Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn't move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke. He wanted to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. Which of the following was used on Conan's mother?

A)MRI
B)CT scan
C)EEG
D)fMRI

Answer 1

CT scan

Question 2

_____ are specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system.

A)Gametes
B)Neurons
C)Dendrites
D)Axons

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

Dr. Solomon wants to identify the precise neuronal origin of her patient's epileptic seizures. She will be using a (an)_____ to determine this.

A)iEEG
B)fMRI
C)iPET
D)EEG

Answer 3

iEEG

Question 4

The CT scan would be a good choice to look for which of the following?

A)a tumor in the brain
B)abnormal brain activity
C)a sleep disorder
D)individual neuron bundles

Question 5

The _____ is a diagnostic scanning technique that produces high-resolution images of the structures of the brain.

A)MRI
B)EEG
C)PET
D)X-ray

Question 6

EEG stands for _____

A)Electrical Encoded Graph.
B)encoded encephalogram.
C)electroencephalogram.
D)electro energy gram.

Question 7

Which of the following imaging techniques would be best for studying the activity of one single neuron?

A)CT scan
B)PET scan
C)microelectrodes
D)magnetoencephalography

Question 8

The iEEG, intracranial electroencephalogram would be most appropriate for studying _____

A)brain waves during sleep.
B)abnormalities in brain structure.
C)glucose and oxygen uptake in the brain.
D)the activity of a single neuron.

Question 9

RaeAnn is a researcher who studies the effects of drug use in humans. She wants to understand the action of particular drugs on the brain. Which of the following imaging techniques will allow her to engage in this type of research?

A)CT scan
B)MRI
C)PET
D)DTI

Question 10

Diffusion tensor imaging would be the best choice to examine _____

A)individual neuron bundles.
B)a tumor in the brain.
C)a sleep disorder.
D)glucose uptake in the brain.

Question 11

Which of the following uses X-rays to detect various abnormalities of the brain including injury sites, tumors, and evidence of recent strokes?

A)intracranial EEG
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)computerized axial tomography
D)electroencephalogram

Question 12

Dr. Solomon wants a record of the electrical activity in her patient's brain during an epileptic seizure. She would schedule the patient for a _____ appointment.

A)magnetic resonance imaging
B)electroencephalograph
C)positron-emission tomography
D)microelectrode testing

Question 13

The _____ can monitor the activity of a single neuron, or _____ activity within it.

A)microelectrode; stimulate
B)EEG; inhibit
C)microwire; stimulate
D)PET scan; stop

Question 14

Eight-year-old Daria was having some disturbances in her sleep, so her parents took her to a Children's Hospital to undergo various tests. She recalls sleeping in the hospital room with a bunch of wires stuck to her scalp. What technique was used in Daria's sleep study?

A)EEG
B)MEG
C)PET
D)SPECT

Question 15

Lucinda needs to find the location of her patient's tumor, but she does not want to expose the patient to X-rays. Which of the following imaging technologies would be best suited for this task?

A)a microelectrode
B)a CT scan
C)a MRI
D)an EEG

Question 16

The _____ maps patterns of blood flow, oxygen use, and glucose consumption in the brain.

A)CT scan, computer axial tomography
B)MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
C)EEG, electroencephalogram
D)PET scan, positron-emission tomography

Question 17

When wanting a record of electrical activity in the brain in the form of brain waves, a (an)_____ machine would be used.

A)electroencephalogram
B)microelectrode
C)computerized X-ray
D)electrowave spectral imager

Question 18

_____ is a brain-scanning technique that uses a rotating, computerized X-ray tube to produce cross-sectional images of the structures of the brain.

A)Positron-emission tomography
B)Computerized axial tomography
C)Functional magnetic resonance imaging
D)Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 19

A record of brain-wave activity is called a (an)_____

A)PET scan.
B)CAT scan.
C)EMG.
D)EEG.

Question 20

The body of the cell that carries out the life-sustaining functions of the neuron and contains its nucleus is called the _____

A)soma.
B)dendrite.
C)axon.
D)bud.

