Deck 46: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Which of the following is not a division of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)?

A) Isthmus
B) Fundus
C) Ampulla
D) Infundibulum

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The division of the uterine tube that has an outer margin that resembles a fringe is called the:

A) isthmus.
B) ampulla.
C) infundibulum.
D) oviduct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The funnel-shaped, open-ended portion of the oviduct is called the:

A) isthmus.
B) ampulla.
C) infundibulum.
D) fimbriae.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Each of the following structures is a part of the vulva except the:

A) mons pubis.
B) labia majora.
C) perineum.
D) clitoris.

Question 5

The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the:

A) uterine tubes.
B) oviducts.
C) fallopian tubes.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

The layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the:

A) endometrium.
B) myometrium.
C) parietal peritoneum.
D) visceral peritoneum.

Question 7

The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the:

A) corpus hemorrhagicum.
B) corpus luteum.
C) corpus albicans.
D) mature follicle.

Question 8

The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are _____ ligaments.

A) round
B) uterosacral
C) anterior and posterior
D) broad

Question 9

Which of the following is not true concerning the uterus?

A) It produces estrogen.
B) It sloughs compact and spongy layers of lining tissue.
C) It is the site for embryo implantation.
D) Uterine muscle contraction expels the infant.

Question 10

The process of egg formation is called:

A) ovulation.
B) oogenesis.
C) fertilization.
D) germination.

Question 11

Fertilization of an ovum most often occurs in the:

A) ovary.
B) fallopian tube.
C) uterus.
D) vagina.

Question 12

The layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the:

A) parietal peritoneum.
B) myometrium.
C) endometrium.
D) symphysis pubis.

Question 13

The region between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called the:

A) mons pubic.
B) labia majora.
C) labia minora.
D) perineum.

Question 14

The fundus of the uterus is the:

A) lower, narrow section.
B) area above where the tubes enter.
C) central portion.
D) opening into the uterus.

Question 15

Which of the following structures is not classified as internal genitals of the female reproductive system?

A) Ovaries
B) Uterine tubes
C) Vagina
D) Vulva

Question 16

The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening.

A) posterior
B) anterior
C) medial
D) lateral

Question 17

The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands.

A) Bartholin
B) Cowper
C) Skene
D) Huntington

Question 18

Which of the following is not an accessory sex organ of the female reproductive system?

A) Ovary
B) Vagina
C) Fallopian tube
D) Mammary glands

Question 19

Salpingitis is inflammation of the:

A) ovaries.
B) fallopian tubes.
C) uterus.
D) vagina.

Question 20

Which of the following uterine ligaments form a deep pouch known as the posterior cul-de-sac of Douglas?

A) Broad
B) Uterosacral
C) Posterior
D) Anterior

Question 21

Which of the following is not a synonym for the premenstrual phase?

A) Postovulatory phase
B) Luteal phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Estrogen phase

Question 22

The hormone that causes the alveoli of the mammary glands to secrete milk is:

A) estrogen.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) estrogen.

Question 23

The female reproductive system differs from the male reproductive system in that it:

A) produces gametes.
B) provides protection for the developing offspring.
C) provides nutrition to the developing offspring.
D) does both B and C.

Question 24

Which of the following is not part of the primary egg follicle?

A) Germinal epithelium
B) Oocyte
C) Follicular cells
D) All of the above are part of the primary egg follicle.

Question 25

What is the name of the so-called ovulating hormone?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 26

The postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle is also called:

A) menses.
B) the follicular phase.
C) the preovulatory phase.
D) the luteal phase.

Question 27

Which of the following organs is not considered part of the "duct system" of the female reproductive system?

A) Vagina
B) Uterine tubes
C) Uterus
D) All of the above are considered part of the "duct system."

Question 28

Which of the following does not contribute to the increase in the thickness of the endometrium during the endometrial cycle?

A) Growth of the endometrium
B) Fluid retention in the endometrium
C) Endometrial gland growth
D) All of the above contribute to the increase in the thickness of the endometrium during the endometrial cycle.

Question 29

Shortly before menstruation:

A) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease.
B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase.
C) blood levels of FSH stabilize.
D) the corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

Question 30

A high blood concentration of estrogens:

A) stimulates endometrial glands to secrete.
B) stimulates epithelial cells of the endometrium to proliferate.
C) stimulates FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary.
D) causes development of the corpus luteum.