Question 21

Nodes of _____ are gaps in the _____ that coat some axons.

A)myelin; glia
B)Ranvier; myelin
C)membrane; sheath
D)axons; synaptic fluid

Question 22

The part of a neuron that extends, tail-like, from the soma, and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse is the _____

A)dendrite.
B)glial cell.
C)axon.
D)terminal bud.

Question 23

The most important factor in speeding action potential on its way is the fatty, white coating wrapped around most axons. This is called the _____

A)node of Ranvier.
B)myelin sheath.
C)synaptic fluid.
D)sclerotic coating.

Question 24

When a neuron is at rest, it carries a _____ electrical potential (charge).

A)slightly positive
B)slightly negative
C)neutral
D)massively negative

Question 25

Immediately after firing, a neuron cannot fire for 1 to 2 milliseconds. This is called the _____ period.

A)discharged
B)resting
C)refractory
D)potential

Question 26

The myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier are important because they _____

A)protect the neuron.
B)speed neural impulses.
C)create action potential.
D)prevent refractory periods.

Question 27

A presynaptic neuron is the one that is _____ a signal to another neuron.

A)receiving
B)sending
C)coding
D)inhibiting

Question 28

If the dendrites of a neuron were not able to perform their function, _____

A)the myelin would shrink.
B)no signals would be transmitted from the neuron.
C)no signals would be received from the neuron.
D)some neural signals would still be received by the neuron.

Question 29

The sudden reversal of a neuron's resting potential is called a(n)_____ potential and initiates the _____ of a neuron.

A)firing; action
B)signaling; firing
C)action; firing
D)positive; discharge

Question 30

Examining the end of an axon, we would see that _____

A)it has many branches, each of which ends in an axon terminal.
B)it has only one terminal.
C)it touches a dendrite or soma of another neuron.
D)it terminates in a myelin sheath.

Question 31

The tiny gap between an axon's terminals and the dendrites or soma of another neuron is called the _____

A)node of Ranvier.
B)myelin gap.
C)synaptic cleft.
D)neural space.

Question 32

_____ receive messages from other neurons and _____ send messages to other neurons.

A)Axons; dendrites
B)Axons; soma
C)Soma; glial cells
D)Dendrites; axons

Question 33

When a neuron carries the electrical potential of _____ millivolts, it is in the state called _____

A)-70; resting potential.
B)+50; refractory period.
C)-50; resting potential.
D)-30; refractory period.

Question 34

The function of the neuron's axon is to _____

A)carry messages to other cells.
B)regulate the neuron's life processes.
C)receive messages from neighboring neurons.
D)insulate against leakage of electrical impulses.

Question 35

A neuron has received a signal, causing ion channels to open in the cell membrane, letting positively charged ions flow in. This has caused the membrane potential to change suddenly from -70 to +50 millivolts. This will cause a (an)_____ to occur.

A)resting state
B)action potential
C)negative charge
D)positive charge

Question 36

If the axon of a neuron were not able to perform its function, _____

A)the neuron would receive no signals.
B)the neuron would send no signals.
C)the neuron would not reproduce.
D)the neuron signals would become erratic.

Question 37

Looking like leafless branches of a tree, the _____ are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons, although the _____ also receives signals directly.

A)axon; dendrites
B)dendrites; soma
C)soma; dendrites
D)dendrites; axon

Question 38

The strength of the brain's response to a weak or strong stimulus is a result of _____

A)how many and how fast neurons fire.
B)the all or none rule.
C)how many millivolts the neuron has.
D)whether action potential occurs.

Question 39

Multiple sclerosis results in loss of coordination, jerky movement, muscular weakness, and speech disturbance through the deterioration of _____

A)axons.
B)neurons.
C)myelin.
D)neural membranes.

Question 40

Tony suffers from a disease in which myelin is progressively lost. Tony's axons will increasingly lack _____

A)neurotransmitters.
B)signals.
C)insulation.
D)fluid.

Question 41

Reuptake refers to the process by which neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft are _____

A)sent back into receptors again.
B)moved back into their axon terminal.
C)broken apart.
D)absorbed by the receiving neuron.