Question 31

The average age at which menopause occurs is _____ years.

A) 40
B) 60 to 65
C) 45 to 50
D) 55

Question 32

Which of the following hormones causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant?

A) Progesterone
B) Oxytocin
C) Prolactin
D) Estrogen

Question 33

The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs between the expulsion of the ovum from the ovary and the onset of menses is the _____ phase.

A) proliferative
B) follicular
C) luteal
D) estrogenic

Question 34

Which of the following is not true of the vagina?

A) It can act as a receptacle for seminal fluid from the male.
B) It serves as the lower part of the birth canal.
C) It is a passageway for urine.
D) It acts as an excretory duct for uterine secretions.

Question 35

During a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation would be most likely to occur on day _____ of the cycle.

A) 3
B) 8
C) 14
D) 21

Question 36

The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is the same as the:

A) ovulatory phase.
B) menstrual period.
C) postmenstrual phase.
D) postovulatory phase.

Question 37

The increase in blood estrogens during the postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle produces all of the following changes in the uterus except:

A) growth of both the endometrial glands and the spiral arteries of the endometrium.
B) decreased myometrial contractions.
C) proliferation of endometrial cells producing a thickening of the endometrium.
D) All of the above occur because of the increase in estrogen.

Question 38

The hormone that causes the follicle to rupture and the egg to be expelled is:

A) luteinizing hormone (LH).
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
C) estrogen.
D) progesterone.

Question 39

During the postovulatory phase of the cycle, the greatest percentage of progesterone is produced by the:

A) corpus albicans.
B) corpus luteum.
C) primary graafian follicle.
D) uterus.

Question 40

The part of the vulva that is composed of erectile tissue and is located just behind the junction of the labia minora is called the:

A) mons pubis.
B) clitoris.
C) urinary meatus.
D) labia majora.

Question 41

Which of the following ligaments does not assist in holding the ovaries in place?

A) Broad
B) Mesovarian
C) Ovarian
D) Round

Question 42

Which of the following is not true of the ovaries?

A) They are located on either side of the uterus.
B) They are attached to the mesovarial ligament.
C) They are attached to the uterine ducts.
D) All of the above statements are true of the ovaries.

Question 43

The medulla of the ovary contains:

A) theca cells
B) granulosa cells
C) blood vessels and lymphatics
D) both A and B.

Question 44

Which of the following structures is not in the urogenital triangle of the perineum?

A) Anus
B) Labia
C) Vaginal orifice
D) Urinary opening

Question 45

Which of the following structures is not involved with the development of the ova in the ovary?

A) Corpus albicans
B) Follicular cells
C) Zona pellucida
D) All of the above structures are involved in the development of the egg cell.

Question 46

Which of the following is not a layer of the endometrium of the uterus?

A) Stratum myometrium
B) Stratum compactum
C) Stratum spongiosum
D) Stratum basale

Question 47

The inner most layer of the wall of the uterus is the stratum:

A) myometrium.
B) compactum.
C) spongiosum.
D) basale.

Question 48

Which part of the uterus opens into the vagina?

A) Fundus
B) Cervical canal
C) External os
D) Internal os

Question 49

Which of the following is not a function of the ovary?

A) It produces estrogen.
B) It produces ova.
C) It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
D) All of the above are functions of the ovary.

Question 50

An ectopic pregnancy can occur in the:

A) uterus.
B) pelvic cavity.
C) uterine tubes.
D) Either B or C are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following is not found in the medulla of the ovary?

A) Lymphatics
B) Ovarian follicles
C) Blood vessels
D) All of the above are found in the medulla of the ovary.

Question 52

What are the factors that explain why a woman is fertile only a few days out of each monthly cycle?

A) (1) Sperm usually cannot survive in the female reproductive tract for more than a few days, (2) an ovum must unite with a sperm during the first 24 hours after ovulation, before it reaches the uterus, so it will be ready for implantation, and (3) the cyclical mechanisms of female reproductive function limit the release of ova.
B) (1) Sperm usually cannot survive in the female reproductive tract for more than 24 hours, (2) an ovum must unite with a sperm within the first 12 hours after ovulation, before it reaches the uterus, so it will be ready for implantation, and (3) the cyclical mechanisms of female reproductive function limit the release of ova.
C) (1) Sperm usually cannot survive in the female reproductive tract for more than a few days, (2) an ovum must unite with a sperm within 12 hours after ovulation, before it reaches the uterus, so it will be ready for implantation, and (3) the cyclical mechanisms of female reproductive function limit the release of ova.
D) (1) Sperm usually cannot survive in the female reproductive tract for more than 12 hours, (2) an ovum must unite with a sperm immediately after ovulation, before it reaches the uterus, so it will be ready for implantation, and (3) the cyclical mechanisms of female reproductive function limit the release of ova.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is not true about the mechanism controlling lactation?