Question 42

Neurotransmitters have distinct molecular shapes; so do the _____ they bind to.

A)myelin sheaths
B)presynaptic neurons
C)vesicles
D)receptors

Question 43

Researchers have identified about _____ substances that are made in our body and brain that act as neurotransmitters.

A)10
B)1,000
C)100
D)20

Question 44

When a(n)_____ arrives at the axon terminal, it causes the release of neurotransmitters.

A)precursor
B)receptor
C)action potential
D)node of Ranvier

Question 45

Running to class, _____ is causing muscle fibers in your leg to contract so you can move, and it will stimulate the neurons you need for learning new information.

A)serotonin
B)dopamine
C)endorphin
D)acetylcholine

Question 46

Whether a neuron fires or not depends on _____

A)whether it is an excitatory neuron.
B)the sum of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters it receives.
C)what type of neurotransmitter the neuron makes.
D)whether the neuron is myelinated or not.

Question 47

Each neuron may have synapses with _____ other neurons.

A)two or three
B)thousands of
C)up to ten
D)no more than 100

Question 48

You have a great deal of conscious control over the nerves of the _____ nervous system, but not over the nerves of the _____ nervous system.

A)somatic; autonomic.
B)autonomic; somatic.
C)peripheral; autonomic.
D)central nervous system; peripheral nervous system.

Question 49

You just accomplished a goal and rewarded yourself with a delicious treat. The pleasant feelings that result from these behaviors are made possible by the release of _____

A)acetylcholine.
B)GABA.
C)dopamine.
D)epinephrine.

Question 50

Justin is walking down the street and a car backfires. He drops to the ground, sure it is a drive-by shooting. Justin's _____ nervous system just kicked into high gear.

A)somatic
B)parasympathetic
C)sympathetic
D)peripheral

Question 51

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the _____ and the _____

A)somatic; peripheral.
B)sympathetic; parasympathetic.
C)central; peripheral.
D)brain; spinal cord.

Question 52

A chemical found in the sacs within an axon terminal which, when released, has an effect on a nearby neuron is called a _____

A)glial cell.
B)neurotransmitter.
C)precursor cell.
D)synapse.

Question 53

Which of the following are tiny sacs in the axon terminal that hold chemicals that are released into the synapse?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)synaptic nodes
C)terminal buttons
D)synaptic gaps

Question 54

Sensory and motor nerves are part of the _____ nervous system.

A)somatic
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Question 55

Malcolm is studying alone in his room when he hears a loud noise downstairs. His heart rate and respiration speed up. He wonders if a burglar has entered the house. When he looks downstairs, he sees that his cat just knocked over a plant. He begins to relax and his heart rate and breathing slow down. Which part of his nervous system is working to return him to a normal state?

A)spinal cord
B)somatic nervous system
C)parasympathetic nervous system
D)central nervous system

Question 56

Excitatory neurotransmitters influence the receiving neuron to _____, while inhibitory neurotransmitters influence the receiving neuron to _____

A)fire; not fire.
B)not fire; fire.
C)move; not move.
D)not move; move.

Question 57

All of the nerves outside your spinal cord and brain make up the _____

A)central nervous system.
B)sympathetic nervous system.
C)sensory nervous system.
D)peripheral nervous system.

Question 58

You just took a tumble and your arm really hurts. You are wishing your brain would release a lot of _____ to help relieve the pain.

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)endorphins

Question 59

Mekala's sympathetic nervous system has been activated. Which of the following is true?

A)Her digestion sped up.
B)Her pupils dilated.
C)Her heart rate slowed down.
D)The blood flow to her internal organs increased.

Question 60

Jerry is having difficulty with the motor nerves in his leg. His problem is in the _____ nervous system.

A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)central
D)muscle

Question 61

Why do many reflexes, such as pulling your hand away from a hot iron, happen so quickly?

A)They involve the neurotransmitter GABA rather than dopamine.
B)The message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain.
C)The speed of processing is faster in the frontal lobes than in the occipital lobes.
D)The path that reflexes follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters.