A) The anterior pituitary secretes prolactin.
B) The posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin.
C) Prolactin stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the mammary glands.
D) All of the above statements are true about the mechanism controlling lactation.

Question 54

An episiotomy is an incision made:

A) through the body of the uterus.
B) through the cervix of the uterus.
C) in the perineum.
D) None of the above correctly describes an episiotomy.

Question 55

Which of the following ligaments that support the uterus is a single ligament?

A) Broad
B) Posterior
C) Round
D) Uterosacral

Question 56

Which of the following is the least predictable method of determining ovulation time?

A) The measurement of LH in the urine
B) The length of previous cycles
C) The change in basal body temperature
D) All of the above methods are equally accurate in determining ovulation time.

Question 57

Going from the ovary to the uterus, the sequence of the divisions of the uterine tubes is:

A) isthmus, ampulla, fimbriae, and infundibulum.
B) ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, and fimbriae.
C) fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus.
D) fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus, and infundibulum.

Question 58

Which of the following functions is not usually associated with the uterus?

A) Menstruation
B) Fertilization
C) Gestation
D) All of the above functions are associated with the uterus.

Question 59

Which of the following glands is not part of the vulva?

A) The greater vestibular glands
B) Skene glands
C) Bartholin glands
D) All of the above glands are part of the vulva.

Question 60

At puberty, the reproductive hormones stimulate the organs of the reproductive tract. Which statement best describes what happens to the ovaries at this time?

A) The ovaries become functional and produce mature ova one at a time.
B) The mature follicles will stop developing, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels required to initiate ovulation do not occur.
C) Supraovulation will occur to increase chances of pregnancy.
D) The ovaries begin a process of involution that results in a decrease in size and position deep in the pelvis.

Question 61

The mons pubis is a skin-covered pad of fat over the symphysis pubis.

Question 62

After the oocyte is released from the ovary, it is known as an ovum.

Question 63

The posterior ligament forms a deep pouch known as the perineal body.

Question 64

The ovaries are attached to the oviducts.

Question 65

The vagina is composed mainly of skeletal muscle.

Question 66

The mammary glands are essential organs of reproduction in women.

Question 67

The wide upper portion of the uterus is called the cervix.

Question 68

The ovaries are also endocrine organs.

Question 69

Why might salpingitis cause infertility?

A) The ovaries will not produce an ovum.
B) It can cause obstruction of the lumen and marked dilation at the end of the uterine tube, preventing the ovum from entering the uterine tube.
C) The uterus is prevented from forming a protective sac for the ovum.
D) It causes a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is needed to release the ovum from the ovaries.

Question 70

The greater vestibular glands in the female are homologous to the bulbourethral glands in the male.

Question 71

It is not uncommon for at least some fibers of the levator ani to become stretched or damaged in women who have experienced vaginal delivery of a full-term infant. What are the possible results of this damage?

A) Urinary or fecal incontinence, dysmenorrhea, or salpingitis
B) Prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, rectal prolapse through the anus, or hydrosalpinx
C) Prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, rectal prolapse through the anus, or salpingitis
D) Urinary or fecal incontinence, prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, or rectal prolapse through the anus

Question 72

Retroflexion, or backward flexion, is the normal position of the uterus.

Question 73

The external os opens into the vagina.

Question 74

A prolapsed uterus results from weakening of the supporting ligaments of the uterus, which permits retroflexion (backward tilt) and descent of the uterus into the vagina.

Question 75

Mammary glands are considered accessory organs of the female reproductive system.

Question 76

Ova are produced in the germinal epithelial layer of the ovary.

Question 77

The uterine tubes are extensions of the uterus that communicate with the vagina and vulva.

Question 78

The "G spot" is synonymous with the clitoris in the female.

Question 79

The fringelike projections, called fimbriae, are located in the ampulla of the uterine tubes.

Question 80

The vagina is a tubular organ situated anterior to the urethra and bladder and posterior to the rectum.