Question 62

The long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain and is responsible for fast, life-saving reflexes is called the _____

A)spinal cord.
B)brain.
C)reflex arc.
D)interneuron.

Question 63

The cerebral cortex contains three types of areas. These are the _____, _____, and _____ areas.

A)sensory, motor, association
B)cerebrum, cerebellum, callosum
C)emotion, thinking, language
D)organ, skin, muscle

Question 64

The central nervous system consists of the _____

A)parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
B)brain and spinal cord.
C)muscles and glands.
D)sense organs and sensory neurons.

Question 65

The right and left halves of the cerebrum are called the _____

A)cerebral hemispheres.
B)corpus callosi.
C)cerebral halves.
D)cerebral lobes.

Question 66

Memories, thought, perception and language are housed in the _____ area of the cerebrum.

A)sensory
B)limbic
C)association
D)dopaminergic

Question 67

Michael notices that every time he gets what he calls an "adrenalin rush," his heart rate and pulse quicken and he feels a surge of energy. He also notices that lately it takes his body longer than normal to return to feeling calm and normal. What might explain Michael's delay in coming down from his "adrenalin rush"?

A)His sympathetic nervous system might be too slow.
B)Michael's parasympathetic nervous system may not be activating as quickly as usual.
C)Michael's somatic nervous system might be interfering.
D)Michael's parasympathetic nervous system may be overly active.

Question 68

Gray matter gets its color from _____ whereas white matter gets its color from _____

A)cell bodies; dendrites.
B)myelinated axons; dendrites.
C)cell bodies; myelinated axons.
D)synaptic clefts; neurotransmitters.

Question 69

Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure and other functions vital to maintain life are controlled by the _____

A)hindbrain.
B)cerebellum.
C)midbrain.
D)limbic system.

Question 70

Rolandito touched a hot radiator and instantly pulled his hand away. The neurons responsible for this protective reflex are the _____

A)brain, spinal cord, and interneurons.
B)sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons.
C)somatic, autonomic, and parasympathetic neurons.
D)automatic, reflexive, and sympathetic neurons.

Question 71

The right and left halves of Shawna's cerebrum can no longer communicate with each other because her _____ was destroyed.

A)thalamus
B)cortex
C)corpus callosum
D)corpus cerebrum

Question 72

Which of the following brain structures is involved in regulating hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior?

A)pons
B)thalamus
C)amygdala
D)hypothalamus

Question 73

Without the _____ in your midbrain, you could not ride a bike without giving each movement conscious thought.

A)substantia nigra
B)thalamus
C)limbic system
D)pons

Question 74

Hunter was in a car accident and sustained damage to his cerebellum from a whiplash injury. Which problem would he be most likely to experience after the accident?

A)trouble speaking
B)being in a coma
C)breathing and heart problems
D)problems coordinating his movements

Question 75

The _____ is the part of the brain where cognitive and voluntary motor functions are controlled.

A)hindbrain
B)midbrain
C)limbic system
D)forebrain

Question 76

Tanae was drowsy, but when she heard her child call out, she felt immediately wide awake and alert. A part of her brain that plays a crucial role in her arousal level and attention is the _____

A)medulla.
B)pons.
C)cerebellum.
D)reticular formation.

Question 77

The area of the brain primarily responsible for higher mental processes such as thinking and language is the cerebral _____

A)callosum.
B)cortex.
C)cerebellum.
D)white matter.

Question 78

Tram's hippocampus was damaged by encephalitis. Which of the following would be true?

A)Tram would not be able to remember anything.
B)Tram would become angry and aggressive.
C)Tram would have difficulty forming new memories.
D)Tram would have difficulty with her vision.

Question 79

Tasha's sympathetic nervous system is not working. Which of the following would be a likely result?

A)Tasha is experiencing an excess of flight or fight response.
B)Tasha's digestion will be constantly slowed down.
C)Tasha's heart will not speed up when she is in an emergency situation.
D)Tasha will develop health problems from chronic stress.

Question 80

The _____ is heavily involved in the learning of fear responses.

A)hypothalamus
B)amygdala
C)thalamus
D)pons